子宫内膜癌磁共振成像诊断和分期

回顾性分析子宫内膜癌的磁共振（MRI）表现和手术病理结果，探讨MRI诊断和分期的价值。材料和方法：18例子宫内膜癌诊断和分期均经手术和病理检查。术前MRI检查采取冠状面和矢状面的T1WI和T2WI成像，双盲法MRI阅片，子宫内膜癌MRI分期基本按FIGO分期原则。结果：病灶区在T1WI像上为等信号（不伴出血），T2WI呈现5种表现。MRI分期准确率达83．8％，分辨工期的准确率达90．9％。结论：子宫内膜癌MRI表现多样化，有44．4％病例表现不典型。MRI对子宫内膜癌（尤其对占多数的Ⅰ期病例）的分期具有很高的价值。     

MRI、USG判断Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度的应用研究

目的 研究MRI与USG在判断临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者子宫肌层浸润深度中的临床价值并对两种检查方法进行比较。资料与方法 32例Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者术前均行MR／与USG检查;MRI与超声分别对32例患者进行临床分期,并与术后病理结果进行对照分析。统计学方法采用列联表的x^2检验及配对资料的x^2检验。结果 32例患者病理分期：Ⅰa期6例,Ⅰb期18例,Ⅰc期8例。MRI、USG对判断子宫内膜癌有无肌层浸润的准确率分别为92％（24／26）、85％（22／26）。MRI分期与病理分期相比符合率为78％（25／32）,超声分期与病理分期相比符合率为47％（15／32）。对Ⅰb的分期诊断,MRI与USG有明显统计学差异。结论 MRI对判断临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌的进一步分期诊断优于USG,其中对Ⅰb的分级判断较USG有明显差别。     

子宫内膜癌的磁共振表现及分期

目的:探讨子宫内膜癌的MRI表现,评价MRI在子宫内膜癌的诊断及术前分期中的价值.方法:23例子宫内膜癌患者术前行MRI检查,按照1998年FIGO修订分期原则将所有病例分期,并与术后病理结果进行对照分析.采用列联表的x2检验及配对资料的x2检验.结果:子宫内膜癌的癌灶在T2 WI上表现为子宫内膜不规则增厚,信号不均匀且高于肌层,并有不均匀强化.本组显示MRI对子宫内膜癌分期准确率为87%(20/23),对肌层浸润深度判断的准确率为76.9%(10/13).结论:MRI能多方位清晰显示子宫内膜癌瘤灶及侵犯范围,对子宫内膜癌的诊断及术前分期具有很高的价值.     

MRI成像对子宫内膜癌术前分期的研究

目的:通过对子宫内膜癌患者术前MRI检查的回顾性分析并与手术病理结果相对照,探讨MRI成像在对宫内膜癌术前分期的价值.方法:研究对象为36例在手术前接受了MRI检查的子宫内膜癌患者.检查采用SIEMENS 1.5T超导型成像仪,体部线圈;扫描序列包括T1WI、T2WI横断面、矢状面扫描,静脉注射对比剂Gd-DTPA后动态增强扫描.将MRI诊断分期与手术病理分期对照.结果:子宫内膜癌的MRI表现为宫腔内肿块或子宫内膜的弥漫性增厚;MRI术前分期的准确率达94.4％ (34/36).结论:MRI子宫内膜癌的术前分期准确可靠,应作为术前常规检查.     

磁共振成像诊断子宫内膜癌和术后病理基础分析

目的分析子宫内膜癌磁共振成像（MRI）的表现,探讨MRI在子宫内膜癌诊断及术后病理基础分析的意义。方法回顾性分析我院收治80例子宫内膜癌患者的MRI表现及临床资料,并进行分析,所有患者术后经病理证实。结果子宫内膜癌MRI表现为宫体增大,内膜增厚,可准确判断肿瘤部位、大小、侵犯范围及有无转移等。结论MRI对子宫内膜癌的诊断、肿瘤分期判断有较高价值,与术后病理分期相比较,准确率较高,对临床上制订治疗方案及术后预后评估具有重要指导意义。     

国际妇产科联盟分期修订对MRI诊断Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌准确性的影响

目的探讨2009年国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)分期的变化对磁共振成像(MRI)诊断Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌准确性的影响。方法分析35例经术后病理证实的Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者的术前MR资料,对比在2009和1988年FIGO分期标准下,MRI诊断Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌的准确性。结果 2009年FIGO分期中,将肿瘤局限于内膜和侵犯深度1/2肌层合并为Ⅰa期;将侵犯深度1/2肌层重新定义为Ⅰb期。以1988年FIGO分期为标准,MRI诊断Ⅰa期、Ⅰb期、Ⅰc期的准确率分别为62.5%、77.8%、88.9%,总准确率为77.1%。以2009年FIGO分期为标准,MRI诊断Ⅰa期、Ⅰb期的准确率分别为92.3%、88.9%,总准确率为91.4%。结论 2009年FIGO分期标准在1988年FIGO分期的基础上进行简化,使MRI评价Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌的准确率明显提高,进一步增加了Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌术前分期的可靠性。     

FIGOⅠ Ⅱ期子宫内膜癌MRI征象分析与评价

目的:按照FIGO2009分期标准,分析ⅠⅡ期子宫内膜癌的MRI征象及其病理基础,评价MRI对子宫内膜癌肌层和宫颈侵犯的诊断价值。方法:43例ⅠⅡ期子宫内膜癌患者术前均行MRI检查,采用双盲法,描述肿瘤的MRI表现特征,并将MRI术前分期及判断肌层和宫颈浸润结果,与术后病理结果对照分析。结果:Ⅰa 26例,Ⅰb 8例,Ⅱ期9例。Ⅰ期MRI主要表现为子宫内膜增厚、腔内局限型或弥漫性软组织肿块呈中等强化、T2WI低信号结合带中断及肌层侵犯等,其病理基础为癌细胞呈腺样乳突状结构,突破粘膜层,向肌壁间浸润性生长。Ⅱ期以宫颈内出现与宫体肿瘤相连续的异常信号影及宫颈纤维间质破坏为特征。MRI评价肿瘤浸润肌层深度的诊断准确性为86%,判断宫颈侵犯的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为78%、91%、88%,与病理结果比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:MRI对Ⅰ、Ⅱ期子宫内膜癌的早期诊断、肌层和宫颈侵犯的判断及术前分期准确性高,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

CT与MRI在直肠癌诊断及分期中的应用

目的 比较CT与MRI在直肠癌的术前诊断及临床分期中的应用价值.方法 选择50例经手术病理证实的直肠癌病例,所有患者术前均进行MRI和CT检查,进行TN分期,并与病理结果对照.结果 MRI检查对直肠癌T分期诊断的总准确率为86％（43/50）,显著高于CT检查对直肠癌T分期诊断的总准确率[72％（36/50）]（P＜0.05）;MRI在诊断淋巴结转移中正确率为71.4％（10/14）,显著高于CT在诊断淋巴结转移中的正确率51.4％（16/35）（P＜0.05）.结论 在直肠癌术前诊断及分期方面,MRI的作用优于CT.     

MRI对子宫内膜癌肌层浸润的判断及术前分期准确性分析

目的:与病理结果做对照,分析MRI对Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌肌层浸润判断的准确性,以提高MRI在子宫内膜癌术前分期的应用.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的48例Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者的MRI表现,判断其肌层浸润程度,根据FIGO分期原则进行分期,并与术后病理结果对照.结果:MRI判断为Ⅰa期13例,Ⅰb期26例,Ic期9例,MRI对子宫内膜癌分期与病理分期的一致性检验Kappa值为0.758 (P＜0.05),一致性较高;Ⅰ a期的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为80.0％％、97.0％、91.7％、92.3％、91.4％;Ⅰ b期的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为88.0％、82.6％、85.4％、84.6％、86.4％;Ⅰ c期的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为87.5％、95.0％、93.8％、77.8％、97.4％.结论:MRI能较准确显示子宫内膜癌癌灶大小、侵犯范围及深度,对判断I期子宫内膜癌肌层浸润及术前分期有一定价值.     

DWI联合MRI动态增强扫描对子宫内膜癌术前分期的诊断价值

目的：探讨DWI联合MRI动态增强扫描（DCE-MRI）判断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度及术前分期的准确性,为合理选择手术方式及预后评估提供依据。方法：选择54例子宫内膜癌作为观察对象,通过DWI联合DCE-MRI表现区分肌层浸润深度及临床分期,并与术后病理结果进行对照。结果：54例经DWI联合DCE-MRI发现47例肌层浸润,诊断准确率为95.9%（47/49）,其中30例浅肌层浸润,诊断准确率为96.8%,17例深肌层浸润,诊断准确率为94.4%,2例误判均为低判。DWI联合DCE-MRI诊断深肌层浸润的敏感度为94.4%（17/18）,特异度为96.8%（30/31）;经DWI联合DCE-MRI,51例术前分期明确,准确率为94.4%（51/54）,3例误判中2例低判,1例高判,与术后病理结果一致性较好（χ²=3.085,P=0.079,K=0.92）。结论：DWI联合DCE-MRI能够较好地判断子宫内膜肌层的浸润深度及病理分期,具有较高的诊断敏感度和特异度,对子宫内膜癌患者的病情评估具有非常重要的价值,可为手术方式的选择及预后判断提供可靠依据。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.