Primary serous papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum: CT findings

AIM: To describe the computed tomography (CT) findings of primary serous papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The clinical data and imaging studies of 36 women aged 37-85 years with primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty-seven patients presented with general abdominal complaints; all had elevated levels of CA-125. Thirty-two women were post-menopausal, four had had bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. RESULTS: The most common findings on pre-operative abdominal CT, performed in 30 patients, were a variable amount of ascites (n = 29), omental involvement (n = 28), irregular parietal peritoneum thickening (n = 22) and mural thickening of the sigmoid colon (n = 10). Thoracic findings included enlarged cardiophrenic nodes (n = 15) and pleural effusion (n = 11). Six patients had unilateral or bilateral adnexal masses of soft tissue density, which proved to be surface serous papillary carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Diffuse peritoneal disease on CT in patients with normal-sized ovaries or following bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, with elevated level of serum CA-125, but without an identifiable primary tumour, should suggest the diagnosis of primary serous papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum. Associated adnexal masses or focal bowel wall thickening may be seen, representing surface involvement by this tumour.     

Primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum: CT-pathologic correlation

We present the CT findings of three cases of primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum. All patients presented with massive ascites. CT of the abdomen and pelvis showed omental caking in all patients. The parietal peritoneum of the pelvis showed diffuse enhancement with nodular thickening in all patients. No calcification was noted in the omental and parietal peritoneal masses, although psammoma bodies were present microscopically in one case. The ovaries were normal in size but showed a fine enhancing surface nodularity similar to the pelvic peritoneum. The CT findings of primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum are nonspecific, but this diagnosis should be considered when peritoneal carcinomatosis is seen on CT with normal-sized ovaries in the absence of other primary malignant neoplasms.     

Primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum: four cases and review of computed tomography findings

Primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum is an uncommon primary malignancy of the peritoneum and is histologically indistinguishable from papillary serous carcinoma of the ovary. The diagnosis of primary peritoneal papillary serous carcinoma should be considered in the presence of peritoneal and omental masses in the absence of an ovarian mass. Although it has been extensively documented in the pathological and gynaecological oncology literature, the CT appearance of primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum has been reported in only 51 cases in five reports. We present four patients with CT findings of pathologically proven primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum. There were a total of 23 patients with a histopathologically proven diagnosis of primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum between 1980 and 2002 with CT imaging. However, only four of the 23 patients' CT films were retrieved for retrospective evaluation. The rest of the films were not available as either patients had misplaced the films or patients were deceased.     

Serous surface papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings in 11 patients

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to describe the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings of serous surface papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum in 11 patients. CONCLUSION: Serous surface papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum should be included in the differential diagnosis when ascites, omental caking, and peritoneal nodules or enhancement are observed in a postmenopausal woman with or without ovarian enlargement.     

Ovarian serous surface papillary borderline tumors form sea anemone-like masses

Purpose

To clarify the imaging characteristics of ovarian serous surface papillary borderline tumor (SSPBT), whose prognosis is far better than that of serous surface papillary adenocarcinoma (SSPC).

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and imaging findings of six cases (age range, 26–58 years; mean, 43 years) with SSPBT encountered at our institute from 1996 to 2008.

Results

Serum levels of CA125 were elevated, and they were clinically suspected to have ovarian cancer. All masses were almost entirely solid and showed hyperintense papillary architecture with hypointense internal branching on T2‐weighted MRI. Five patients had peritoneal implants, and two had lymph node enlargement, and all tumors were accompanied by ascites. In all cases, contralateral ovaries had cystic masses with mural nodules or mixed solid and cystic masses, of which the solid part was similar to the contralateral mass. No evidence of recurrence was noted at a follow‐up of >12 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

SSPBT, which has more favorable prognosis than those of flank ovarian carcinoma, is characterized by a solid mass with papillary architecture and internal branching resembling a sea anemone on MR. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Peritoneal carcinomatosis: image-guided peritoneal core biopsy for tumor type and patient care

PURPOSE: To assess image-guided peritoneal core biopsy for the diagnosis of tumor type and treatment of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five women (age range, 47-85 years; mean age, 69 years) prospectively identified in a gynecologic oncology center underwent 18-gauge core biopsy in omental cake (n = 25), peritoneal (n = 7), or adnexal (n = 3) sites. No complications of biopsy occurred. Standard hematoxylin-eosin analysis of the biopsy cores was supplemented by immunohistochemical markers to CA-125, carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin 7, and cytokeratin 20. Diagnoses were validated with further multidisciplinary review, subsequent surgery, and response to specific chemotherapy. RESULTS: In 27 (77%) of the 35 women, a confident primary site diagnosis was obtained with standard hematoxylin-eosin analysis of core biopsy material from the following sites: ovary (n = 22), breast (n = 2), colon (n = 2), and lymphoma (n = 1). The finding at hematoxylin-eosin analysis in another seven (20%) women was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with no definite primary site but with an immunohistochemical profile suggesting ovarian cancer (CA-125 positive, carcinoembryonic antigen negative, cytokeratin 7 positive, cytokeratin 20 negative). There was one false-negative biopsy result. CONCLUSION: Image-guided peritoneal core biopsy with hematoxylin-eosin analysis supplemented with immunohistochemical analysis is a simple, safe, and accurate technique for providing site-specific diagnoses in women with undiagnosed peritoneal carcinomatosis.     

结核性腹膜炎的CT表现及其病理学基础

目的　探讨结核性腹膜炎的CT表现特点及其病理基础。方法　 2 1例经病理和临床证实的结核性腹膜炎病例 ,主要观察( 1)腹水性质及解剖分布 ;( 2 )系膜、网膜、腹膜改变的CT表现形式 ;( 3)淋巴结肿大及其增强情况。结果　 ( 1)腹水 18例 ,高密度腹水 15例 ( >2 0HU) ,3例低密度腹水 ( <2 0HU) ,6例为包裹性积液。 ( 2 )系膜改变为增厚、结节状、污秽状 ,共 2 1例。 ( 3)饼状网膜肿块 5例 ,网膜点条状、污秽样改变 8例。 ( 4 )腹膜增厚 15例 (腹膜光滑 13例 ,腹膜结节 2例 )。 ( 5 )淋巴结肿大 9例 ,7例并见环状强化。结论　腹膜、网膜、系膜的改变伴高密度腹水 ,环状强化的肿大淋巴结 ,常可作出结核性腹膜炎的诊断。     

CT findings and serum ca 125 levels in malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: report of 11 new cases and review of the literature

The aim of this study was to review and reappraise the clinical and CT features of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM), and to discuss differential diagnosis. The history, clinical, and laboratory data, and imaging studies of 11 patients with a histologically proven diagnosis of MPM, were retrospectively reviewed. Our patients consisted of 7 women and 4 men, with a median age of 48 years (age range 40-55 years). There was a definite history of significant asbestos exposure in 6 patients. Abdominal swelling (9 of 11) was the most common presenting symptom. The mean serum CA-125 (normal value 1.2-32 U/ml) level was 230 U/ml (range 19-1000 U/ml). The most common radiological findings were extensive or moderate amounts ascites (11 of 11), irregular or nodular peritoneal thickening (11 of 11), omental involvement (10 of 11), mesentery involvement (9 of 11), pleural thickening, plaques or calcification (7 of 11), pleural effusion (6 of 11), and bowel wall thickening (5 of 11). Two patients had large upper abdominal masses. Computed tomography findings of MPM are nonspecific and inadequate to pinpoint specific diagnosis. The diagnosis requires histological demonstration which is commonly made by an image or laparoscopic-guided biopsy. Pleural changes suggesting asbestosis combined with CT findings and high CA-125 levels can suggest, but are not diagnostic of, mesothelioma. Suggesting the diagnosis of MPM is important because histological and immunohistochemical tests are needed for diagnostic accuracy.     

Role of CT in the management of recurrent ovarian cancer

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential role of preoperative CT in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer who undergo secondary cytoreductive surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative CT examinations of 36 consecutive patients (age range, 30-75 years; mean age, 55 years) were reviewed retrospectively. Patients had recurrent ovarian cancer and secondary cytoreduction within a mean CT-surgery interval of 22 days (range, 2-69 days). The CT findings recorded were upper abdominal metastases (e.g., peritoneal carcinomatosis; perihepatic, perisplenic, gastrohepatic or gastrosplenic ligaments; gallbladder fossa; falciform ligament; lesser sac), lymphadenopathy (above or below the renal hilum), liver metastasis, large- and small-bowel obstruction, hydronephrosis, ascites, and the presence of a pelvic mass. CT findings and cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) levels were correlated with surgical resectability. RESULTS: At surgery, tumors in 27 patients were optimally debulked (residual disease of 相似文献   

CT appearance of primary peritoneal serous borderline tumour: a rare epithelial tumour of the peritoneum

Primary peritoneal serous borderline tumour (PPSBT) is a rare epithelial neoplasm which is histologically identical to serous borderline tumour of the ovary. PPSBT is distinguishable from primary peritoneal serous carcinoma because the tumour cells do not invade the underlying tissue and affected patients have a good prognosis. We report the CT findings of surgically proven PPSBT in which multiple peritoneal cysts were seen. Although rare, PPSBT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of primary peritoneal tumours. Since the prognosis of the disease is good, conservation of the uterus and ovaries should be a consideration in young female patients during surgery.     

结核性与恶性腹膜弥漫性病变的^18F-FDG PET/CT影像特征分析

目的 分析结核性与恶性腹膜弥漫性病变的^18F-FDG PET/CT表现,探讨PET/CT的诊断及鉴别诊断价值.方法 回顾性对比分析经病理和（或）临床证实的10例结核性腹膜炎、29例恶性腹膜病变（包括13例原发性腹膜浆液性乳头状腺癌、16例腹膜转移癌）的^18F-FDG PET/CT表现.观察和记录指标：（1）壁腹膜、大网膜、肠系膜的受累情况;（2）腹腔积液情况;（3）淋巴结改变;（4）其他脏器伴随征象.对结核组与恶性组的受累腹膜^18F-FDG代谢程度、腹腔积液密度及^18F-FDG浓聚程度差异行两样本t检验.结果 结核性腹膜炎多为壁腹膜弥漫均匀增厚伴大网膜及肠系膜“污迹样”改变,^18F-FDG分布较均匀;恶性腹膜病变多为壁腹膜、大网膜及肠系膜明显不规则增厚,呈多发结节状及饼状改变,^18F-FDG分布不均匀.两组受累腹膜^18F-FDG代谢均增高,结核性腹膜炎SUVmax为12.74±9.75,恶性腹膜病变SUVmax为12.45±7.40,两者之间的差异无统计学意义（t=0.099,P＞0.05）.恶性腹膜病变患者腹腔积液密度低于结核性腹膜炎患者,恶性腹膜病变患者的CT值为（11.34±3.55）HU、结核性腹膜炎患者的CT值为（14.4±2.37）HU,两者之间的差异有统计学意义（t=2.53,P＜0.05）;腹腔积液^18F-FDG浓聚程度高于结核性腹膜炎患者,恶性腹膜病变患者SUVmax为2.10±0.65、结核性腹膜炎患者SUVmax为1.61±0.35,两者之间的差异有统计学意义（t=-2.278,P＜0.05）;恶性腹膜病变患者T/NT为0.77±0.18、结核性腹膜炎患者T/NT为0.58±0.12,两者之间的差异有统计学意义（t=-3.084,P＜0.05）.结论 ^18F-FDG PET/CT显像可同时显示腹膜病变的形态学和功能代谢改变,并全面显示其他脏器的伴随征象,综合分析其特征,有助于提高病变的诊断准确率.     

18F-FDG PET/CT对腹膜良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值

目的 分析腹膜病变的18F-FDG PET/CT的代谢和形态特点,探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在腹膜良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性分析经18F-FDG PET/CT检查腹膜有病变的病人70例,男22例,女48例,平均年龄(58.20±13.18)岁。根据病理结果将病人分为恶性组(61例)和良性组(9例)。记录腹膜病变最大标准化摄取值(SUV_max),FDG代谢分布特征、大网膜挛缩、病灶大小及边界,测量腹水CT值、SUV_max及腹腔积液SUVmax/肝脏SUV_max的比值(即T/NT值)。2组间非正态分布的计量资料采用Mann-Whitney U检验进行比较,采用连续校正卡方检验或Fisher确切概率检验对计数资料进行差异性分析。结果 与良性组相比,恶性组大网膜更易出现挛缩,呈不规则状及条状改变(P<0.05),且大网膜及肠系膜FDG代谢摄取多呈局限性改变(均P<0.05);肿块样病变(>3 cm)只在恶性组中出现,大网膜、小网膜、肠系膜、盆腔腹膜的病灶中大结节(>5 mm)病变占比更...     

结核性腹膜炎的CT表现

目的 描述结核性腹膜炎（ｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌｏｕｓ ｐｅｒｉｔｏｎｉｔｉｓ,ＴＢＰ）的ＣＴ表现特点．方法 共１９例病理证实了的ＴＢＰ。主要观察以下ＣＴ表现：（１）腹膜增厚表现为污迹腹膜（１８例）、饼状大网膜（５例）和腹膜结节（３例）,这３种表现可单纯存在也可并存;（２）腹水１７例,其中高密度腹水（〉２０ＨＵ）４例,余为低密度腹水（〈２０ＨＵ）;（３）只有２例可见明确的腹腔淋巴结肿大,增强扫描无强化。结     

多层螺旋CT检查在腹膜转移瘤诊断中的价值

目的：探讨腹膜转移瘤的影像学表现。方法：回顾性分析42例腹膜转移瘤的影像学表现,并与手术病理结果对照。结果：腹膜转移瘤常见表现为腹水（34/42）,多为中到大量腹水（22例）;网膜改变,包括网膜饼形增厚（13/42例）、网膜结节灶（7/42例）、网膜污垢样密度影（13/42例）、网膜囊样改变（4/42例）;腹膜改变（31/42例）;肠系膜污垢样改变（14/42例）及结节状改变（4/42例）;小肠壁增厚和肠管移位。结论：多层螺旋CT扫描是诊断腹膜转移灶的重要影像学方法。     

Ultrasonography of peritoneal tumors.

Peritoneal masses arising from different types of primary carcinoma were studied ultrasonographically in 34 patients as well as with computed tomography in 3 patients. In shape, the masses were nodular, mantle- or sheetlike, or irregular. The peritoneal line was usually obliterated unless the mass was very small. When a considerable amount of ascites was present, peritoneal implants as small as 2-3 mm could be delineated.     

CT findings of lymphoma with peritoneal, omental and mesenteric involvement: peritoneal lymphomatosis

Purpose

We aimed to describe computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with peritoneal, omental and mesenteric lymphoma involvement.

Materials and methods

We searched our archive retrospectively to find out patients with peritoneal, omental and mesenteric lymphoma involvement. We found 16 patients with non-hodgkin lymphoma meeting these criteria. CT studies of these patients were reevaluated for the presence of peritoneal involvement, ascites, omental mass, organomegaly, retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, bowel wall thickening and other associated findings.

Results

There were 14 males and 2 females with peritoneal and/or mesenteric and omental lymphoma involvement. Mean age was 39 (range 4-76). Subgroups of non-hodgkin lymphoma were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 11), small cell lymphocytic lymphoma (n = 2), small cleaved cell lymphoma (n = 1), T-cell lymphoma (n = 1) and Burkitt's lymphoma (n = 1). Peritoneal involvement was seen in 15 patients (93.8%) in the form of linear (n = 12) and nodular (n = 3) thickening. Ascites was seen in 12 (75%) patients. Omental and mesenteric masses were present in 10 (66.6%) and 10 (66.6%) patients, respectively. Bowel wall thickening, retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly were also common and observed in 10, 10 and 11 patients, respectively. Solid organ involvement in the form of liver and splenic lesions was seen in 9 (56%) patients.

Conclusion

Peritoneal involvement can be seen in many subtypes of lymphoma and most frequently in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Peritoneal lymphomatosis can mimic peritoneal carcinomatosis and should be included in the differential diagnosis list in patients with ascites, hepatosplenic lesions and unidentified cause of peritoneal thickening on CT in a male patient.     

Extensive peritoneal and omental lymphomatosis with raised CA 125 mimicking carcinomatosis: CT and intraoperative findings

Diffuse peritoneal and omental seeding are well-known forms of dissemination of metastatic carcinoma. A wide variety of primary neoplasms may cause peritoneal and omental carcinomatosis, most commonly carcinomas of the ovary, gastrointestinal tract and breast. Extensive involvement of the peritoneal cavity with lymphoma is, however, rare. The association of peritoneal lymphoma with a raised CA 125, a tumour marker which is commonly raised in ovarian carcinoma, is a highly challenging clinical situation, which to our knowledge has not been published before in the medical literature. Not being aware of the possibility of this unusual combination of clinical, laboratory and imaging findings can lead to an erroneous diagnosis, as in our case.     

The MRI findings in a case of ovarian mucinous borderline tumor mimicking a serous surface borderline tumor

Exophytic papillary growth from the surface epithelium is one of the features suggesting serous surface borderline tumors of the ovary in which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) typically shows a hyperintense papillary mass with a hypointense internal branching structure on T2-weighted images. We herein report a case of an endocervical-like mucinous borderline tumor of the ovary, which showed an exophytic papillary growth pattern on MRI as well as pathology. Such a growth pattern is known to be characteristic of serous borderline tumors, but it should be noted that it could also be a finding in mucinous borderline tumors.     

Peritoneal calcification: causes and distinguishing features on CT

OBJECTIVE: We undertook this study to determine the causes of peritoneal calcification seen on CT and to investigate which CT features distinguish benign from malignant peritoneal calcification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients with peritoneal calcification were identified through retrospective review of reports from 74765 abdominopelvic CT examinations performed during a 7-year period. We determined the cause of peritoneal calcification by examining medical and histopathologic records. Calcification morphology was classified as nodular or sheetlike on the basis of the consensus interpretation by two independent radiologists. The radiologists also recorded the presence or absence of associated soft-tissue components or lymph node calcification. The association between the CT findings and the cause of calcification was assessed using chi-square analysis. RESULTS: Peritoneal calcification was due to peritoneal dialysis (n = 4), prior peritonitis (n = 3), cryptogenic origin (n = 1), or peritoneal spread of ovarian carcinoma (n = 9). Sheet-like calcification was more common in patients with benign calcification (seven of eight patients) than in those with malignant calcification (two of nine patients, p < 0.05). Nodal calcification was seen only in patients with malignant calcification (five of nine patients vs none of eight, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Common causes of peritoneal calcification are dialysis, prior peritonitis, or ovarian cancer; sheetlike calcification indicates a benign cause, whereas associated lymph node calcification strongly suggests malignancy.     

Peritoneal Lymphomatosis Imaged by F-18 FDG PET/CT

Peritoneal lymphomatosis is uncommon, but when encountered is associated with aggressive histological subtypes of high-grade lymphoma, such as small-cell, large-cell, mixed large and small cell, non-cleaved, lymphoblastic Burkitt-like, and diffuse large B cell lymphomas. The CT findings of peritoneal lymphomatosis are linear or nodular peritoneal thickening, retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, omental and mesenteric involvement with streak-like infiltrations or a bulky mass, bowel wall thickening, hepatosplenomegaly, and ascites. The authors report the first FDG PET/CT images of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of small bowel origin associated with peritoneal lymphomatosis in a 69-year-old man. The lesions demonstrated intense FDG uptake in PET/CT images.