足底内侧皮瓣在修复足跟部软组织缺损合并跟骨骨髓炎中的应用

目的 探讨应用足底内侧皮瓣转移修复足跟部软组织缺损合并跟骨骨髓炎的临床疗效.方法 应用足底内侧皮瓣转移修复16例足跟部软组织缺损合并跟骨骨髓炎病例,缺损面积3.0 em×4.0cm-5.0cm×8.0cm,病程3～13个月.结果 16例皮瓣均成活,随访3～加个月,所有皮瓣外形和感觉良好,跟骨骨髓炎治愈.结论 足底内侧皮瓣是修复足底软组织缺损合并跟骨骨髓炎的较为理想的方法.     

足底内侧皮瓣在足跟部皮肤恶性肿瘤手术缺损修复中的应用

目的探讨足跟部皮肤恶性肿瘤切除后皮肤软组织缺损利用足底内侧皮瓣转移进行修复的方法并评价其疗效。方法对11例足跟周围皮肤恶性肿瘤患者病变局部扩大切除后,在肿瘤边界完整切除的基础上,皮肤软组织缺损采用足底内侧皮瓣转移进行修复。结果 11例均获随访,时间10个月~6年。转移皮瓣均成活,外形满意,感觉恢复,足及足趾活动良好,未见肿瘤复发。结论足底内侧皮瓣修复足跟部皮肤恶性肿瘤切除软组织中小面积缺损疗效较好。     

足跟部软组织缺损36例分析

目的 探讨足跟部软组织缺损的修复方法.方法 对36例足跟部软组织缺损患者分别采用足底内侧岛状皮瓣、足背岛状皮瓣以及小腿下内侧逆行筋膜蒂皮瓣进行修复.结果 术后皮瓣全部成活,质地优良.随访无一例足跟溃疡发生,足跟功能恢复正常.结论 足底内侧岛状皮瓣、足背岛状皮瓣以及小腿下内侧逆行筋膜蒂皮瓣血供可靠,取材容易,此三种皮瓣是修复足底软组织缺损较理想的组织材料;一般不宜皮片移植修复.     

游离足底内侧皮瓣修复对侧足跟软组织缺损

目的 探讨携带足底内侧神经皮支的足底内侧皮瓣修复对侧足跟软组织缺损的治疗效果.方法 自2011年11月至2016年1月,共收治足跟大面积软组织脱套伤后期软组织坏死缺损10例,其中跟骨外露8例,软组织缺损面积7.0 cm×6.0 cm^11.0 cm×7.0 cm.均采用对侧携带足底内侧神经皮支的足底内侧皮瓣修复,皮瓣切取面积为8.0 cm×7.0 cm^12.0 cm×8.0 cm,均缝合神经重建感觉.术后定期随访.结果 术后随访8~36个月,平均16个月. 10例皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣两点分辨觉为6~12 mm,感觉恢复满意,无摩擦破损,皮肤质地接近正常,外观满意,供瓣区植皮修复,均Ⅰ期愈合,对行走无明显影响.结论 足底内侧皮瓣用来修复足跟部软组织缺损,质地接近,皮肤感觉恢复好,是一种修复足跟部软组织缺损的理想选择皮瓣之一.     

带神经血管蒂足底内侧皮瓣修复足跟皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨带神经血管带足底内侧皮瓣修复足跟皮肤软组织缺损的疗效。方法1995年7月～2005年9月采用带神经血管蒂足底内侧皮瓣修复足跟部皮肤软组织缺损28例,其中外伤21例,跟骨骨髓炎6例,冻伤1例。缺损面积为3cm×3cm～7cm×6cm。结果所有患者随访3～15个月,平均12个月,皮瓣全部成活,外观满意,行走功能良好,皮瓣成活后有感觉存在,未见磨损溃疡发生。结论足底非负重区组织修复足底负重区皮肤软组织缺损不仅功能良好、外形美观,而且感觉良好,是修复足跟部皮肤软组织缺损的理想方法。     

带血管蒂皮瓣修复足跟及踝部软组织缺损

目的：探讨足跟及踝部软组织缺损皮瓣修复治疗效果。方法：应用７ 种带血管蒂皮瓣转移进行修复。结果：本组２９ 例转移皮瓣全部成活,外观、功能满意。结论：由于足跟及踝部皮肤缺损的特殊性,应用带蒂皮瓣进行修复,血运丰富,有益于足跟及踝部功能重建,根据缺损的具体情况,选择不同的带蒂皮瓣,并证实足底内侧皮瓣和足外侧皮瓣、内踝上皮瓣和足背皮瓣分别是修复足跟、踝部皮肤缺损的较好方法。     

足底内侧皮瓣的临床应用

目的 报道应用足底内侧皮瓣修复手足部组织缺损的治疗效果.方法 设计皮瓣的点选择为内踝前缘与足底内侧交界处,从该点至第1、2跖骨头间引一直线为皮瓣轴心线,在轴心线两侧、跖骨头后面足底非负重区切取皮瓣.临床应用带神经血管蒂或游离的足底内侧皮瓣移植修复足跟或手部皮肤缺损32例. 结果 术后随访6个月～3年,32例移植皮瓣全部成活,感觉良好,外观满意且耐磨,手足部活动功能良好. 结论 足底内侧皮瓣是足跟或手掌部小创面软组织缺损的较好修复方法.     

不同类型皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的临床效果

目的探讨不同类型皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对30例足踝部软组织缺损患者进行皮瓣修复,其中足底内侧皮瓣修复足跟部软组织缺损7例,股前外侧皮瓣修复足背、足内侧软组织缺损12例,腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损11例。结果患者均获得随访,时间1~5年。29例皮瓣完全成活,仅1例股前外侧皮瓣发生坏死,二次手术给予植皮。13例患者因皮瓣臃肿,二期行皮瓣修整术;2例患者因术后长期从事体力劳动足跟部发生溃疡;其余患者皮瓣质地柔软,踝关节功能恢复满意。供区均未出现并发症。足底内侧皮瓣修复患者皮瓣感觉功能完全恢复,股前外侧皮瓣修复患者感觉均部分恢复,5例吻合神经腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣患者于术后3~5个月感觉功能完全恢复,剩余患者感觉功能部分恢复。结论足底内侧皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣、腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣各有优缺点,应根据足踝部软组织缺损面积、部位的不同选择合适的皮瓣,以提高皮瓣成活率,重建肢体功能。     

足弓内侧筋膜岛状皮瓣修复足跟软组织缺损

目的：探讨足跟部软组织缺损的治疗方法,方法：采用足弓内侧筋膜岛状皮瓣修复16例足跟部软组织缺损，面积3cm*2cm-5cm*3cm，足底内侧动静脉为蒂的13例，足底外侧动静脉为蒂的3例，结果：术后皮瓣全部成活，行走功能良好，皮瓣成活后有感觉存在，未见磨损滞疡发生，结论：该方法是修复足跟部皮肤缺损较好的方法之一。     

足底内侧岛状皮瓣联合腹股沟游离皮瓣修复足跟部软组织缺损

目的探讨足底内侧岛状皮瓣联合腹股沟游离皮瓣修复足跟部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2015年10月至2020年12月榆林市第二医院烧伤整形手足外科收治的足跟部皮肤软组织缺损患者的临床资料。患者经急诊清创或扩创后,应用足底内侧岛状皮瓣修复足跟部创面,腹股沟游离皮瓣修复足底内侧供区创面,腹股沟供区直接缝合。术后观察皮瓣血运及存活、皮瓣供区愈合情况,并对足跟外形与功能恢复情况进行随访。结果共纳入8例患者,男7例,女1例,年龄20~71岁,平均32.2岁。其中5例为足跟外伤,1例足跟鳞状细胞癌,1例足跟冻伤,1例足跟溃疡。足跟部创面面积4 cm×3 cm~7 cm×6 cm。手术过程顺利,足跟岛状皮瓣及腹股沟皮瓣切取范围较足跟创面扩大0.5~1.0 cm。8例患者术后皮瓣血运良好,创面均一期愈合。术后随访3~12个月,所有患者足跟弹性佳,外形无臃肿,耐磨、耐压,感觉及行走功能满意;足底内侧供区无凹陷,无瘢痕增生及挛缩,无局部皮肤溃疡;腹股沟供区仅见线性瘢痕。结论足底内侧岛状皮瓣联合腹股沟游离皮瓣修复足跟部缺损,足部外观及功能恢复良好,效果满意。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Immunomodulation in Transplantation with Photopheresis

Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.