人体少见部位包虫病的CT表现

目的：探讨人体少见部位包虫病的CT表现及其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经CT诊断及手术病理证实的35例少见部位包虫病的CT表现。结果：所有病例均为囊型包虫病,腹腔包虫21例,心脏包虫1例,肾脏包虫4例,脾脏包虫5例,胫骨包虫1例,髂骨包虫3例,其中合并肝包虫19例、肺包虫4例。囊型包虫病在CT上因病程和病理的不同可表现为单囊型、多子囊型、钙化等;骨包虫CT表现为病骨呈类多房状膨胀性骨质破坏及周围包囊性病灶,内可见子囊及小碎骨片。结论：少见部位包虫病具有一定的特征性CT表现,结合临床流行病学特点可提高诊断准确率。     

骨包虫病影像学表现及诊断

目的分析骨包虫病的X线、CT及MRI表现，探讨骨包虫病影像学特点。方法回顾性分析7例经手术病理证实的骨包虫病影像学资料。7例均摄常规正侧位X线平片，4例行CT扫描，3例行MR扫描。结果颅骨包虫1例，脊柱包虫3例，髂骨包虫1例，骶骨包虫1例，肋骨包虫1例。X线表现：囊状膨胀性骨破坏5例，其中单囊性改变2例，多囊性骨破坏3例；溶骨性破坏2例，边缘硬化5例，钙化1例，软组织肿块4例。CT表现：4例中囊性膨胀性骨破坏3例，病灶呈多囊性2例，单囊性1例；溶骨性破坏1例；边缘硬化3例，钙化2例，软组织肿块4例。MRI表现：3例均为脊柱病变，共累计7个椎体，单囊性改变1例，多囊性改变2例，软组织肿块3例。病灶在T1IW呈低信号，T2WI呈高信号，囊内容物呈高信号，簇集呈“葡萄串样”，椎体压缩楔形变。结论影像学检查对骨包虫病的诊断具有重要意义，联合应用X线平片、CT、MR检查并密切结合流行病学史能进一步提高对骨包虫病的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

骨包虫病影像学

目的:探讨骨包虫病的影像学表现及其诊断价值.方法:对5例经手术及病理证实的骨包虫病的X线、CT及MRI表现结合文献进行分析,所有5例均行X线平片及CT检查,4例行MRI检查.结果:骨包虫的骨质破坏表现为特征性的膨胀性、多囊性骨质破坏,其在软组织内的生长方式与肝、肺组织中生长方式基本相同,形成包虫囊肿.结论:影像学对评价骨包虫病具有重要意义,尤其是MRI在显示邻近组织病变中有重要作用.     

青海高原地区体部包虫病的CT表现

目的 分析青海高原地区体部包虫病的CT表现. 方法回顾性分析我院108例包虫病患者的CT资料,探讨其CT表现特点及诊断.结果 108例中,101例为囊型包虫病,7例为泡型包虫病.囊型包虫病中单纯型26例,内囊分隔型15例,多子囊型37例,实质钙化型19例,混合型11例.108例中,大多数为肝脏包虫,肺包虫7例,肺包虫合并心脏包虫1例,胫骨包虫合并感染1例,18例为肝脏合并腹腔内多器官、多部位包虫.本组资料显示腹、盆腔包虫发生率高于肺部. 结论 CT能够对体部包虫病定性和定位,其CT表现有一定特征,诊断并不困难.     

肺包虫病的X线诊断（附32例分析）

目的：分析肺包虫病的X线表现特点，以提高其诊断及鉴别诊断能力。方法：回顾性分析32例经手术病理证实的肺包虫病的X线表现，全部病例均摄有胸部X线正侧位平片。结果：单囊型29例，多囊型3例、8例合并感染，X线表现为气液平面及内外囊分离。单纯性肺包虫病及部分有合并症的包虫囊肿具有典型的X线征象，结合临床诊断容易明确。合并破裂感染及有复杂合并症的肺包虫病有时缺乏特征性表现，大多数诊断较为困难。结论：X线检杏对肺包电病的诊断有重要价值．仍为首诜方法．     

CT在肺包虫诊断中的价值分析

目的:探讨肺包虫的CT影像识别,为临床提供诊断依据.方法:随机选取我院收治的肺包虫患者9例,对所有患者均进行CT探查,同时对胸部进行X线扫描,对其CT影像进行回顾性研究.结果:CT探查肺包虫结果显示:9例病灶中有6例单发囊性病灶,3例多发囊性病灶,可见囊性病灶中单发病灶多于多发病灶,通常肺中的病灶边缘较清晰,形状一般为圆形或椭圆形,囊内可见有子囊,且密度比较均匀.感染1例,其囊壁呈点状钙化,感染后外囊壁呈弧形钙化,其囊内密度增高且不均匀,破裂时出现的征象有:新月征、水上荷花征、飘带征.结论:CT影像对肺包虫病的识别具有重要意义,可为包虫病的诊断提供可靠依据.     

脑包虫病的MRI表现及诊断

目的 分析脑包虫病的MRI特征性表现.方法 回顾性分析18例经手术病理证实脑包虫病患者的MRI表现,总结脑包虫病的MRI诊断与鉴别诊断要点.结果 18例脑包虫病患者中囊性包虫病和泡型包虫病各9例.囊性包虫病表现为脑内大小不等的圆形长T1、长T2信号病灶,内部信号均匀一致,液体衰减反转回复(FLAIR)序列扫描其内囊液信号可被抑制;DWI序列病灶为低信号;6例病灶周围无水肿带,3例破裂包虫囊肿病灶周围有水肿带;6例病灶见囊壁显示,3例病灶囊壁显示不明显;增强扫描3例破裂包虫囊肿有环形强化,6例病灶无强化;泡型包虫病表现为脑内多发等T1、短T2簇状异常信号,病灶周围通常有类似脑肿瘤样的水肿带.病灶T2WI信号似"煤炭样"黑色的低信号,内见无数密集稍高信号的小囊泡影,小囊泡直径约1～10 mm为其特征性表现.DWI序列病灶为低信号;Gd-DTPA增强扫描后病灶均见不规则的异常环形强化.2例脑灌注成像病变为低灌注改变.结论 MRI以多方位、多参数成像的优势显示脑包虫更准确,术前诊断率更高,对临床诊治具有重要意义.     

骨包虫病的影像学表现

包虫病是一种常见的严重危害人体健康的人畜共患寄生虫病,全世界均有报道,在我国主要分布于西部、中部、东部及东北部11个省区,其中新疆包虫病感染率居全国之首.骨包虫病较少见,据文献报道约占包虫病的0.5%～4%,其中以盆骨最多见,其次为脊柱、骶骨、股骨、肱骨和胫骨[1].骨包虫病没有纤维包膜,其沿着骨髓腔向骺板、关节软骨方向生长,若穿破骨皮质可导致病理性骨折或脱位,还可以在周围软组织形成继发性包虫囊肿.少数骨包虫也可以于邻近脏器包虫病侵及发病,如谢鹏等[2]报道多发性肺包虫囊肿并发胸壁及肋骨包虫囊肿1例.由于发病率低,往往对其认识不足,又加之骨包虫病在影像学上和骨结核、肿瘤鉴别困难,极易误诊.目前影像学检查是骨包虫的主要诊断方法,包括X线、计算机体层摄影(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)及核素显像(ECT)等.     

乳腺细粒棘球蚴病的影像特征及诊断

目的 分析乳腺细粒棘球蚴病(又称包虫病)的乳腺X线、CT表现,探讨其影像特点.方法 11例经手术病理证实的乳腺包虫病患者均行乳腺X线摄影,1例行CT检查.结果 11例乳腺包虫囊肿,9例为单发,2例为多发,其中1例单发者因外伤而破裂.乳腺X线征象表现为大小不等单发或多发类圆形阴影,密度高或低,边缘光滑锐利,5例出现钙化,2例表现为囊壁弧线形“蛋壳”样钙化,3例囊肿内有斑点状钙化,1例破裂后呈空洞样改变,出现“日环食”征.1例做CT扫描者见类似水样密度的囊状影,有完整包膜.结论 乳腺X线摄影能准确显示乳腺包虫病囊肿的部位和形态特征,结合临床及流行病学史能提高对乳腺包虫病的认识.     

肺包虫病的CT诊断

目的：确定CT对肺包虫病的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析13例经手术病理证实的肺包虫病的CT表现。结果：单囊性9例，多子囊型1例，多囊型3例，6例合并感染，CT表现为气-液平面及内外囊分离，2例有外伤史，患者表现为多囊型，结论：肺包虫在CT上有特征性表现，不仅可显示病变，而且可以显示并发症。     

快速进入高原后的心功能变化

本实验采用多阶踏阶方法在平原和高原测定运动后即刻心率和耗氧量,用功率与心率、功率与耗氧量间的线性关系,计算出6种劳动强度对应的心率、耗氧量测量值的直线回归方程,推算出人体工作能力(PWC_(170))、亚极量踏阶心率(HR_(720))、亚极量踏阶耗氧量(■_2_(172))、工作效率(E)等指标,并计算氧脉搏(O_2P)。通过在平原和到达高原后不同天数所得数据的比较,得出在所观测的两周里从平原快速空运进入高原后各项指标的变化特点:在高原人体的亚极量踏阶运动心率和耗氧量上升;人体工作能力和工作效率降低;氧脉搏增加。认为快速进入高原后5～7天心功能由快速反应性的下降转变为高原适应期的适应性下降。     

D-二聚体、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物在急性肾衰竭患者血液净化中的临床意义

目的探讨急性肾衰竭(ARF)时D-二聚体(D-D)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI)在不同的血液净化方法中的动态变化及临床意义。方法对我院2007年1月—2010年3月急诊住院58例ARF患者血液净化前、净化后4 h及38例健康人进行血浆中D-D含量及PAI水平测定。ARF患者血液净化方法随机采用血液透析(HD)(31例)、血液透析滤过(HDF)(27例)。结果 ARF患者D-D含量及PAI水平较对照组明显升高[D-D(0.83±0.04)与(0.48±0.03)mg/L,P=0.000 2;PAI(14.95±0.73)与(8.03±0.30)103kat/L,P<0.0001;]HD治疗4 h后D-D含量和PAI活性较治疗前升高[D-D(0.89±0.05)与(1.48±0.37)mg/L,P=0.018;PAI(14.89±1.78)与(22.10±3.56)103kat/L,P=0.025],而HDF治疗后D-D含量和PAI无明显变化[D-D(0.91±0.06)与(1.12±0.09)mg/L,P=0.65;PAI(15.81±1.98)与(16.10±2.56)103kat/L,P=0.86]。结论 ARF患者D-D、PAI水平升高,存在凝血-纤溶系统的紊乱,HD可以加重这种改变,而采用HDF治疗可避免对患者凝血机能的影响,在急性肾衰竭治疗中有一定临床价值。     

Anterior interosseous nerve lession and distal myoclonus revealing a parsonage turner syndrome associated with hashimoto thyroiditys

Parsonage-Turner Syndrome (PTS), also known as brachial neuritis or neuralgic amyotrophy, is a rare disorder affecting 2 to 3 individuals per 100,000 each year. Abrupt onset shoulder pain, followed by motor weakness, paresthesia and hypoesthesia, is usually reported, lasting several months with variable recovery. The etiology of the disease may be idiopathic or triggered by an underlying autoimmune disease in genetically susceptible individuals. Our report addresses a unique case of Parsonage-Turner Syndrome in a patient suffering from concurrent Hashimoto Thyroiditis. A previously healthy A 22 year-old female was referred to the Department of Neurology after complaints of sudden-onset motor weakness in her left upper limb. On physical examination, the patient could not make an “Ok sign” with her thumb and distal phalanx or form a complete fist, revealing weakness within the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve. Further testing with electromyography demonstrated muscular atrophy within the arm''s anterior compartment, forearm, and triceps brachii of the posterior compartment. Additional imaging and physical examination were unremarkable, confirming our diagnosis of PTS. Furthermore, lab reports revealed elevated levels of anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and our patient was concurrently diagnosed with Hashimoto''s thyroiditis.This case aims to highlight the rare co-occurrence of Hashimoto''s thyroiditis with Parsonage-Turner Syndrome in an otherwise healthy patient. A 2014 study published by Nugent et al. had also shed light on brachial neuritis in a patient suffering from autoimmune connective tissue disease, and through this case study, we hope to add to the growing literature regarding the correlation between PTS and autoimmune diseases. Symptoms of PTS can easily be misdiagnosed given its similarity to other peripheral neuropathies, and careful assessment and thorough understanding of the disease is required to successfully distinguish it from other neurological pathologies.     

Validity of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in diagnosis and follow-up of multiple sclerosis patients in different clinical subtypes

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease with a wide range of pathologic changes that modify the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value.

血清PCT、NLR及BUN水平与急性胰腺炎严重程度的相关性分析

目的探讨急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)患者血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil lymphocyte ratio,NLR)以及尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)水平与疾病严重程度的关系。方法收集2014年3月—2018年5月在成都医学院第二附属医院就诊的148例AP患者。所有病例均在入院后完善血生化检查,将患者按照2012亚特兰大分类标准分为轻度急性胰腺炎(mild acute pancreatitis,MAP)、中度急性胰腺炎(moderately severe acute pancreatitis,MSAP)、重度急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)3组。比较3组患者入院后第1天清晨血清PCT、NLR及BUN水平,使用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价血清PCT、NLR及BUN水平预测轻度、中度、重度AP的效力。使用Ranson评分对患者进行病情评估。结果SAP组血清PCT、NLR、BUN水平及Ranson评分高于MAP组、MSAP组,且MSAP组上述指标高于MAP组,差异比较具有统计学意义(P<0.05);SAP组住院天数多于MAP组、MSAP组,MSAP组住院天数多于MAP组(P<0.05);Pearson相关分析结果显示血清PCT、NLR、BUN水平均与Ranson评分得分显著正相关((r=0.48,P<0.05;r=0.62,P<0.05;r=0.40,P<0.05);ROC曲线分析表明PCT、NLR、BUN 3者联合评估轻度、中度、重度AP的AUC分别大于PCT和BUN单项(P<0.05),与NLR差异比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血清PCT、NLR、BUN水平均与AP病情严重程度呈正相关,且对轻度、中度、重度AP预测具有一定价值,3者联合应用对评估AP病情严重程度具有较好的早期预测价值。     

中晚期肝癌化学免疫治疗与单纯TAE治疗疗效比较

本文采用肝动脉化学栓塞(TAE)后1～2周内行LAK/IL2的化学免疫治疗(Chemo-immu-notherapy CIT)中晚期肝癌(Mid-advanced HCC)42例(CIT组),TAE治疗2 7例为对照(TAE组)。结果:Ⅱ期HCC 2年生存率47.4％,Ⅱ期HCC部分缓解率(PR)和3个月、半年、1年生存率分别为39.1％、73.9％、56.5％和34.7％,显著高于TAE组Ⅱ期HCC二年生存率16.7％,(P<0.05)和Ⅱ期HCC部分缓解率为6.7％,三个月、半年、1年生存率40.0％,13.3％和6.7％,P<0.05;Ⅱ期HCC 1年内肝外转移率(25.5％)明显低于TAE组(66.7％,P<0.05)。表明化学免疫治疗能显著提高中晚期肝癌疗效。     

Application of selective saturation to image the dynamics of arterial blood flow during brain activation using magnetic resonance imaging.

A saturation-based approach is proposed to image the arterial blood flow signal with temporal resolution of 1 to 2 s and in-plane spatial resolution of a few millimeters. Using a saturation approach to suppress the undesired background stationary signal allows the blood water that enters the slice to be imaged at some specified later time. Since the blood protons that are being imaged are not restricted to the intravascular space, this technique is also sensitive to tissue perfusion signal contributions. The signal uptake characteristics of the saturation method proposed were used to study the different signal contributions as a function of the acquisition parameters. A typical perfusion acquisition (FAIR) was also used for comparison. The proposed method was demonstrated in a functional motor activation experiment and the observed signal changes were smaller than those obtained using the FAIR acquisition. The dynamics of the saturation method and FAIR temporal signal changes were investigated and time constants between 2 and 44 s were estimated. The tissue signal contribution to the saturation method's signal was small over the range of acquisition parameters that sensitized it to the arterial compartment.     

The therapeutic impact of abdominal ultrasound in patients with acute abdominal symptoms

AIM: The technical performance of abdominal ultrasound in the investigation of acute abdominal pain has been thoroughly investigated but its therapeutic effects are less well understood. We aimed to determine the therapeutic effect of abdominal ultrasound in the investigation of acute abdominal pain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A pre- and post-intervention observational study design was used to determine the diagnostic and therapeutic effects of abdominal ultrasound for acute abdominal pain. Referring clinicians completed a pre-ultrasound questionnaire that detailed their leading diagnosis, confidence in this and intended management in 100 consecutive adult patients. Following ultrasound a second questionnaire was completed. This again detailed the leading diagnosis, confidence in this and their intended management. Clinicians quantified the management contribution of ultrasound both for the individual case in question and in their clinical experience generally. RESULTS: The leading diagnosis was either confirmed or rejected in 72 patients and a new diagnosis provided where no prior differential diagnosis existed in 10. Diagnostic confidence increased significantly following ultrasound (mean score 6.5 pre-ultrasound vs 7.6 post-ultrasound, P < 0.001). Intended management changed following ultrasound in 22 patients; 15 intended laparotomies were halted and a further seven patients underwent surgery where this was not originally intended. Ultrasound was rated either 'very' or 'moderately' helpful in 87% of patients, with 99% of clinicians finding it either 'very' or 'moderately' helpful generally. CONCLUSION: Abdominal ultrasound has considerable diagnostic and therapeutic effect in the setting of acute abdominal pain.     

Computer-aided detection of pulmonary embolism: Influence on radiologists’ detection performance with respect to vessel segments

The purpose was to assess the sensitivity of a CAD software prototype for the detection of pulmonary embolism in MDCT chest examinations with regard to vessel level and to assess the influence on radiologists' detection performance. Forty-three patients with suspected PE were included in this retrospective study. MDCT chest examinations with a standard PE protocol were acquired at a 16-slice MDCT. All patient data were read by three radiologists (R1, R2, R3), and all thrombi were marked. A CAD prototype software was applied to all datasets, and each finding of the software was analyzed with regard to vessel level. The standard of reference was assessed in a consensus read. Sensitivity for the radiologists and CAD software was assessed. Thirty-three patients were positive for PE, with a total of 215 thrombi. The mean overall sensitivity for the CAD software alone was 83% (specificity, 80%). Radiologist sensitivity was 77% = R3, 82% = R2, and R1 = 87%. With the aid of the CAD software, sensitivities increased to 98% (R1), 93% (R2), and 92% (R3) (p<0.0001). CAD performance at the lobar level was 87%, at the segmental 90% and at the subsegmental 77%. With the use of CAD for PE, the detection performance of radiologists can be improved.     

高压氧辅助治疗对卒中后抑郁患者血清5-HT、NE及神经功能的影响

目的：观察高压氧（HBO）辅助治疗对卒中后抑郁（PSD）患者血清5-羟色胺（5-HT）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）及神经功能的影响。方法70例PSD患者根据数字表法随机分为2组,对照组（n=35例）采用常规措施治疗,观察组（n=35例）待确定活动性出血已稳定或已趋于稳定后,在对照组治疗基础上加用HBO治疗。两组疗程均为30d,比较两组患者治疗前后血清5-HT、NE表达水平及汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、中国脑卒中量表（CSS）,改良Barthel指数（MBI）评分变化。结果两组患者治疗后血清5-HT、NE表达水平均明显升高（P<0.05）,且观察组升高较对照组更为显著（P<0.05）;两组患者治疗后HAMD、CSS评分明显降低（P<0.05）,而MBI评分明显升高（P<0.05）,且观察组降低或升高较对照组更为显著（P<0.05）。结论 HBO辅助治疗可明显升高PSD患者血清5-HT、NE表达水平,改善抑郁状态和神经功能。