年龄和椎体平面对成人胸腰椎DCE-MRI灌注参数的影响

目的 探讨动态对比增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)灌注参数在成人胸腰椎体不同解剖平面的分布特征以及年龄因素对灌注参数的影响.方法 50例中,男41例,女9例,平均年龄(52.61 ±17.31)岁.DCE-MRI序列采用LAVA-XV(3D-GRE-T1WI序列,椎体正中矢状面同层多时相动态扫描,采用Cine tool软件自动拟合感兴趣区时间-信号强度曲线,计算不同椎体平面的定量参数(Ktrans、Kep、Ve)同时生成相应参数的伪彩图.所有研究对象根据椎体平面分为下胸椎组(LT),包括Th10、Th11和Th12椎体;上腰椎组(UL),包括L1、L2和L3椎体;下腰椎组(LL),包括L4、L5椎体.依据年龄将研究对象分为＜ 50岁和≥50岁两个年龄组.结果 LT、UL和LL三组间Ktrans、Kep值差异有显著统计学意义(F值分别为43.392、31.357,P值均＜0.001),而三组间V.值差异无统计学意义(F值为3.543,P=0.33);组内两两比较后显示Ktrans、Kep值在LT、UL、LL三组呈依次递减趋势.年龄与Ktrans、Kep存在负相关(r=-0.688、-0.684,P＜0.001);年龄与Ve之间存在正相关(r=0.717,P＜0.001).在不同的椎体平面,＜50岁和≥50岁组的Ktrans、Ke.、Ve值的差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05),其中＜50岁组的Ktrans、Kep值均高于≥50岁组,而＜50岁组的Ve值低于≥50岁组.结论 基于血管通透性成像的DCE-MRI能够获得椎体骨髓灌注定量参数(Ktrans、Ke.、Ve),灌注和通透性参数在不同椎体平面有着不同的分布特征,而且年龄对椎体灌注和通透性参数有明显的影响.     

定量动态增强磁共振在乳腺肿块样腺病中的应用价值

目的：探讨定量动态增强磁共振(DCE-MRI)在诊断乳腺肿块样腺病中的应用价值。方法收集54例依据乳腺磁共振半定量增强检查方法 BI-RADS 诊断为4、5类的肿块样病灶,测量其定量灌注参数包括容量转移常数(Ktrans )、单位体积组织中血管体积(Vp )值。依据病理结果分为腺病组、乳腺癌组,将腺病组对侧腺体作为正常对照组。将腺病组和正常腺体组及腺病组和乳腺癌组 Ktrans 、Vp 值分别进行组间的两两秩和检验,绘制腺病组和乳腺癌组 Ktrans 值的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),寻找最佳诊断界值并计算其敏感度、特异度。结果腺病组(n=21)的 Ktrans 、Vp 值分别为(0.289±0.163)min-1、(0.0428±0.045);乳腺癌组(n=33)的 Ktrans 、Vp 值分别为(0.959±0.451)min-1、0.057±0.079;正常腺体(n=21)的 Ktrans 、Vp 值分别为(0.048±0.022)min-1、0.016±0.019。腺病组与正常腺体组的 Ktrans 、Vp 值差异均有统计学意义(Z 值分别为-5.733、-2.844,P 值为0.000、0.004,P <0.05),乳腺癌与腺病组Ktrans 值差异有统计学意义(Z 值为-5.421,P 值为0.000,P<0.05),乳腺癌与腺病组 Vp 值差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.009,P =0.993,P >0.05)。Ktrans 值的 ROC 曲线下面积(AUC)为0.941,界值为0.304 min-1时,敏感度、特异度分别为93.9%、85.7%。结论定量DCE-MRI Ktrans 值作为辅助诊断的定量参数对鉴别乳腺肿块样腺病有较高的参考价值。     

DCE-MRI定量参数对前列腺癌内分泌治疗的疗效评价

目的:回顾性分析前列腺癌(PCa)内分泌治疗前后DCE-MRI定量参数的变化,探讨DCE-MRI定量参数作为分析指标在用于PCa内分泌治疗后疗效监测的价值.方法:收集经病理学证实的33例PCa患者的临床和影像资料.测量定量参数:转运常数(Ktrans)、血管外细胞外间隙体积百分数(Ve)和速率常数(Kep)在内分泌治疗前后癌区的各参数值和血清PSA水平,对前后间参数变化的差异作统计学分析,并探讨DCE-MRI定量参数变化与PSA值变化之间的相关性.结果:治疗前癌区的Ktrans(3.2502±1.46)×10-3 min-1、Kep(2.3341±1.59)×10-3 min-1、Ve 1.1.7475±0.87、PSA (59.9054±37.15)μg/L,治疗后癌区的Ktrans(2.1873±1.19)×10-3min-1、Kep(1.0325±0.68)×10-3min-1、Ve2.0512±0.75、PSA (2.4831±3.93)μg/L;,其中癌区Ktrans、Kep值、PSA值在治疗前后间的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而Ve在治疗前后间的差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05).Spearman相关分析显示癌区治疗前后DCE-MRI的参数变化与PSA值变化无相关性(P＞0.05).结论:DCE-MRI的定量参数Ktrans、Kep在PCa内分泌治疗后发生变化,可用于临床PCa内分泌治疗的疗效监测,可作为临床PCa疗效检测指标PSA的补充.     

动态对比增强磁共振鉴别高级别脑胶质瘤和单发脑转移瘤的价值

目的 探讨3.0T磁共振定量动态对比增强(DCE-MRI)渗透性参数鉴别高级别脑胶质瘤(HGG)和单发脑转移瘤的价值.方法 回顾性分析18例HGG和21例单发脑转移瘤患者的DCE-MRI资料,分别测量瘤体区和瘤周水肿区的渗透性参数的最大值,即转运常数(Ktrans)、细胞外血管外间隙的体积百分数(Ve)、回流常数(Kep)和血浆体积百分数(Vp).以t检验比较HGG和单发脑转移瘤的各参数最大值的组间差异,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析渗透性参数的阈值、敏感性、特异性和曲线下面积(AUC).结果 HGG和单发脑转移瘤瘤周水肿区的Ktrans和Kep分别为(0.018±0.013) min-1、(0.575±0.239) min-1和(0.007±0.008) min-1、(0.349±0.313)min-1,组间差异有统计学意义(t=3.089,2.495,P＜0.05),而其他渗透性参数组间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).ROC分析显示Ktrans值鉴别诊断脑胶质瘤的曲线下面积(AUC)最大(AUC=0.820),敏感性和特异性分别为94.4％和71.4％.结论 DCE-MRI在瘤周水肿区的渗透性参数(Ktrans e)有助于HGG和单发脑转移瘤的鉴别诊断.     

3.0TDCE-MRI及DTI在胶质瘤分级中的价值

目的：探讨动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)及扩散张量成像(DTI)在胶质瘤分级中的价值。方法31例胶质瘤患者行3.0T DCE-MRI 及 DTI 检查,测量定量参数包括：容量转移常数(Ktrans )、血管外细胞外间隙容积比(Ve )、速率常数(Kep )、对比剂浓度下峰面积(iAUC)及相对各向异性分数(rFA)。低级别、高级别胶质瘤组间 DCE-MRI、rFA 参数与微血管密度(MVD)、微血管结构(MVS)相关性评估采用 Spearman 相关性检验。结果胶质瘤分级与 MVD 计数和 MVS 改变呈正相关。14例低级别胶质瘤的 Ktrans 值、Kep 值、Ve 值、iAUC 值及 rFA 值分别为(0.02±0.01)min-1、1.82(0.18~8.54)min-1、0.05±0.03、2.47±1.66和0.55±0.22;17例高级别胶质瘤参数值分别为(0.11±0.02)min-1、1.31(0.12~7.58)min-1、0.28±0.10、10.84±6.46和0.28±0.08。各参数值组间除 Kep 外,其他参数差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。Ktrans 、Ve 、iAUC 值与 MVD 计数及 MVS 呈正相关(P <0.05),rFA 值与MVD 计数及 MVS 呈负相关(P <0.01)。结论DCE-MRI、DTI 定量参数对胶质瘤分级以及肿瘤新生血管增生、血管微结构改变都有重要的评估价值。     

4D-THRIVE动态增强扫描评价早期宫颈癌微血管通透性的价值

目的 应用4D-THRIVE动态增强扫描磁共振成像技术,分析早期宫颈癌微血管通透性的特点及临床意义.方法 对30例正常宫颈组、48例宫颈癌组(Ⅰ期16例均为宫颈鳞癌Ⅰb期,Ⅱ期32例包括宫颈鳞癌27例,宫颈腺癌5例)分别进行4D-THRIVE动态增强扫描,在Matlab平台下对兴趣区内STC及CTC进行非线性拟合获得血管通透性相关参数Ktrans,Kep及Ve值,评估正常宫颈组、宫颈癌组血管通透性的特点.结果 正常宫颈组及宫颈癌组比较,Ktrans及Kep有显著性差异(P＜0.05),Ve值差异无统计学意义;宫颈癌Ⅰ期组与宫颈癌Ⅱ期组比较,Ktrans及Kep有显著性差异(P＜0.05),Ve值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);同级别宫颈鳞癌组与宫颈腺癌组相比较,Ktrans及Kep有显著性差异(P＜0.05),Ve值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 4D-THRIVE动态增强定量分析宫颈癌微血管通透性有助于术前评估肿瘤的生物学行为,在宫颈癌血管的生成、对治疗的反应、对放疗和化疗的敏感性以及预后评价等方面提供一种无创性检查技术.     

磁共振动态增强定量灌注成像方法对子宫良恶性病变的鉴别作用

目的 探讨磁共振动态增强定量灌注成像方法在子宫良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析首诊经病理证实为子宫恶性肿瘤18例(恶性病变组),良性肿瘤或肿瘤样病变22例(良性病变组),及正常子宫肌层25例(正常对照组).均行3.0T磁共振动态增强扫描,并使用SIEMENS TISSUE 4D软件进行图像后处理,采用Tofts药代模型,分别测得感兴趣区的容积定量灌注参数值:容量转移常数(Ktrans)、速率常数(Kep)、血管外细胞外间隙容积比(Ve)值.对3组的定量灌注参数值进行单因素方差分析,多个样本均数的两两比较.结果 3组的灌注参数平均值:Ktrans值分别是恶性病变组(0.178±0.068)min-1、良性病变组(0.182±0.096)min-1、正常对照组(0.263±0.111)min-1;Kep值分别是(0.4±0.101) min-1、(0.378±0.185) min-1、(0,451±0.166) min-1;Ve值分别是0.477±0.143、0.589±0.176、0.613±0.146.恶性病变组平均Ve值比良性病变组低(P=0.037);恶性病变组平均Ktrans及Ve值均较正常对照组低,且两两比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.003、P=0.004).良性病变组平均Ktrans值较正常对照组低,且差别有统计学意义(P=0.011).结论 磁共振定量动态增强参数Ktrans及Ve值对子宫良恶性病变鉴别诊断具有一定的意义.     

3.0T动态增强磁共振灌注成像对小肝癌射频消融疗效评估的价值研究北大核心CSCD

目的探讨动态增强磁共振灌注成像(DCE-MRI)定量评估小肝癌射频消融(RFA)疗效的预测价值。方法选取2016年3月至2020年6月初诊单发小肝癌病灶58例。采用Philips 3.0T MR对全部入组患者于治疗前行MR常规T1WI、T2WI、DCE-MRI序列扫描,分别测得肿瘤最大层面的各扫描序列定量参数-包括血管通透性常数(transfer constant,Ktrans)、血管外细胞外间隙容积百分比(volume of extravascular extraeellular space per unit volume of tissue,Ve)及血液回流常数(the rate constant,Kep)值。病理切片通过免疫组织化学方法检测微血管密度。根据mRECIST标准进行随访,将病例分为稳定组和进展组。比较两组RFA治疗前各定量指标的差异,计量资料组间比较采用独立样本t检验。用Pearson相关检验分析两组患者DCE-MRI各灌注参数与微血管密度(MVD)之间的相关性。结果稳定组以及进展组初始病灶大小差异有统计学意义,稳定组较进展组的病灶更小。消融前稳定组Ktrans值(0.343±0.074)min^(-1)、Kep值(0.904±0.153)min^(-1)及MVD值(49.000±5.518)均较进展组低,且差异具有统计学意义。两组患者治疗前DCE-MRI各参数值与MVD的相关分析显示Ktrans值、Ve值与MVD呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.677、0.334。结论动态增强DCE-MRI灌注分析参数Ktrans、Kep均能有效预测肝癌RFA疗效,且在一定程度上可对肿瘤的微血管密度进行检测。     

早期放射性骨髓损伤微血管渗透性变化的MRI研究

目的:采用动态增强MRI (DCE-MRI)定量渗透性参数探索X线照射后大鼠股骨骨髓微血管渗透性变化.方法:36只6-8周龄SD大鼠随机分为辐射组(n=18)和对照组(n=18),辐射组大鼠接受6.0Gy高能量X线全身照射,对照组大鼠不进行照射处理.分别在X线照射前后各时间点行股骨DCE-MRI灌注成像检查,测量股骨兴趣区微血管转运常数(Ktrans)、反流速率常数(Kep)、血浆容积分数(Vp)和血管外细胞外容积分数(Ve);大鼠股骨行组织病理学检查并测定微血管密度(MVD).结果:辐射组在辐射前后各时间点DCE-MRI灌注参数Ktrans、Kep、Vp、Vc值差异均具有统计学意义(F=59.097,P＜0.01;F=21.349,P＜0.01;F=27.059,P＜0.01;F=32.061,P＜0.01).Ktrans值逐渐增加,在辐射后第7天达到峰值;Vp值逐渐减小;Kep值照射后第4天减小(P＜0.01),第7天较第4天增大(P＜0.01);Ve值照射后第4天增大(P＜0.01),第7天与第4天无明显变化(P＞0.05).相应时间节点对照组各渗透性参数之间差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).辐射组大鼠MVD与Ktrans、Kep值呈负相关(r值分别为-0.5936、-0.8055,P值均＜0.05)、与Vp呈正相关(r=0.6451,P＜0.05)、与Ve值无相关性(r=0.1426,P＞0.05).结论:DCE-MRI定量参数可评价早期放射性骨髓损伤的微血管渗透性变化.     

磁共振弥散加权成像和动态增强诊断前列腺疾病临床价值分析

目的：探讨磁共振弥散加权成像和动态增强扫描在前列腺疾病临床诊断中的应用价值。方法对64例患者的前列腺病灶行磁共振常规扫描、磁共振弥散加权成像和动态扫描,选取感兴趣区记录动态增强定量参数Ktrans、Vc及Kep的值以及DWI的信号强度和表面扩散系数ADC值,并对得到的数据进行方差分析。结果前列腺癌组、前列腺增生组及正常前列腺组患者在b＝50s/mm^2、b＝800s/mm^2信号强度值及ADC值比较有显著性差异（ F ＝52．34、14．35、198．64,P＜0．05）。前列腺癌组、前列腺增生组及正常前列腺组患者在Ktrans、Vc及Kep等DCE-MRI参数方面比较有显著性差异（ F＝15．30、21．06、37．95,P ＜0．05）。前列腺癌组、前列腺增生组及正常前列腺组等三组患者进行两两比较发现正常前列腺组与前列腺增生组在Ktrans、Vc及Kep等方面比较无明显差异,而其它各组之间两两比较有显著性差异（t ＝4．66、5．65、3．81、4．15、3．01、3．24,P ＜0．05）。结论磁共振弥散加权成像联合动态增强扫描应用提高了M RI诊断前列腺癌的诊断和分期准确率,有助于对前列腺病变的鉴别诊断。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

糖尿病鼠血清及睾丸中一氧化氮含量和一氧化氮合酶活性的变化

目的研究1型糖尿病大鼠血清和睾丸中一氧化氮(NO)含量和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的动态变化。方法63只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为对照组(C)和糖尿病组(D)，采用四氧嘧啶腹腔注射复制糖尿病动物模型。糖尿病组分别于观察1、2、3、4、5、6、7和8周后断头处死动物，取血收集血清，取睾丸制备组织匀浆，分别测定NO含量和NOS活性。结果与对照组比较，糖尿病组血清NO含量升高，NOS活性先升后降；睾丸组织在诱模后NO含量下降，而NOS活性变化不明显，随后两者均呈升高趋势。结论糖尿病大鼠血清和睾丸NO含量和NOS和活性均有改变。     

2018年三亚雪古丽牛羊布鲁氏菌病及口蹄疫监测与风险评估

为持续性确保三亚雪古丽牛羊口蹄疫无疫及处于布鲁氏菌净化状态,雪古丽对自有及引进羊群进行了口蹄疫免疫抗体检测及病原学检测,同时对羊群进行了布鲁氏菌病抗体检测.口蹄疫免疫抗体检测应用液相阻断ELISA方法;口蹄疫病原学检测采用多重RT-PCR;布鲁氏菌病用虎红平板方法检测.检测结果:未检测到布鲁氏菌抗体阳性动物,牛羊中目前不存在口蹄疫病畜或健康带毒畜,牛羊口蹄疫免疫抗体未达到国家规定水平的应及时补免.2018年三亚雪古丽牛羊布鲁氏菌病及口蹄疫监测结果表明,雪古丽的羊场目前不存在布鲁氏菌感染情况;牛羊中仅牛O型口蹄疫群体免疫水平达到国家重大动物疫病规定标准,免疫抗体不合格动物应及时给予补免,病原学检测结果表明目前雪古丽的牛羊及引进羊未被口蹄疫病毒感染.     

Icariin protects against radiation-induced mortality and damage in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of icariin both in vivo and in vitro, an active flavonoid glucoside derived from medicinal herb Epimedium, and its possible mechanisms against radiation-induced injury.

Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to lethal dose (7?Gy) or sub-lethal dose (4?Gy) of whole body radiation by X-ray at a dose rate of ～0.55?Gy/min, and icariin was given three times at 24?h and 30?min before and 24?h after the irradiation. After irradiation, hematological, biochemical, and histological evaluations were performed. We further determined the effect of icariin on radiation-induced cytotoxicity and changes in apoptosis-related protein expression.

Results: Icariin enhanced the 30-day survival rates (20 and 40?mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner, and protected the radiosensitive organs such as intestine and testis from the radiation damages. Moreover, hematopoietic damage by radiation was significantly decreased in icariin-treated mice as demonstrated by the increases in number of peripheral blood cells, bone marrow cells (1.7-fold), and spleen colony forming units (1.7-fold). In addition, icariin decreased the radiation-induced oxidative stress by modulating endogenous antioxidant levels. Subsequent in vitro studies showed that icariin effectively increased cell viability (1.4-fold) and suppressed the expression of apoptosis-related proteins after irradiation.

Conclusion: These results suggest that icariin has significant protective effects against radiation-induced damages partly through its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties.     

西宁地区新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病与肾功能损害探讨

目的：探讨高海拔地区新生儿HIE与肾功能损害的关系。方法：对116例HIE足月儿和88例足月儿正常新生儿做血尿素氮（Bun）及肌酐（Cr）检测,并进行分析观察。结果：116例HIE患儿血BuN〉7．14mmol／L96例,血肌酐〉88．4mmol／L91例。HIE组血Bun、Cr显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）,中度HIE组Bun、Cr显著高于轻度HIE组（P〈0．05）,重度HIE组Bun、Cr显著高于中度HIE（P〈0.05）。结论：新生儿窒息缺氧会导致脑损伤和肾功能损害,血Bun、Cr可做为判断肾功能受损指标,而且窒息程度越重,肾功能损害越严重。     

The stability and distribution of Tc-HIDA in vivo and in vitro

Tc-HIDA is a promising new agent for imaging the biliary system. In this study radiochromatography on paper or Sephadex G25 gel has been used to measure the proportions of TcHIDA, hydrolysed Tc and pertechnetate in solutions from a comercial kit (CIS TCK 15) and in body fluids from patients and rat receiving this radiopharmaceutical. The tissue distribution in male and female rats has shown the radiopharmaceutical to be rapidly removed from the blood by the liver and then excreted via the intestines. There appears to be a sex difference in the uptake in the kidneys and in the urinary excretion in both rats and patients.     

Measurement of GABA and contaminants in gray and white matter in human brain in vivo.

A preliminary study of discrimination between GABA and macromolecules (MMs) in human brain by proton double quantum filtering (DQF) at 3.0 T in vivo is presented. GABA-tuned and MM-tuned DQ filters were designed with dual-band 180 degrees radiofrequency (RF) pulses that were tuned for selective refocusing of GABA (3.0 and 1.9 ppm) and putative MM resonances (3.0 and 1.7 ppm), respectively. GABA and putative MM signals were extracted from a combined analysis of the filtered mixture signals and the calculated editing yields. Unexpectedly, the GABA and putative MM signals exhibited a similar doublet linewidth at the optimized TE = 82 ms. Furthermore, substantial MM-tuned DQF signal remained at TE = 148 ms, indicating the presence of a component other than MM. With water segmentation data, the GABA-tuned and MM-tuned DQF measures from the medial prefrontal and left frontal lobes were combined to give the concentrations of GABA and the additional component as 1.1 +/- 0.1 and 0.8 +/- 0.1 mM (mean +/- SD, N=3) for gray matter (GM) and 0.4 +/- 0.1 and 0.7+/-0.1 mM (N=3) for white matter (WM), respectively.     

The stability and distribution of Tc-HIDA in vivo and in vitro

Tc-HIDA is a promising new agent for imaging the biliary system. In this study radiochromatography on paper or Sephadex G25 gel has been used to measure the proportions of TcHIDA, 'hydrolysed Tc' and pertechnetate in solutions from a commercial kit (CIS TCK 15) and in body fluids from patients and rats receiving this radiopharmaceutical. The tissue distribution in male and female rats has shown the radiopharmaceutical to be rapidly removed from the blood by the liver and then excreted via the intestines. There appears to be a sex difference in the uptake in the kidneys and in the urinary excretion in both rats and patients.