海康胶囊对动物造血功能的影响

海康胶囊（ＨＫ）按３０ｇ／ｋｇ和６０ｇ／ｋｇ给小鼠灌胃，对腹腔注射环磷酰胺（ＣＴＸ）引起的小鼠网织红细胞下降有明显保护作用（Ｐ＜０．０１），对骨髓有核细胞下降和脾脏重量下降则无保护作用（Ｐ＞００５）；对皮下注射苯诱发的小鼠网织红细胞下降、血红蛋白和脾脏重量下降均有一定保护作用（Ｐ＜００１），但对骨髓有核细胞下降则无保护作用；对大鼠人工心脏失血性贫血，６０ｇ／ｋｇ剂量组有促进血红蛋白升高的作用（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

CoxsackieB＿3病毒对小鼠高频心电图时域值的作用研究

以Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠为实验动物，观察了ｃｏｘｓａｃｋｉｅＢ＿３病毒对小鼠高频心电图（ＨＦ－ＥＣＧ）的影响。实验组小鼠腹腔注射０．２ｍｌｃｏｘｓａｃｋｉｅＢ＿３病毒后，分别于第１、３、５、７天记录高频心电图，结果表明：从种毒１天后开始，心率显著增加，分别增加了２４．４％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、１６．３％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、１９．９％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、２９．３％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。从种毒３天后开始，Ｑ－Ｔ间期、Ｔ波时程较种毒前明显延长，Ｑ－Ｔ间期较种毒前分别延长了２４．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、１７．５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、２４．０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｔ波时程较种毒前分别延长了３０．７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、２９．１％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、３６．４％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。对照组无此变化。结果提示，病毒可能对窦房结自律细胞的自律性、心室肌细胞的复极化过程产生影响。     

早期新生儿尿系列微量蛋白的排泌量及意义

作者对９０例新生儿进行尿系列微量蛋白的测定，包括：ＲＢＰ，Ａｌｂ，ＩｇＧ和ＮＡＧ。新生儿分为早产儿组和足月儿组。二组间进行对照，并分别与成人组对照。结果显示：新生儿各组的均值明显高于成人正常值（Ｐ＜０．０１）。早产儿又明显高于足月儿（Ｐ＜０．０１）。该结果说明，肾脏的发育是随着胎龄的增大而逐渐成熟的。作为一种简便而敏感的方法，该项检查可应用于诸如筛查药源性肾脏损害或新生儿窒息的评估等。     

手术及麻醉对消化道肿瘤病人血清细胞因子的影响

为探讨手术及麻醉对消化道肿瘤病人围手术期血清细胞因子的影响，将６０例患者随机分成两组，分别选择吸入全麻和静吸复合全麻两种麻醉方式。采用ＥＬＩＳＡ法对患者术前、术毕４ｈ内和术后１周血清ＴＮＦ－α、ΙＬ－６的水平进行检测。结果：患者ＴＮＦ－α水平术前低于正常（Ｐ＜０．０１），术毕术后升高，术后１周仍低于正常（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＩＬ－６水平术前高于正常（Ｐ＜０．０１），术毕明显高于术前（Ｐ＜０．０１），术后１周降至正常；术毕时，ＩＬ－６水平在两种不同麻醉组有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；术后１周ＴＮＦ－α与ＩＬ－６呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示检测手术前后细胞因子水平变化可作为肿瘤病人细胞免疫功能监测和衡量应激反应的指标。阿片类麻醉药能抑制应激反应引起的细胞因子释放     

锌在蚕噬细胞免疫功能中的作用

本文通过对断奶３天的Ｗｉｓｔｅｒ大鼠进行缺锌喂养，观察其在生长６周后体重，饲料效价、外周血白细胞（ＰＭＮ）及化学发光值（ＣＬ１）、腹腔吞噬细胞（Ｍφ）吞噬率、吞噬指数及化学发光值（ＣＬ２）的变化。发现缺锌大重增长及饲料效价均明显低于自由喂养组（Ｐ＜０．０１），外周血白细胞数明显低于自由喂养组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；腹腔吞噬细胞（Ｍφ）吞噬指数和吞噬率明显低于自由喂养组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；化学发光值ＣＬ１和     

感染疟原虫斯氏按蚊血淋巴元素组成的分析

分别从初羽化及吸正常鼠血或感染约氏症原虫（Ｐｈｓｍｏｄｉｕｍｙｏｅｌｉｉｙｏｅｌｉｉ）鼠血后５、７、９ｄ的斯氏按蚊（Ａｎｏｐｈｅｌｅｓｓｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｉ）收集血淋巴，用ＩＣＡＰ－９０００型等离子原子发射光谱仪测定其常量元素和微量元素的含量，并对２０种元素含量变化作比较分析。初羽化蚊与吸血（正常鼠血和感染疟原虫的鼠血）后５ｄ的蚊相比，均有７种元素有非常显著的差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），１种元素有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。比较感染与未感染疟原虫的蚊血淋巴元素含量，显示吸血后５ｄ有１２种元素Ｐ＜０．０１．３种元素Ｐ＜０．０５；吸血后７ｄ，７种元素Ｐ＜０．０１，１种元素Ｐ＜０．０５；吸血后９ｄ，６种元素Ｐ＜０．０１，２种元素Ｐ＜０．０５。本研究结果表明，蚊虫血淋巴元素含量与其营养代谢及发育有密切关系。提示疟原虫的寄生可影响蚊媒血淋巴元素含量发生明显变化。     

精神分裂症患者的脑功能显像与神经心理测验的相关研究

本研究应用单光子发射断层摄影术（ＳＰＥＣＴ）、ＨＲ成套神经心理测验（成人）修订本［ＨＲＢ（Ａ）－ＲＣ］和修订韦氏记忆测验（ＷＭＳ－ＲＣ）对３２例住院精神分裂症患者的脑功能改变及脑功能显像与神经心理测验之关系进行探讨。结果显示，精神分裂症患者存在额叶、颞叶和基底节的脑血灌流量降低，同时表现程度不同的神经心理功能损害，此改变在阴性症状和阳性症状的病人间无差异。脑血灌流量降低与损伤指数（ＤＱ）和记忆商数（ＭＱ）未见明显关系。相关分析表明，ＤＱ与ＴＥＳＳ评分呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．３６，Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＭＱ与住院次数（ｒ＝－０．４２，Ｐ＜０．０５）、ＢＰＲＳ评分（ｒ＝－０．５６，Ｐ＜０．０１）、ＳＡＰＳ评分（ｒ＝－０．３９，Ｐ＜０．０５）和ＳＡＮ评分（ｒ＝－０．３７，Ｐ＜０．０５）呈显著负相关，与ＧＡＳ评分（ｒ＝０．５３，Ｐ＜０．０１）呈显著正相关     

早产,窒息和低出生体重对小儿智能发育影响的研究

采用ＤＤＳＴ、Ｇｅｓｃ１１ 两种智测方法对头位经产道分娩的１１６ 名０３ 岁小儿进行了回顾性研究。结果：（１）ＤＤＳＴ法的结果４ 组间具有差异（ Ｐ＜０－０５）；进一步检验发现早产组与对照组的智能发育差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０－０５），而窒息组、低体重组与对照组的差异有显著性（０－０１ ＜ Ｐ＜０－０５）；（２）Ｇｅｓｅｌｌ 测试４ 组内小儿的智能发育呈显著差异（Ｐ＜ ０－０５） ；而早产组、窒息组及低体重组与对照组进一步分析得Ｐ值依次小于０－０５、０－０１ 和０－０１；（３）各病例组内的统计学处理发现：早产、窒息和体重的程度不同，其对小儿的智能发育的影响亦不同（Ｐ值分别为０－０１ ＜ Ｐ＜ ０－０５ 和Ｐ＜０－０１）。结论：早产、窒息及低体重仅在一定条件下才能起消极作用。     

层粘蛋白和Ⅳ型胶原在肺癌中表达的意义

目的：探讨原发性肺癌标本中的层粘蛋白和Ⅳ型胶原表达的意义。方法：采用免疫组化ＬＳＡＢ法检测１７９例肺癌标本中层粘蛋白和Ⅳ型胶原的表达。结果：层粘蛋白及Ⅳ型胶原的表达强度在３组不同分级的肺鳞癌中差异具有极显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０１），且中、高分化的肺鳞癌的层粘蛋白及Ⅳ型胶原的表达强度明显不同于低分化者（Ｐ＜０．０１），层粘蛋白和Ⅳ型胶原的表达强度在有无淋巴结转移两组间，差异亦具有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０５），层粘蛋白和Ⅳ型胶原的表达强度在３组不同术后生存期的肺鳞癌中差异亦具有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０５，０．０１），５年以上生存组层粘蛋白的表达强度明显不同于半年内死亡者（Ｐ＜０．０１），半年内死亡组的Ⅳ型胶原的表达强度明显不同于其它两组（Ｐ＜０．０５，０．０１），Ⅳ型胶原的表达强度在３组不同生存期的肺腺癌间，差异具有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：肺鳞癌的某些生物学行为不同于肺腺癌，层粘蛋白和Ⅳ型胶原的表达可作为评估肺鳞癌细胞的分化、淋巴结转移及预后的有价值的指标。     

青春期糖尿病雄鼠血清和性腺血管紧张素转换酶活性变化

４０日龄雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠２１只，分为对照（Ｃ）组，腹腔内注射赋形剂和糖尿病（Ｄ）组，腹腔内注射链脲菌素（ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｚｏｔｏｃｉｎ，ＳＴＺ），５５ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重，观察６０天。结果表明，Ｄ组大鼠的睾丸、附睾、附睾尾重量显著低于Ｃ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｄ组附睾尾精子计数显著少于Ｃ组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。ＡＣＥ活性测定结果表明，Ｄ组睾丸和附睾尾组织ＡＣＥ活性显著低于Ｃ组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而血清ＡＣＥ显著高于Ｃ组（Ｐ＜０．０１），相关检验显示，附睾重量，附睾尾精子计数与附睾尾ＡＣＥ水平呈显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１），与血清ＡＣＥ呈显著负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

Effect of renal denervation on the compensatory renal growth following nephrectomy in the cat.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of denervation on the mass of the remaining kidney with or without unilateral nephrectomy using adult cats. The animals were divided into 4 groups: (1) control group, the weights of the right and left kidneys were measured intact in 5 cats; (2) nephrectomy group (Nx, n = 5 cats), the right kidney was removed and the left kidney was weighed 3-5 d after nephrectomy; (3) nephrectomy and denervation group (Nx+Dx, n = 7 cats), the left kidney was weighed on the 7th day after surgery in which the left kidney was denervated and the right kidney was removed; and (4) denervation group (Dx+Dx, n = 5 cats), both kidneys were weighed on the 7th day after denervation of the kidneys. In the control group, the left and right kidney weights per body weight (LKW and RKW) were the same (LKW, 0.74 +/- 0.06%; RKW, 0. 74 +/- 0.07%). In the Nx group, LKW increased to 0.90 +/- 0.03% 3-5 d after nephrectomy, although RKW of the removed kidney was 0.66 +/- 0.01%. In the Nx+Dx group, LKW increased to 0.97 +/- 0.15%, which was similar to that of the Nx group. In the Dx+Dx group, LKW (0.56 +/- 0.05%) and RKW (0.54 +/- 0.05%) were significantly less than those in the control group. We conclude that the renal nerves may contribute to maintaining the renal mass and that the neural effect on compensatory growth following nephrectomy may be covered by other growth factors.     

Mechanism of renal involvement in the pathogenesis of experimental neurogenic hypertension

Summary Renin content of the kidneys and renal blood flow were determined in rabbits during the course of hypertension, induced by section of the pressor regulator nerves and after renal denervation, which abolishes neurogenic hypertension. The experiments revealed that trophic nervous influences on the kidneys, necessary for the induction of neurogenic hypertension, result in an excessive production of renin, which takes place in the absence of renal ischemia.Submitted by Active Member of the Academy of Medical Sciences USSR V. N. Chernigovsky     

Renal denervation abolishes the protective effects of ischaemic preconditioning on function and haemodynamics in ischaemia‐reperfused rat kidneys

Studies were conducted to investigate the role of renal sympathetic nerves in the process of acquiring ischaemic tolerance in ischaemic preconditioned ischaemia‐reperfused rat kidneys. Two periods of 3‐min occlusion of bilateral renal arteries was performed prior to 30‐min bilateral ischaemia and 90‐min reperfusion in acute renal denervated or innervated kidneys. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR), fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) and lithium (FELi), and renal blood flow (RBF) were assessed in reperfused kidneys. Ischaemic preconditioning significantly improved values for all these parameters as compared with no treated ischaemia‐reperfused kidneys. Denervation caused slight increase in GFR, diuresis and natriuresis without improving RBF after reperfusion. However, protecting effects of ischaemic preconditioning on renal function were disappeared in denervated kidneys, while in innevated kidneys the effects of ischaemic preconditioning were maintained. These results clearly showed that ischaemic preconditioning pre‐treatment protects kidneys against ischaemia–reperfusion injury, and the effects are, at least in part, mediated by sympathetic nerves, as the protective effects were abolished by denervation.     

Renal denervation abolishes the protective effects of ischaemic preconditioning on function and haemodynamics in ischaemia-reperfused rat kidneys

Studies were conducted to investigate the role of renal sympathetic nerves in the process of acquiring ischaemic tolerance in ischaemic preconditioned ischaemia-reperfused rat kidneys. Two periods of 3-min occlusion of bilateral renal arteries was performed prior to 30-min bilateral ischaemia and 90-min reperfusion in acute renal denervated or innervated kidneys. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR), fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) and lithium (FELi), and renal blood flow (RBF) were assessed in reperfused kidneys. Ischaemic preconditioning significantly improved values for all these parameters as compared with no treated ischaemia-reperfused kidneys. Denervation caused slight increase in GFR, diuresis and natriuresis without improving RBF after reperfusion. However, protecting effects of ischaemic preconditioning on renal function were disappeared in denervated kidneys, while in innervated kidneys the effects of ischaemic preconditioning were maintained. These results clearly showed that ischaemic preconditioning pre-treatment protects kidneys against ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and the effects are, at least in part, mediated by sympathetic nerves, as the protective effects were abolished by denervation.     

Renal sodium reabsorption after acute renal denervation in the rabbit

1. Separate effects on the functions of left and right kidneys were examined after left-sided renal handling and acute denervation. Studies were done on pentobarbital-anaesthetized rabbits using clearance techniques to evaluate renal haemodynamics and water and electrolyte excretion.2. When compared with its counterpart, the handled kidney exhibited some decrease in function for at least 20 min. Recovery of most functions occurred in 40-60 min.3. The effects of denervation on renal functions were observed when the effects of handling had subsided. Renal plasma flow (R.P.F.) and glomerular filtration rate (G.F.R.) were not significantly changed, whereas the decrease in Na, K and water excretion, which was usually observed for no ascertained reason in the innervated kidney, was prevented.4. The magnitude of the denervation natriuresis was greater in these rabbits than in dogs studied previously; other functions studied were comparable in the two species.5. The results from thirty-five experiments are interpreted to indicate that denervation decreases Na reabsorption independently of G.F.R., perhaps by a direct effect on tubular transport, but more probably by a redistribution of filtration to nephrons of lesser reabsorptive capacity.     

Erythropoietin production after renal denervation or beta-adrenergic blockade.

The ability of either beta-adrenergic blockade or bilateral renal denervation to alter erythropoietin (ESF) production in rabbits exposed to hypobaric hypoxia was studied. ESF elaboration during 5 h of exposure to hypoxia was not affected by beta-blockade, but was markedly reduced by prior surgical denervation of both kidneys. After 18 h of hypoxia plasma ESF levels in renal denervated rabbits did not differ significantly from those of sham-operated controls. Previous studies have shown that ESF production during this more prolonged exposure to hypoxia was significantly inhibited by some beta-adrenergic blocking agents. Combined renal denervation and beta-blockade were more effective than renal denervation alone in attenuating ESF production during 5 h of exposure to hypoxia. However, ESF elaboration during 18 h of hypoxia was significantly greater in animals with combined denervation and beta-blockade than in control rabbits. These results suggest the existence of two distinct mechanisms for ESF production in rabbits exposed to hypobaric hypoxia.     

The kidneys and arterial pressure in immature and adult rabbits

1. The effect of stepwise haemorrhage on arterial pressure in adult and immature (9-15 days old) rabbits lightly anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone is described.2. Bethanidine (1 or 3 mg/kg) lowered initial arterial pressure but did not impair the maintenance of arterial pressure in immature or adult rabbits during stepwise haemorrhage.3. Arterial pressure was only slightly lower in nephrectomized than in intact adult rabbits; in some immature rabbits nephrectomy caused a substantial fall of resting arterial pressure. This fall was largest in animals of low body weight and low haematocrit. Nephrectomy reduced the ability of both immature and adult rabbits to maintain arterial pressure during haemorrhage.4. Arterial pressure fell more precipitately on stepwise haemorrhage in adult rabbits in which the carotid sinus and depressor nerves had been cut than in intact rabbits. No such difference was seen in immature rabbits despite the fact that initial arterial pressure was higher in denervated animals at all ages.5. The responses to stepwise haemorrhage were compared in dummy operated and nephrectomized immature and adult rabbits with carotid sinus and depressor nerves cut to minimize changes of sympathetic tone. Under these conditions the presence or absence of kidneys made no significant difference in the response to stepwise bleeding in adult rabbits. In immature rabbits maintenance of arterial pressure was greatly impaired in the absence of the kidneys.6. The results suggest that a pressor mechanism of renal origin may be relatively more important in the maintenance of arterial pressure in the face of haemorrhage in immature than in adult rabbits.7. Resting arterial pressure in small and anaemic immature rabbits may partly depend on the presence of the kidneys. At birth arterial pressure is higher in rabbits of higher haematocrit but this relationship reverses in the second week of life when the haematocrit level is falling.     

家兔子宫传入神经节段分布的研究

用雌兔５只，用ＨＲＰ法对家兔子宫传入神经在脊神经节的分布进行了研究，光镜观察结果，有３只雌兔出现标记细胞于Ｔ１０－Ｓ４脊神经节内，分布节段以腰部最多，其中以Ｌ４最集中，实验中发现，注射一侧子宫体标记细胞主要在同侧，但对侧也有标记细胞。同、对侧出现细胞之比为４：１，说明有交叉现象。     

Proliferation of arteriovenous anastomoses in the developing rabbit ear is enhanced after denervation

The innervation of the rabbit ear vasculature by noradrenergic and substance P-immunoreactive (SP-IR) nerves was investigated in both young and adult animals. All vascular segments were supplied by both noradrenergic and SP-IR nerves. In the ear margins, the arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs) were more densely innervated than other vessels. In general, the density of both noradrenergic and SP-IR nerves increased with age until 10–12 weeks postnatum. The ear vasculature was denervated in young rabbits to test whether the normal proliferation of AVAs in the growing ear was altered in the absence of nerves. Surgical resection of all auricular nerve trunks except the auricular branch of the auriculo-temporal nerve, and removal of the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion in 10- to 12-day-old rabbits left the ear devoid of both noradrenergic and SP-IR nerves for at least four weeks. Repeated administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to young rabbits produced degeneration of noradrenergic terminal axons, but preterminal nerve trunks survived. SP-IR nerves did not appear to be affected by 6-OHDA. These denervaton regimes resulted in a 1.5- to 2-fold increase in the number of AVAs formed in the growing ear. Surgical denervation and 6-OHDA treatment also led to retarded growth of the media of the central ear artery, but this effect of 6-OHDA was probably not due to a specific action on vascular smooth muscle. Surgical resection of most of the dorsal auricular nerves in adult rabbits did not affect AVA density. Large differences in AVA density were apparent between groups of control animals from different parts of the country, or groups examined at different times of the year. These results demonstrate that the labile nature of AVAs in the rabbit ear can result in considerable variability in the absolute number of AVAs and suggest that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors may influence development of the microvasculature.     

Renal nerves in renal adaptation to dietary sodium restriction

To assess the physiologic importance of the renal nerves in the renal mechanisms for the maintenance of body sodium balance, renal adaptation to normal and low sodium diet was evaluated in conscious Sprague-Dawley male rats before and 8 days after recovery from bilateral surgical-pharmacological renal denervation. Renal denervation was confirmed in every rat at the end of the study by absence of renal vasoconstriction to splanchnic nerve stimulation and loss of renal tissue norepinephrine content. Daily sodium balance, defined as the difference between dietary sodium intake and urinary sodium excretion, was positive with the normal sodium diet before and after bilateral renal denervation. Prior to bilateral renal denervation, changing to the low sodium diet was associated with a diminishingly negative sodium balance for 3 days that became progressively positive thereafter. After bilateral renal denervation, changing to the low sodium diet was associated with a continuous and progressively negative sodium balance. We conclude that intact renal innervation is required for normal renal sodium conservation and maintenance of body sodium balance during dietary sodium restriction.