全髋置换治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节高度屈曲强直畸形

[目的]探讨强直性脊柱炎髋关节高度屈曲强直畸形患者行全髋关节置换术的方法和疗效.[方法]21例(29髋)强直性脊柱炎髋关节高度屈曲强直畸形患者行全髋关节置换术, 男20例(28髋),女1例(1髋);年龄21～49岁,平均32.4岁;病程3～32年,平均15.6年;屈曲强直畸形30°～95°,平均58.6°;单侧13例, 双侧8例;15例(23髋)合并髋关节骨性强直.采用髋关节Watson-Jones外侧切口,生物型假体17例(22髋),骨水泥型假体4例(7髋).采用Harris评分对术前及术后髋关节功能进行评价.[结果]21例患者术后平均随访4.5年,髋关节功能均明显改善,Harris评分由术前平均21.7分提高到术后平均83.2分.髋关节屈曲畸形矫正,29个髋关节总活动度(屈伸、内收、外展、内旋、外旋等6个方向活动总和)由术前平均7°增加为术后平均196°.术后髋痛消失, 膝痛、腰骶痛明显改善,步态恢复正常, 生活能自理.[结论]全髋关节置换术是治疗强直性脊柱炎合并髋关节高度屈曲强直畸形一种有效的方法.     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直

目的探讨全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直的临床效果。方法对11例强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直患者（22髋）进行全髋关节置换术,术后行踝关节及足趾屈伸等功能锻练。结果术后髋关节活动度明显改善,屈曲畸形基本矫正。11例均获随访,时间2-6年。未出现关节脱位和假体松动。Harris评分由术前9-58（36±9.8）分提高到末次随访时64-94（81.2±10.6）分,优13髋,良6髋,中3髋。结论全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直能显著改善髋关节功能,矫正髋关节畸形,近期疗效满意。     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎晚期髋关节严重畸形

目的：总结全髋人工关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎晚期髋关节严重畸形的临床疗效。方法：随访1992年至2005年采用全髋人工关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎晚期严重髋关节畸形33例共计45个髋关节,比较手术前后疼痛指数、畸形角度、关节活动范围、单腿负重能力改变及术后并发症。结果：27个髋关节术后无疼痛,疼痛指数平均下降1.0级;术髋屈曲畸形角度平均改善44.17°;术后关节活动度平均改善58.4°;31个手术关节可单腿负重。有22个关节出现不同程度股骨头假体下陷,1例患者于假体安装后因暴力复位导致坐骨神经挫伤,术后8个月恢复。结论：应用全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎晚期髋关节严重畸形的中期临床疗效比较满意。     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节骨性强直的初步报告

目的探讨全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis,AS）致髋关节骨性强直的疗效。方法1998年3月至2006年6月,应用全髋关节置换术治疗AS致髋关节骨性强直患者12例16髋,男8例11髋,女4例5髋;年龄28～46岁,平均32岁。髋关节活动度均为0°,屈髋畸形10°～30°,AS发病至髋关节出现严重畸形的时间为5～9年,平均6．3年。对术前、术后的髋关节Harris评分和VAS疼痛评分进行评估,并记录髋关节活动度《结暴患者均获得随访,随访时间12—48个月,平均26个月。髋关节Harris评分由术前的15～34分,平均（23．2土3．1）分,增至术后的57—91分,平均（75．4±5．3）分,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P=0．0137）。所有患者髋关节疼痛完全缓解,VAS疼痛评分由术前的6—9分,平均（7．3±1．1）分,改善至术后的0～3分,平均（1．14-0．7）分,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P=0．0085）。术后髋关节活动度为前屈80°～105°,平均85．5°;后伸5°-15°,平均9．5°,畸形消失。结论全髋关节置换术是治疗AS致髋关节骨性强直的有效方法。     

强直性脊柱炎髋屈曲挛缩畸形的全髋关节置换术

目的观察对强直性脊柱炎髋屈曲挛缩畸形实施全髋关节置换术的临床效果。方法自1998年7月～2005年9月,对18例(36髋)强直性脊柱炎髋屈曲挛缩畸形患者行全髋关节置换术。术后平均随访3.2年,对手术前后疼痛、活动度、畸形矫正等进行了对比。结果术后除6侧髋关节轻度疼痛外,其余均无疼痛。关节活动度明显增加,Harris评分由术前平均31分改善为76分(配对t检验P<0.1)。结论全髋关节置换术是治疗严重的强直性脊柱炎髋屈曲挛缩畸形的有效方法。     

双侧全髋关节置换治疗强直性脊柱炎性髋关节强直

目的观察强直性脊柱炎性髋关节强直行双侧全髋关节置换术的效果,并对术中常见问题的处理进行探讨。方法通过对16例(32髋)强直性脊柱炎性髋关节强直行全髋关节置换术,对手术前后髋关节功能的改善情况进行对比研究。结果关节活动度由术前0°改善为平均68°,髋关节屈曲畸形由术前平均42°改善为8°,术后所有患者生活均可自理。结论全髋关节置换术是治疗强直性脊柱炎性髋关节强直的有效方法。     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变

目的探讨全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变的效果。方法对20例(27髋)强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变患者行人工全髋关节置换手术。置换前患者日常活动均明显受限,其中需要使用助行器7例,生活完全不能自理4例,8例(11髋)关节强直。比较手术前后髋关节Harris评分和关节活动度及术后并发症。1例患者后期行脊柱后凸矫形术。结果全部病例获得随访,平均随访时间4.2年(1.2~7.8年)。最后一次随访,23髋(85.2%)疼痛完全消失;仅有1例仍需双拐辅助行走,其余患者均可不扶拐行走,步态正常。术前Harris评分平均14.9分,髋关节活动度平均40°。术后Harris评分平均82.9分,其中优8髋,良10髋,可7髋,差2髋,优良率74.1%;髋关节活动度平均190.5°;髋关节Harris评分及关节活动度均显著高于置换前(P0.05)。4髋(7.4%)出现异位骨化,分别为Brooker分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级。假体无菌性松动1例。结论全髋关节置换术是治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变的有效手段,可以缓解关节疼痛,恢复关节功能,改善患者生活质量。     

强直性脊柱炎髋屈曲挛缩畸形的全髋关节置换术

目的：观察对于强直性脊柱炎髋屈曲挛缩畸形实施全髋关节置换术的临床效果。方法：自1998年7月至2005年9月对18例（36髋）强直性脊柱炎髋屈曲挛缩畸形的患者行全髋关节置换术,术后平均随访3．2年,对手术前后疼痛、活动度、畸形矫正等进行了对比。结果：术后除6侧关节轻度疼痛外,其余关节均无疼痛。关节活动度明显增加,Harris评分由术前平均31分改善为76分（配对t检验,P〈0．1）。结论：全髋关节置换术是治疗严重的强直性脊柱炎髋屈曲挛缩畸形的一种有效的方法。     

全髋置换治疗强直性脊柱炎并严重屈髋畸形疗效分析

目的探讨全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎并髋关节屈曲强直畸形患者的方法和疗效。方法对7例（12髋）强直性脊柱炎并髋关节强直畸形患者行全髋关节置换术,术后规范功能锻炼,定期临床随访。其中男4例（8髋）,女3例（4髋）;年龄28~52岁,病程4~28年。屈曲强直畸形35°~85°,平均62.83°。本组3例6髋采用髋关节前外侧切口,余均采用后外侧切口,均采用生物型假体。Harris评分对术前及术后髋关节功能进行评价。结果所有患者切口均一期临床愈合。7例均获得随访,时间1年至3年2个月。5髋出现异位骨化,但对功能无明显影响,早期无感染、脱位、血管神经损伤、深静脉栓塞等并发症。术后髋关节活动度明显改善,Harris评分由术前平均28分提高到术后平均79.33分。影像学检查假体位置良好。术后髋痛消失,膝痛、腰骶痛明显改善,步态恢复正常,生活能自理。结论全髋关节置换术是治疗强直性脊柱炎严重屈髋畸形的有效方法。     

强直性脊柱炎髋关节非功能位骨性强直的人工全髋关节置换

[目的]探讨强直性脊柱炎髋关节非功能位骨性强直的患者行人工全髋关节置换效果的因素,包括手术时机、手术方式、假体选择等。[方法]2011年1月~2014年1月对14例强直性脊柱炎导致髋关节非功能位骨性强直的患者行人工全髋关节置换术,其中男12例23髋,女2例3髋;年龄18~45岁,术前Harris评分平均28分。[结果]14例患者均获得随访,平均随访时间24个月。假体位置良好,无脱位等情况,活动度良好。[结论]对于强直性脊柱炎髋关节非功能位骨性强直的患者应尽早进行手术,应用生物型假体及精确的手术技术,可以获得良好的效果。     

全髋关节置换术后关节不稳的处理策略

正对于晚期关节炎,全髋关节置换可明显减少疼痛,提高患者的功能,具有较高的满意度和较低的手术并发症[1-2]。全髋关节置换的目标是无痛,活动时关节稳定,获得最大限度的活动范围,没有撞击和下肢长度尽量相等[3]。术后一个重要的并发症就是关节不稳,这是引起关节翻修的原因之一。     

Total hip arthroplasty for developmental hip dysplasia

We reviewed 38 hip replacements in 33 female patients (mean age 55.3 years) with developmental hip dysplasia. One patient had died and the remaining 32 patients (36 hips) had a mean follow-up of 12.2 years (range 8–19 years). All hips were replaced using the Müller cemented implant, and in 32 hips bulk femoral head autograft was used. In 33 hips the socket was reconstructed at the level of the true acetabulum. Complications included one intra-operative femoral fracture and two early dislocations. Correction of leg length discrepancy was possible in 30 patients. The post-operative mean modified Merle d’Aubigne and Postel scores for pain, movement and walking were 5.9, 5, and 5.3 respectively. One cup was revised due to aseptic loosening at ten years. All grafts united, but minor graft resorption was noticed in 24 hips, moderate in 2 hips and major in 1 hip.

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Résumé Nous avons examiné 38 remplacements prothétiques de la hanche chez 33 femmes (age moyen 55,3 ans) avec une dysplasie de la hanche. Une patiente était décédée et les 32 autres (36 hanches) avaient un suivi moyen de 12,2 ans ( 8 à 19). Toutes les hanches ont eu un implant type Müller cimenté et pour 32 une autogreffe massive de tête fémorale a été utilisé. Pour 33 hanches la cavité a été reconstruite au niveau du paléo-cotyle. Les complications comprenaient une fracture fémorale opératoire et deux luxations précoces. La correction de l’inégalité de longueur des membres inférieurs était obtenue chez 30 malades. Le score postopératoire modifié de Merle d’Aubigné et Postel pour la douleur, la mobilité et la marche étaient en moyenne de 5,9, 5 et 5,3 respectivement. Une cupule a été révisée pour un descellement aseptique à 10 ans. Toutes les greffes ont consolidé, mais une résorption mineure de la greffe a été remarquée dans 24 hanches, une résorption modéré dans deux hanches et majeure dans une.

     

The infected hip after total hip arthroplasty

We studied the cases of fifty-two patients with an infection at the site of a prosthetic total hip replacement, and are reporting the significant clinical features, infecting organisms, methods of treatment, and results at long-term follow-up. Forty-eight per cent of the hips had had an operation prior to the index arthroplasty, and 42 per cent had a wound complication. All patients had pain in the infected hip, but only 54 per cent had an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of more than thirty millimeters per hour, 44 per cent had fever, and 15 per cent had leukocytosis. In 88 per cent of the patients a single organism was grown on culture, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were present in about 75 per cent. When antibiotic therapy alone was the initial treatment, the infection was eradicated in only one patient. Excisional arthroplasty was the definitive surgical procedure in thirty-three patients and the infection was eradicated in twenty-seven of them, but the clinical result was satisfactory in only twenty. Of ten patients who had a true Girdlestone arthroplasty, none had recurrence of the infection and all had a clinically satisfactory outcome.     

Total hip arthroplasty for congenital hip disease

BACKGROUND: It is generally agreed that the clinical and radiographic results of total hip replacement performed for degenerative arthritis secondary to congenital hip disease vary depending on the severity of the anatomical abnormality. In this study, we report the mid-term and long-term clinical and radiographic results of total hip arthroplasty performed for each of the three different types of congenital hip disease. METHODS: Between 1976 and 1994, the senior author performed 229 consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties in 168 patients with osteoarthritis secondary to congenital hip disease. Seventy-six hips were dysplastic, sixty-nine had a low dislocation, and eighty-four had a high dislocation. The Charnley low-friction technique was performed in 178 hips, and the so-called hybrid technique was performed in forty-six hips. Cementless arthroplasty was used in only five hips. RESULTS: After a minimum of seven years of follow-up, the rates of revision of the acetabular components were 15% in the dysplastic hips, 21% in the hips with a low dislocation, and 14% in those with a high dislocation. The rates of revision of the femoral components were 14%, 14%, and 16%, respectively. Survivorship analysis predicted an overall rate of prosthetic survival at fifteen years of 88.8% +/- 4.8% in the dysplastic hips, 73.9% +/- 7.2% in the hips with a low dislocation, and 76.4% +/- 8.1% in those with a high dislocation. CONCLUSIONS: An understanding of the anatomical abnormalities and the use of appropriate techniques and implants make total hip arthroplasty feasible for treatment of the three types of congenital hip disease. In patients with a low dislocation, the major technical problem is reconstruction of the natural acetabulum. In those with a high dislocation, the challenge is to place the acetabular component inside the reconstructed true acetabulum and to use an appropriate femoral implant in the hypoplastic narrow femoral diaphysis.     

Total hip arthroplasty after arthrodesis of the hip joint

The results of 15 conversions of a hip arthrodesis into a total hip arthroplasty performed in the years 1980-1995 are reported. Fifteen patients (8 men, 7 women) underwent total hip arthroplasty 30.9 (range 2-61) years after spontaneous or operative fusion of a hip joint. The primary indications of the conversion were low-back pain (n = 10), knee pain (n = 2) and hip problems (n = 3). At follow-up examination 5.4 (range 2-13.3) years postoperatively, the Harris Hip Score averaged 86.0 (range 70.1-99.0). Six patients were pain-free, 7 had less pain, 2 felt no improvement of pain. All patients confirmed that they would undergo the operation again. The Trendelenburg sign was negative or mild in 8 patients and moderate to severe in 7. Aseptic loosening of 2 stems (1 cemented, 1 cementless) and 2 deep infections required revision surgery. We conclude that this operation can lead to satisfactory results even after a long duration of the arthrodesis. However, full function with no pain and a negative Trendelenburg sign could be obtained in only 20% (3/15) of the cases.     

The opposite hip in congenital dislocation of the hip

A retrospective study of the development of the hip opposite a congenitally dislocated hip was carried out to identify at an early age those hips which would develop abnormally. Recognised radiological measurements were used showing the development of the joints with age. The development was compared with that of a control group of normal hips. Single measurements were shown to be unreliable in predicting the development of the hip. A simple hip ratio is proposed which predicts, at an early age and with a high degree of accuracy, the developmental outcome.     

全髋关节置换术髋臼旋转中心的回顾性研究

[目的]通过手术前后对髋臼旋转中心的X线测量，探讨髋臼旋转中心的变化对髋关节平衡稳定性的影响。[方法]追溯调查近年本院收治120例155髋，均为首次行全髋关节置换术患者，对比术前术后双髋关节正位X线片，比较术后髋臼假体的旋转中心（HJC1）与解剖髋臼旋转中心（HJC0）的符合率。[结果]旋转中心恢复者98髋（63．23％）（A组），未恢复者57髋（36．77％）（B组）；A、B两组中因人工髋关节松动、脱位、髋部痛等行髋关节假体翻修术分别为6髋（6．12％）、17髋（29．82％）。[结论]髋臼旋转中心的恢复对人工髋关节置换术后的关节稳定性有直接影响。     

Evaluation of hip pain following cemented total hip arthroplasty

The occurrence of pain following a technically satisfactory cemented total hip arthroplasty is of concern for both the orthopedic surgeon and the patient. In order that the source of the pain be accurately located, a scientific approach is required. We present an algorithm for the evaluation of pain following an apparently satisfactory hip arthroplasty which, if followed, results in the correct diagnosis.     

全髋置换术治疗髋关节发育不良

目的探讨全髋置换术治疗髋关节发育不良(DDH)的手术方法并评价其临床疗效。方法12例DDH患者根据Crowe分型:Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型4例,Ⅳ型2例。全部采用B iom et全髋假体置换。髋臼假体均为生物型固定,股骨假体除2例骨水泥固定,其余为生物型固定。3例髋臼重建利用自体股骨头于髋臼前外方植骨造盖,9例于真臼水平将髋臼内移;3例股骨重建于转子下截骨短缩并纠正前倾;Ⅲ、Ⅳ型DDH行关节周围软组织松解。结果患者术后均未出现坐骨神经麻痹、下肢深静脉栓塞、切口感染及早期人工关节脱位等并发症。肢体延长最多4.8 cm,平均2.8 cm。随访6个月~2年,Harris髋关节评分由术前平均40.7分提高到84.5分,未发生人工关节脱位或假体松动。结论对有症状的DDH或强烈要求改善步态的年轻患者,全髋置换术是一种有效的治疗方法。