高血压患者应用缬沙坦联合复方利血平治疗的效果分析

目的探讨原发性高血压患者应用缬沙坦联合复方利血平的临床治疗效果。方法选取2013年10月至2015年3月本院收治的108例原发性高血压患者,采用随机分组方式,将其分为实验组与对照组各54例。两组患者均给予复方利血平片口服治疗,实验组在此基础上联合缬沙坦胶囊口服治疗,两组患者观察疗程均为8周,比较两组患者服药4周、8周后的血压控制效果,并观察药物不良反应,比较两组患者的用药安全性。结果两组患者治疗4周、8周后,收缩压、舒张压水平均显著低于治疗前(P<0.01),实验组治疗后不同时间段收缩压、舒张压水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);实验组、对照组药物相关不良反应分别为24.07%、20.37%,两组比较差异不存在无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论原发性高血压患者应用缬沙坦联合复方利血平进行治疗,血压控制效果更为明显,且药物不良反应无明显增加,是一种安全、有效的联合用药方案。     

平衡针灸联合西药治疗轻、中度原发性高血压的疗效研究

目的:探讨平衡针灸联合西药对轻、中度原发性高血压的治疗效果,为患者的临床诊治提供理论依据.方法:选取我院收治的原发性高血压患者104例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各52例.对照组实施常规西药治疗,观察组实施平衡针灸联合西药治疗.观察两组患者治疗效果,对比两组患者收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及血脂总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)水平变化.结果:观察组患者总有效率明显高于对照组患者(96.15％vs84.62％,P<0.05).治疗后,观察组患者的SBP、DBP水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05).治疗后,观察组患者的TC、TG水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05).结论:平衡针灸联合西药用于轻、中度原发性高血压能有效改善患者血压、血脂水平,提高治疗效果.     

中药天麻养肝降脂汤治疗原发性高血压的效果研究

目的研究天麻养肝降脂汤对原发性高血压的治疗效果。方法以80例原发性高血压病患为研究对象,其中观察组(40例)应用非洛地平缓释片与天麻养肝降脂汤进行联合治疗,对照组(40例)只采用非洛地平缓释片进行治疗,治疗后比较两组治疗前后的血压,中医证候积分,临床疗效以及不良反应引发率来判定治疗效果。结果治疗后,观察组的血压,中医证候积分,总有效率以及不良反应率均比对照组显著(P <0.05)。结论原发性高血压病患应用西药与天麻养肝降脂汤共同治疗效果更好,有临床应用推广价值。     

中医特色健康教育在原发性高血压护理中的应用效果分析

目的:探讨中医特色健康教育在原发性高血压护理中的临床效果。方法:200例原发性高血压患者随机分成对照组100例,采用常规护理;观察组100例,观察组在对照组的基础上再结合中医特色健康教育。分别于护理前后记录两组血压、自我管理效能评分、中医临床症状量化积分,并记录两组护理满意度。结果:观察组血压和中医临床症状量化积分低于对照组(P0.05),观察组自我管理效能评分和护理满意度高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:中医特色健康教育能提高患者自我管理能力和依从性,有效控制原发性高血压患者血压水平。     

阿托伐他汀对原发性高血压伴左心室肥厚病人治疗效果研究

目的:对患有原发性高血压并且伴有左心室肥厚的患者,采用阿托伐他汀治疗,研究其治疗效果。方法:选取我院于2016年1月至2017年6月收治的原发性高血压并且伴有左心室肥厚的患者90例为研究对象,分为实验组和对照组,对照组采用厄贝沙坦口服治疗,实验组在口服厄贝沙坦的基础上加用阿托伐他汀治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后血压水平和LVPW、LVWd、IVST、LVMI。结果:实验组治疗后的血压水平和LVMI均低于对照组,差别明显(P0.05)。结论:对患有原发性高血压伴左心室肥厚的病人使用阿托伐他汀治疗,不仅能够使血压降低,还能改善左心室肥厚。     

卡托普利联合非洛地平对原发性高血压患者血压控制及不良反应发生率的影响

目的:分析卡托普利联合非洛地平治疗原发性高血压的疗效及对血压控制水平及不良反应发生率的影响.方法:选取我院2016年11月～2017年5月原发性高血压患者95例,依照治疗方案不同分为研究组(n=48)和对照组(n=47).对照组采用口服卡托普利治疗,持续用药6周;研究组在对照组基础上加用非洛地平口服治疗,持续用药6周.对比观察两组治疗效果、不良反应发生情况及治疗前后血压变化情况.结果:治疗后两组总有效率比较,研究组97.92％(47/48)高于对照组的82.98％(39/47),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗6周后两组收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)较治疗前均下降,研究组低于对照组(P<0.05);比较两组不良反应发生率,研究组8.33％(4/48)低于对照组的12.76％(6/47),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:卡托普利联合非洛地平治疗原发性高血压疗效显著,能明显降低血压、不良反应发生率,值得临床推广.     

依那普利治疗原发性高血压的疗效及对肾功能的影响

目的研究依那普利治疗原发性高血压的疗效及对肾功能影响。方法回顾2012年07月至2013年08月原发性高血压患者54例,按随机双盲法将其分成实验组29例(给予依那普利治疗),对照组25例(给予卡托普利治疗)比较两组疗效。结果 1与治疗前相比,两组血压均有所下降,但实验组下降幅度更明显,两组差异显著,存在统计学意义(P<0.05);2实验组肾功能改善情况优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论依那普利治疗原发性高血压患者,既能降低舒张压、收缩压,又能改善肾功能。     

非洛地平联合阿托伐他汀治疗原发性高血压病108例临床观察

目的探究原发性高血压患者应用非洛地平及阿托伐汀联合治疗的临床疗效。方法将2014年3月至2015年3月我院收治原发高血压患者108例随机分为2组,观察组采用非洛地平联合阿托伐汀治疗,对照组口服非洛地平,观察2组治疗前后血压,疗效变化。结果治疗后观察组有效率为94.4%,对照组为79.6%,2组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组治疗后收缩压舒张压均低于对照组,具有明显统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论原发性高血压患者给予非洛地平与阿托伐他汀联合治疗的效果佳,血压控制结果明显提高,具有较高的应用价值。     

依那普利与卡托普利对原发性高血压患者降压的临床疗效比较

目的:比较依那普利与卡托普利对原发性高血压患者降压的临床疗效。方法:选取2013年3月—2015年3月间收治的原发性高血压患者126例的临床资料,将其按照随机数字表法分为治疗组与对照组,每组63例;对照组患者给予卡托普利片降压治疗,治疗组患者给予依那普利降压治疗,比较两组患者用药后降压的临床效果。结果:治疗组患者治疗后的总有效率为95.24%高于对照组为79.36%(P<0.05);治疗前两组患者血压各指标测得值经比较其差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后两组患者血压各指标测得值均优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组患者用药后不良反应的发生率为4.76%低于对照组为25.40%(P<0.05)。结论:依那普利用于治疗原发性高血压患者,降压效果较为显著,能改善患者血压水平,不良反应的发生率低,安全性高,其降压作用优于卡托普利。     

中医治疗高血压40例临床疗效观察

目的分析中医治疗高血压的临床效果。方法选择2012年5月至2015年10月我院收治的高血压患者80例,采用随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组,对照组采用西药治疗,实验组在对照组治疗的基础上采用中医治疗,比较两组临床疗效。结果对照组在头痛、眩晕腰酸、膝软、失眠、心悸的中医症状改善总有效率明显低于实验组,差异显著具有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组显效17例,有效8例,无效15例,总有效率62.5%,实验组显效22例,有效15例,无效3例,总有效率92.5%,两组比较差异显著有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论采用中医治疗高血压能够改善患者疾病症状,达到良好的降压效果,值得临床推广使用。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.