胃癌及癌前病变中p16、p21WAF1、CDK4、cyclin D1蛋白的表达及其意义

目的探讨胃癌及癌前病变中p16、p21WAF1、CDK4和cyclinD1蛋白的表达、相互关系及其意义。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测胃癌、不典型增生、慢性浅表性胃炎及正常胃组织中p16、p21WAF1、CDK4和cyclinD1蛋白的表达情况。结果胃癌中p16和p21WAF1蛋白表达率分别为52.7％、30.9％,显著低于慢性浅表性胃炎和不典型增生（P<0.01）,而CDK4和cyclinD1蛋白表达率分别为61.8％、47.3％,均明显高于正常胃组织和慢性浅表性胃炎,差异有显著性（P<0.01）,但胃癌和不典型增生组织中CDK4和cyclinD1蛋白表达率之间差异无显著性（P>0.05）。胃癌中p16与cyclinD1蛋白表达呈负相关关系（P<0.05）,而CDK4与cyclinD1呈正相关关系（P<0.01）。结论胃癌发生机制涉及p16、p21WAF1、CDK4和cyclinD1调节通路中多个基因的异常,且与胃癌Lauren分型、浸润深度、淋巴结转移有关。CDK4和cyclinD1蛋白高表达可能是胃癌发生过程中的早期分子事件。     

cyclinD1及p16蛋白在大肠癌中的表达及与预后的关系

目的：研究cyclinD1（周期素D1）及p16基因表达的蛋白产物在大肠癌组织中的表达及与预后的关系.方法：应用免疫组化ABC法,在55例原发性大肠癌中检测cyclinD1及p16蛋白的表达.结果：cyclinD1蛋白表达阳性率为43.64%（24/55）;p16蛋白阳性表达率为47.27%（26/55）,cyclinD1与p16阳性表达与正常结肠直肠粘膜组织之间有非常显著性差异;cyclinD1阳性表达率在死亡组（64.70%,11/17）与生存组（28.57%,6/21）之间有非常显著性差异（P〈0.01）;p16蛋白阳性表达率在死亡组（5.85%,1/17）与生存组（42.86%,9/21）亦有显著性差异（P〈0.05）.结论：大肠癌发生过程中,存在cyclinD1及p16蛋白表达的异常,p16及cyclinD1过度表达与患者的预后密切相关,对肿瘤预后评估有重要意义.     

胃癌及癌前病变中p16、p21~(WAF1)、CDK4、cyclinD1蛋白的表达及其意义

目的:探讨胃癌及癌前病变中p16、p21WAF1、CDK4和cyclinD1蛋白的表达、相互关系及其意义。方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测胃癌、不典型增生、慢性浅表性胃炎及正常胃组织中p16、p21WAF1、CDK4和cyclinD1蛋白的表达情况。结果:胃癌中p16和p21WAF1蛋白表达率分别为:52.7%、30.9%,显著低于慢性浅表性胃炎和不典型增生(P<0.01),而CDK4和cyclinD1蛋白表达率分别为:61.8%、47.3%,均明显高于正常胃组织和慢性浅表性胃炎,差异有显著性(P<0.01),但胃癌和不典型增生组织中CDK4和cyclinD1蛋白表达率之间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。胃癌中p16与cyclinD1蛋白表达呈负相关关系(P<0.05),而CDK4与cyclinD1呈正相关关系(P<0.01)。结论:胃癌发生机制涉及p16、p21WAF1、CDK4和cyclinD1调节通路中多个基因的异常,且与胃癌Lauren分型、浸润深度、淋巴结转移有关。CDK4和cyclinD1蛋白高表达可能是胃癌发生过程中的早期分子事件。     

skp2、p27kip1在正常胃黏膜和胃癌组织中的表达

[目的]探讨细胞S相激酶相关蛋白2（skp2）和细胞周期素依赖性激酶抑制蛋白27（p27^kip1）表达与胃癌发生的关系。[方法]用免疫组化SP法检测69例胃癌组织中skp2、p27^kip1蛋白的表达，并与28例正常胃黏膜作对比；用RT-PCR方法随机检测其中3例胃癌组织中skp2的mRNA表达，并与其正常胃黏膜作对比。[结果]p27^kip1蛋白阳性表达率在胃癌中为46.38％，而正常胃组织中为96．43％（P〈0．00。p27^kip1蛋白在胃癌中的阳性表达率随肿瘤分化程度的降低、浸润深度的加深、淋巴结转移、病理分期进展而降低（10〈0．05）。skp2 mRNA在胃癌组织中的表达明显上凋（P〈0．01）。skp2蛋白阳性表达率在胃癌中为33.33％，而正常胃组织中为10．71％（P〈0．05）。skp2蛋白阳性表达率随肿瘤的分化程度降低而升高fP〈0．05）。skp2、p27^kip1蛋白在胃癌中的表达呈负相关（P〈0．01）。[结论]p27^kip1、skp2蛋白检测有助于胃癌的临床诊断及判断预后。     

p27kip1蛋白表达与胃癌的关系

[目的]探讨p27kip1蛋白表达与胃癌的关系。[方法]用免疫组化SP法检测69例胃癌中p27kip1蛋白表达。[结果]p27kip1蛋白表达率在胃癌中为46.38%(32/69),而正常胃组织中为96.43%(27/28),差异有显著性(P<0.01)。p27kip1蛋白阳性表达率与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、部位无关(P>0.05),与肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴转移及临床分期有关(P<0.05)。[结论]p27kip1蛋白缺失与胃癌的发生发展有关,其蛋白检测可为胃癌的临床诊断及预后判断提供参考。     

p53蛋白及cyclinD1蛋白在胃癌中的表达及临床意义

目的通过联合检查p53蛋白及cyclinD1蛋白在胃癌组织及正常胃组织中的表达,探讨它们与胃癌分化程度的关系。方法应用流式细胞术(FCM)对13例正常胃组织及27例胃癌组织细胞进行p53蛋白及cyclinD1蛋白的检测。结果p53蛋白在正常组的表达均为阴性85.2%(23/27)的胃癌组织p53表达阳性,p53蛋白表达量(F1值)和p53蛋白阳性表达率与胃癌组织分化程度有明显相关性(P<0.01)。cyclinD1蛋白在正常组的表达均为阳性77.8%(21/27)的胃癌组织cyclinD1呈阳性表达,cyclinD1表达量(F1值)和cyclinD1阳性表达率与胃癌组织分化程度有明显相关性(P<0.01)。p53蛋白表达与cyclinD1蛋白表达呈正相关(r=0.678)。结论p53蛋白及cyclinD1蛋白过表达与胃癌组织的分化程度有明显相关性,联合检测p53及cyclinD1蛋白可做为判断胃癌恶性程度的有效指标。p53及cyclinD1蛋白的高表达与胃癌的发生、发展有密切关系。     

胶质瘤中NF-κB、CyclinD1的表达及意义

[目的]探讨NF-κB、cyclinD1在胶质瘤中的表达及意义.[方法 ]应用免疫组织化学方法检测 NF-κ B p65 、 cyclinD1在 45例胶质瘤组织及 10例正常大脑组织中的表达情况. [结果 ]胶质瘤中 NF-κ B p65蛋白阳性表达率为 60.0%( 27/45), cyclinD1阳性率为 42.2%( 19/45), 10例正常脑组织中 NF-κ B p65、 CyclinD1无 1例阳性表达. NF-κ B p65、 CyclinD1表达与胶质瘤的恶性程度有关. NF-κ B p65表达与 CyclinD1表达呈显著正相关. [结论 ]NF-κ B p65是与胶质瘤相关的新的癌蛋白, NF κ-B p65上调 CyclinD1的表达,可导致胶质瘤的发生.     

38例胃肠间质瘤中p53蛋白的表达及意义

[目的]探讨p53在胃肠道间质瘤（GISTs）中的表达及其与预后的关系；[方法]对38例GISTs采用免疫组化EnVision法榆测GISTs组织中p53蛋白的表达情况，并将蛋白表达与肿瘤预后作相关分析。[结果]p53在胃肠间质瘤中表达的阳性率为42．1％（16／38）．且与肿瘤生物学行为分级战正相关（P〈0．05）。p53表达阳性的病人5年生存率为31．25％，而p53表达阴性的病人5年生存率为68．18％，两者有显著的统计差异（P〈0．05），不同生物学分级各组（低、中、高危3组）的5年生存半分别为80．0％、70．0％、39．1％，有显著的统计学差异（P〈0．05）。[结论]p53表达与GISTs预后有关，p53可作为判断GISTs预后的标志物。     

乳腺癌中RUNX3、cyclin D1和p27kip1蛋白的表达及其意义

[目的]探讨乳腺癌组织中RUNX3、cyclinD1和p27^kip1基因的表达及其临床意义。[方法]采用免疫组织化学SP法检测88例乳腺癌、40例乳腺纤维腺瘤、40例乳腺增生病中RUNX3、cyclinD1和p27^kip1的表达。[结果]（1）RUNX3和p27^kip1在乳腺癌中的阳性表达率分别为35．23％和51．14％，明显低于在乳腺纤维腺瘤（85％和82．5％）及乳腺增生病（87．5％和85％）中的表达率（P〈0．05）。乳腺癌中cyclinD1的表达率（63．63％）明显高于良性病变中表达。（2）RUNX3和p27^kip1蛋白表达与乳腺癌的临床分期、淋巴结转移呈负相关。p27^kip1蛋白表达与病理分级呈负相关。cyclinD1蛋白表达与病理分级呈正相关。（3）乳腺癌中RUNX3与p27^kip1蛋白的表达呈正相关性（P〈0．05）．与cyclinD1的表达呈负相关性（P〉0．05）。[结论]RUNX3、cyclinD1和p27^kip1在乳腺癌的发生发展中起重要作用。检测乳腺癌组织中RUNX3、cyclinD1和p27^kip1基因的表达对于评价患者的预后有一定价值。     

β-catenin通路相关基因在大肠癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

[目的]研究大肠癌组织中β-catenin、cyclinD1和c—myc蛋白的表达及临床意义。[方法]采用免疫组化法检测正常大肠黏膜和大肠癌组织中β-catenin、cyclinD1和c—mye蛋白的表达。[结果]正常大肠黏膜β-catenin蛋白表达定位于细胞膜，大肠癌组织β-catenin细胞浆和细胞核表达（异位表达）明显增加，细胞膜表达有不同程度的减少。大肠癌组织异位表达率为63．1％，细胞膜表达缺失率为70．8％，大肠癌组织β-catenin的异位表达率与肿瘤分化程度、临床分期和淋巴结转移有关。大肠癌组织中cyclinD1和c—myc表达明显高于正常大肠黏膜。大肠癌组织中β-catenin异位表达率与cyclinD1和c-myc阳性表达率均呈明显正相关。[结论]异常的β-catenin相关信号通路与大肠癌的发生发展有密切的关系，β-catenin的异常表达可能可以作为大肠癌患者诊断及预后评估的良好指标。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Morphine and tumor growth and metastasis

Morphine is an analgesic widely used to alleviate cancer pain. In addition, the perioperative management of pain in cancer surgery patients most often includes opioids. However, there are reports that these drugs may alter cancer recurrence or metastasis. Several mechanisms have been proposed, such as the modulation of the immune response or cellular pathways that control the survival and migratory behavior of cancer cells. The published literature, however, presents some discrepancies, with reports suggesting that opioids may either promote or prevent the spread of cancer. It is of great importance to determine whether opioids, in particular the most widely used, morphine, may increase the risk of metastasis when used in cancer surgery. This review examines the available data on the effects of morphine which influence cancer metastasis or recurrence, including immunomodulation, tumor cell aggressiveness, and angiogenesis, with special emphasis on recently published clinical and laboratory based studies. We further discuss the parameters that may explain the difference between reports on the effects of morphine on cancer.     

肾上腺素能β受体与肿瘤生长及转移

大量研究表明肿瘤细胞可表达β受体，而一些神经递质、药物和社会心理因素可能通过β受体影响肿瘤的生长和转移，β受体激动剂、β受体阻滞剂以及抑郁等社会心理因素可加强或削弱这种作用。这为表达β受体肿瘤的治疗开辟了新的道路，提供了新的治疗靶点。