鱼腥草滴眼液联合奥洛他定滴眼液治疗过敏性结膜炎的临床观察

目的:观察鱼腥草滴眼液联合奥洛他定滴眼液治疗过敏性结膜炎的临床疗效和不良反应。方法:选取过敏性结膜炎患者160例眼,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各80例眼。对照组予以奥洛他定滴眼液进行治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用鱼腥草滴眼液(两药间隔时间>10 min)。两组均连续治疗14d。分别于治疗前、治疗后14d随访观察两组患者的症状体征并进行评分,计算两组患者临床有效率,并观察不良反应发生情况。结果:与治疗前比较,两组患者的症状评分和体征评分均有所下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05),且观察组的症状评分和体征评分较对照组下降更多,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);对照组和观察组治疗后的有效率分别为37.50%和77.50%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:鱼腥草滴眼液联合奥洛他定滴眼液可明显改善过敏性结膜炎患者的临床症状与体征,显著提高疗效,且未出现明显不良反应。     

奥洛他定治疗季节性过敏性结膜炎临床观察

目的：观察奥洛他定治疗季节性过敏性结膜炎的临床疗效。方法：选择季节性过敏性结膜炎患者80例分为两组．试验组给予0．1％奥洛他定滴眼液点眼,每日2次,每次1滴,于点药10分钟后、点药1周后、点药4周后进行眼痒、眼部充血等临床疗效的评价。结果：使用0．1％奥洛他定的试验组患者在用药后10分钟、用药后1周、用药后4周对于眼痒、眼部充血的评价均明显优于使用4％色甘酸钠的对照组,两组差异有显著性（P〈0．01）,且无严重的不良反应。结论：奥洛他定滴眼液治疗季节性过敏性结膜炎疗效显著．患者依从性好,能很好地耐受。     

鱼腥草滴眼液联合奥洛他定治疗小儿过敏性结膜炎47例临床观察

目的观察鱼腥草滴眼液联合奥洛他定治疗小儿过敏性结膜炎的临床疗效。方法选取2016年2月至2018年3月我院眼科诊治的94例过敏性结膜炎患儿,随机分为治疗组和对照组,各47例。对照组给予奥洛他定滴眼液治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗方法的基础加用鱼腥草滴眼液。治疗2周后,比较2组的临床疗效、临床症状及体征评分、不良反应的发生情况和眼结膜充血水肿、异物感、眼痒、眼红、眼睑结膜滤泡、眼睑乳头临床症状及体征消失时间。结果治疗组总有效率(91.49%)高于对照组(74.47%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后2组临床症状、体征评分均低于治疗前(P0.05),且治疗组下降更显著(P0.01);治疗组眼结膜充血水肿、异物感、眼痒、眼红、眼睑结膜滤泡、眼睑乳头临床症状及体征消失时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01); 2组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论鱼腥草滴眼液联合奥洛他定治疗小儿过敏性结膜炎临床疗效显著,可有效改善眼部相关症状、体征,且作用时间更为快速,安全可靠。     

奥洛他定滴眼液联合普拉洛芬滴眼液治疗过敏性结膜炎的临床疗效

目的研究奥洛他定滴眼液联合普拉洛芬滴眼液治疗过敏性结膜炎的临床疗效。方法将136例过敏性结膜炎患者随机分为奥洛他定联合普拉洛芬组82例及单纯奥洛他定组54例,进行治疗,观察治疗前后患者症状与体征的变化情况,评价临床疗效。结果治疗结束后,两组患者的症状和体征均得到显著的改善,奥洛他定联合普拉洛芬组与单纯奥洛他定组的总有效率分别为97.6%及88.9%,两组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗期间未观察到明显的不良反应。结论奥洛他定滴眼液联合普拉洛芬滴眼液治疗过敏性结膜炎具有较好的临床疗效和安全性,值得临床推广应用。     

奥洛他定与双氯芬酸钠滴眼液对过敏性结膜炎患者的疗效评价

目的:评价奥洛他定与双氯芬酸钠滴眼液对过敏性结膜炎患者的疗效,为治疗过敏性结膜炎提供参考。方法:选取2012年3月—2015年6月间诊治的过敏性结膜炎患者110例,按照治疗方案的不同将其分为观察组65例和对照组45例;观察组患者均给予奥洛他定与双氧芬酸钠滴眼液联用治疗,对照组患者均给予单用双氯芬酸钠滴眼液治疗;比较两组患者治疗后的总有效率和不良反应的发生率。结果:观察组患者治疗后的总有效率为95.38%明显优于对照组为78.26%(P<0.05);观察组患者不良反应的发生率为6.62%优于对照组为17.78%(P<0.05)。结论:奥洛他定与双氯芬酸钠滴眼液用于治疗过敏性结膜炎患者的疗效优于单用双氯芬酸钠滴眼液的疗效。     

奥洛他定治疗过敏性结膜炎临床观察

目的 观察奥洛他定治疗过敏性结膜炎的临床治疗效果.方法 将67例过敏性结膜炎患者,随机分为观察组(34例)和对照组(33例).观察组给予0.1％盐酸奥洛他定滴眼液,每眼1滴/次,2次/d.早晚各1次,眼用;对照组给予2％色甘酸钠滴眼液,每眼1滴/次,4次/d,眼用.均治疗7d.观察两组治疗后1h、7d、30 d的症状改变情况及不良反应的发生情况.结果 观察组治疗7d后各症状的总有效率分别为91.18％ 、91.18％和85.19％,均优于对照组的72.7％、75.76％、85.19％(均P＜0.05).结论 奥洛他定用于治疗过敏性结膜炎起效快、作用时间长、安全性高,值得临床推广使用.     

奥洛他定滴眼液和色苷酸钠滴眼液治疗过敏性结膜炎的疗效观察

目的研究比较0.1%盐酸奥洛他定滴眼液（patanol,帕坦洛）和2%色苷酸钠滴眼液治疗过敏性结膜炎的疗效。方法应用奥洛他定滴眼液和色苷酸钠滴眼液分别治疗两组过敏性结膜炎患者,双眼每日各4次,每次间隔4h,共4周。再于连续治疗后2、7、15d和停药后1周随访观察。结果经奥洛他定治疗过敏性结膜炎2、7、15d和停药后1周的主要症状及体征有效率不同程度地高于色苷酸钠。结论眼部过敏性结膜炎的症状及体征改善方面,奥洛他定的总体疗效优于色苷酸钠。     

氯雷他定片与双氯芬酸钠滴眼液在儿童过敏性结膜炎治疗中的应用观察

目的:观察氯雷他定片与双氯芬酸钠滴眼液在儿童过敏性结膜炎治疗中的应用效果.方法:按抽签顺序将82例过敏性结膜炎患儿分为两组,各41例.对照组实施氯雷他定片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用双氯芬酸钠滴眼液治疗.对两组眼部综合症状评分及疗效进行比较.结果:与对照组比较,治疗后3、7、14d观察组眼部综合症状评分明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗效果较对照组明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:氯雷他定片与双氯芬酸钠滴眼液治疗儿童过敏性结膜炎效果显著,可改善眼部症状,促进康复.     

奥洛他定联合双氯芬酸钠滴眼液治疗过敏性结膜炎的临床研究

目的:观察奥洛他定联合双氯芬酸钠滴眼液治疗过敏性结膜炎的临床效果。方法:将2016年8月至2017年12月在我院接受治疗的112例过敏性结膜炎患者随机分为研究组与对照组,每组56例。对照组给予单纯奥洛他定治疗,研究组给予奥洛他定联合双氯芬酸钠滴眼液治疗,比较两组临床疗效、临床症状评分以及不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,差异显著(P0.05);治疗后,两组临床症状评分明显高于治疗前,且研究组相对更高,差异显著(P0.05);研究组不良反应发生率与对照组相比,差异不显著(P0.05)。结论:采用奥洛他定联合双氯芬酸钠滴眼液治疗过敏性结膜炎疗效确切,可有效改善患者临床症状,同时不增加不良反应,值得推广。     

奥洛他定联合普拉洛芬滴眼液治疗过敏性结膜炎的临床疗效及对泪膜稳定性的影响

目的 探究奥洛他定联合普拉洛芬滴眼液治疗过敏性结膜炎的临床疗效及对泪膜稳定性的影响。方法 选取2022年7月～2023年2月期间门诊诊治的过敏性结膜炎患者60例。按随机数字表法将60例患者分为试验组（30例）以及对照组（30例）。对照组给予奥洛他定滴眼液治疗,试验组在对照组的基础上给予普拉洛芬滴眼液治疗。比较两组的临床疗效、泪膜稳定性[泪膜破裂时间（BUT）和角膜荧光素染色试验（CFS）评分]、临床症状改善情况。结果 试验组的治疗总有效率（28例/30例,93.33%）高于对照组（24例/30例,80.00%）(P <0.05)。治疗后与治疗前相比,两组BUT提升,CFS评分下降,且试验组的BUT高于对照组,CFS评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后两组的畏光、流泪、眼痒、异物感评分与治疗前相比下降,且试验组低于对照组（P <0.05）。结论 过敏性结膜炎患者应用奥洛他定联合普拉洛芬滴眼液有利于维持其泪膜的稳定,改善患者眼部症状,且治疗后临床疗效提高。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.