浙新霉素对皮肤癣菌的体外抗真菌活性研究

目的：评价浙新霉素体外抗真菌活性。方法：采用CLSI推荐的M-38A方案测定浙新霉素对7种皮肤癣菌最小抑菌浓度（MIC）及最小杀菌浓度（MFC）。结果：浙新霉素对7种皮肤癣菌的MIC范围为0.125-2.000μg·ml^-1,MFC范围为0.250-4.000μg·ml^-1。结论：浙新霉素具有较强的抗真菌活性,能抑制和杀灭絮状表皮癣菌、红色毛癣菌、紫色毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌、须癣毛癣菌、断发毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌等多种皮肤癣菌。     

硫色满酮并氮杂环衍生物体外抗真菌活性及构效关系研究

对硫色满酮并氮杂环衍生物进行体外抗真菌实验,筛选具有抗真菌活性的化合物并探讨其构效关系。方法：利用微量稀释法,以氟康唑和两性霉素B为阳性对照药,测定硫色满酮类并氮杂环衍生物对白色念珠菌、新生隐球菌、断发毛癣茵、红色毛癣菌、申克孢子丝菌（菌丝相）、石膏样小孢子菌、卡氏枝孢霉、黑曲霉、絮状毛癣菌的体外抑菌活性。结果：Bb,Da,Db,I,K对絮状表皮癣菌抑制作用显著,尤其Db的MIC低于两性霉素B;K对石膏样小孢子丝菌的MIC与两性霉素B相当。二甲氨基和甲氧基取代后,抗真菌比其他取代基化合物抗真菌活性高。结论：硫色满酮并氮杂环衍生物对常见致病真菌有一定的体外抑菌活性,值得深入研究。     

超短波对表皮癣菌和白色念珠菌的杀菌研究

目的 探讨超短波辐射对红色毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌、须癣毛癣菌和白色念珠菌杀菌效果.方法 采用频率40.68MHz的医用超短波,分别以输出功率为100mA、150mA、200mA的超短波辐射接种后的红色毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌、须癣毛癣菌和白色念珠菌,并对其生长情况进行实验室观察.结果 输出功率100mA的超短波无明显的杀菌效应.输出功率150mA的超短波辐射60min有杀菌效应.输出功率200mA的超短波辐射20、40、60min显现杀菌效应.结论 输出功率150mA的超短波辐射有抑菌的效应.输出功率200mA的超短波辐射有明显的杀菌效应,杀菌效应随辐射强度的增大而增强.     

汉麻果胶皂苷类成分分离及其抗真菌活性研究

目的获得汉麻果胶皂苷类成分的主要部位,进行抗真菌试验,测定其最小抑菌浓度值（M/C）。方法利用D101大孔树脂进行梯度洗脱,通过试管定性试验以及薄层色谱（TLC）法确定富集皂苷类成分洗脱部位,并采用微量液基稀释法研究其对4种常见致病真菌红色毛癣菌、须癣毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌和白色念珠菌的生物活性。结果80%浓度的洗脱物对红色毛癣菌、须毛癖菌、犬小孢子菌均具有抑制作用,其M/C值分别为16,8,2 ｜ig/mL。结论汉麻果胶皂苷类成分具有显著的抗真菌作用。     

国产盐酸萘替芬体外抑菌试验

目的:观察国产萘替芬的体外抑菌效果。方法:采用改良沙氏液基稀释法,对临床分离的198株致病菌株进行最小抑菌浓度测定。结果:国产蔡替芬对红色毛藓菌的MIC范围为0.01～0.16mg/L,对须癣毛癣菌为0.02～0.08mg/L,对絮状表皮癣菌为0.08mg/L,对断发毛癣菌为0.04mg/L,对犬小孢子菌为0.04mg/L。结论:国产萘替芬抗皮肤癣菌活性与国外试验结果相似。     

中药"铁扇癣痒平"体外抑菌试验

目的观察"铁扇癣痒平"体外抗菌效果和抑菌浓度.方法采用对倍液体稀释法测定该药对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、红色毛癣菌、紫色毛癣菌、须毛癣菌和石膏样小孢子菌体外抑制作用.以市售的复方土槿皮酊、庆大霉素和二性霉素B为对照.结果体外抑菌试验结果表明,该药对细菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌)和真菌(红色毛癣菌、紫色毛癣菌、须毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌)均有抑制作用.结论"铁扇癣痒平"具有体外抑制革兰阳性、革兰阴性细菌和皮肤真菌的作用,且抗真菌活性高于抗细菌活性.     

大黄竹醋洗剂的制备及抗真菌作用研究

目的：研究大黄竹醋洗剂的制备工艺和对致病性真菌的抑制效应。方法采用平板培养基连续稀释法进行抑菌试验。结果大黄竹醋洗剂对絮状表皮癣菌、红色毛癣菌、须癣毛癣菌、石膏样毛癣菌、羊毛状小孢子菌、白色念珠菌、新生隐球菌、青霉菌有抑制作用,MIC为0.156～5mg· mL^ -1。结论大黄竹醋洗剂对某些真菌有一定的抑制,值得临床推广使用。     

复方大蒜酊的主要药效学研究

目的研究复方大蒜酊抗足癣的主要药效学。方法用体外抑菌试验法，观察复方大蒜酊对8种浅部真菌的抗菌作用；以组胺为致痒剂，观察复方大蒜酊的止痒作用；采用碘-淀粉蓝色反应观察法，观察复方大蒜酊的敛汗作用。 结果复方大蒜酊体外除白念珠菌外，对红色毛癣菌、须癣毛癣菌、絮状表皮癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌、犬小孢子菌、紫色毛癣菌、断发毛癣菌均有较强的抗菌作用，最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)均小于临床用药浓度，即＜0.05 mol·mL^-1。外用能明显提高豚鼠致痒阈，明显减少小鼠足跖出汗斑点数。结论复方大蒜酊有较好的抗浅部真菌、止痒、敛汗作用。     

黄芩汤的抗须癣毛癣菌活性及作用机制研究

研究黄芩汤（HQD）的抗须癣毛癣菌活性及作用机制。方法 通过测定最小抑菌浓度（MIC）、最小杀菌浓度（MFC）、菌丝长度、孢子萌发率、生物量和观察菌丝超微结构评价HQD的抗须癣毛癣菌活性;通过山梨醇保护实验检测HQD对须癣毛癣菌细胞壁的影响;通过测定麦角固醇含量和角鲨烯环氧酶（SE）、羊毛甾醇14α-去甲基化酶（CYP51）的活性考察HQD对须癣毛癣菌细胞膜的影响;通过测定线粒体中苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）及ATP酶（包括钠钾ATP酶、钙镁ATP酶和总ATP酶）的活性考察HQD对须癣毛癣菌线粒体的影响。结果 HQD对须癣毛癣菌具有显著的抑菌活性,MIC、MFC值分别为3.13、25 mg/mL。经HQD干预后,须癣毛癣菌菌丝长度均显著缩短（P<0.05）;孢子萌发率、生物量、细胞膜中麦角固醇含量和SE、CYP51活性以及线粒体中MDH、SDH、各种ATP酶的活性均显著降低（P<0.05）;细胞结构受到了一定程度的破坏,但细胞壁的完整性没有受影响。结论 HQD具有显著的抗须癣毛癣菌活性,其作用机制与降低细胞膜中麦角固醇含量和SE、CYP51活性以及线粒体相...     

濮阳地区部分浅部真菌病及病原菌种类分析

目的了解濮阳地区浅部真菌感染发病情况及病原菌菌种分布特点。方法对临床拟诊为浅部真菌感染的患者493例,取标本行真菌镜检、真菌培养及菌种鉴定,登记确诊患者相关临床资料,分析浅部真菌感染的发病特点。结果患者中有实验室真菌学依据者456例,主要为足癣155例(31.44%),股癣133例(26.98%),念珠菌感染84例(17.04%),癣菌和念珠菌的混合感染36例(7.30%);分离菌株336株,其中红色毛癣菌201株(59.12%),念珠菌78株(23.21%),须癣毛癣菌49株(14.41%),犬小孢子菌6株(1.76%),石膏样小孢子菌5株(1.47%),霉菌1株(0.30%)。结论濮阳地区浅部真菌病中足癣最常见;致病菌以红色毛癣菌占首位,念珠菌位于第二,须癣毛癣菌居第三,犬小孢子菌居第四;皮肤癣菌和念珠菌的混合感染值得重视。     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors and Advances in nucleosides and nucleotides.

The American Chemical Society Symposium "Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors" took place on 1 April 1998 and was organized by Professors Zbigniew J Witczak (UConn, School of Pharmacy, CT, USA), Kuniaki Tatsuta (Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan) and Waldemar Priebe, MD (Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, USA). Professor Witczak provided introductory remarks including the status of existing glucosidase inhibitors, and chaired the morning session, which consisted of six lectures. The symposium was well received, and was particularly attractive for those interested in networking, as attendance was about sixty. In addition, some participants and attendees presented posters on the subject during the regular poster session organized by the Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry.