注意缺陷多动障碍患儿家庭环境特征及自我意识的相关分析

目的探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患儿家庭环境特征及其与自我意识之间的相关性。方法采用家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)、Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)对79例ADHD儿童、71名正常儿童分别进行评估。结果 PHCSS中,AD-HD儿童行为、智力与学习情况、躯体外貌与属性、合群、幸福与满足及总分低于正常儿童(P<0.05);ADHD儿童在FES-CV中亲密度、独立性、知识性、娱乐性、道德宗教观、组织性得分低于正常儿童(P<0.05),矛盾性得分明显高于正常儿童(P<0.01)。回归分析显示,ADHD儿童FES-CV中的道德宗教观是影响PHCSS总分的主要危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 ADHD患儿的家庭存在家庭功能缺陷,并与患儿自我意识水平较低有关。     

注意缺陷多动障碍及其共患学习困难儿童家庭环境特征

目的探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(Attention-deficit/hyperactivtiy disorder,ADHD)及其共患学习困难(Learning disability,LD)儿童家庭环境特征。方法选用自制家庭一般情况量表、家庭环境量表中文版(Family Environment ScaleChinese Version,FES-CV)对单纯ADHD儿童101例、ADHD共患LD儿童56例及正常对照儿童92例进行评定。结果对照组、单纯ADHD组、ADHD共患LD组儿童年龄差异有统计学意义,对照组年龄较小(11.2±2.1vs.12.6±3.0vs.12.4±3.2,P=0.024);三组儿童男性比例差异有统计学意义(56.14%vs.82.59%vs.86.08%,P0.001);三组儿童父亲职业类型(P=0.016)差异有统计学意义。在FES量表的亲密度因子(8.12±1.43vs.7.05±1.85vs.6.79±2.14)、情感表达因子(6.08±1.45vs.5.31±1.83vs.5.52±1.76)、知识性因子(5.47±2.08vs.4.12±2.01vs.4.05±1.97)、娱乐性因子(5.56±2.18vs.4.16±2.20vs.4.18±2.18)、道德宗教因子(5.76±1.39vs.5.51±1.45vs.5.39±1.68)、组织性因子(7.02±1.40vs.5.73±2.15vs.5.48±2.24)得分单纯ADHD组和ADHD共患LD组均低于对照组(P均0.05),而在矛盾性因子上,与对照组比较,两组ADHD家庭矛盾性高;同时与单纯ADHD组比较,ADHD共患LD组儿童家庭家庭矛盾性明显增高(P0.05)。结论单纯ADHD组和ADHD共患LD组儿童存在功能缺陷,包括亲密度差、家庭矛盾大、情感表达不佳、知识性、娱乐性、组织性差等,共患LD组增加ADHD儿童家庭矛盾性。     

Perceived Family Functioning and Depression in Bereaved Parents in China After the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake

This study examined perceived family functioning and depression in bereaved parents 18 months after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. This was a cross-sectional study with 190 bereaved parents sampled using a multistage stratified sampling method. The instruments used in the study included Family APGAR Index and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17. The results indicated that the prevalence of family dysfunction was 59.5%. All the respondents experienced depression with 79.5% of the respondents reporting very severe depression. Being female, being at an advanced age, being divorced or widowed, being directly exposed to the death of their children, not having another baby after the earthquake, and poorer family functioning were significant predictors for more severe depression. Strategies can be designed in post-disaster recovery programs for bereaved parents at high risk for more severe depression, particularly for those with poorer family functioning.     

注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童的智力和行为特点

目的：探讨注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的智力水平、智力结构及行为特点。方法：对ADHD儿童组及正常儿童组用韦氏儿童智力量表（WISC-CR）及Achenbach儿童行为量表（CBCL）进行智力和行为测定,并对智力和行为测定的结果进行比较分析。结果：ADHD儿童的智力水平、总智商（FIQ）、言语智商（VIQ）及操作智商（PIQ）均明显低于正常儿童组,两组比较差异有统计学意义。在各项分测验中,除译码外,其他9项分测验差异均有统计学意义。两组儿童VIQ〈PIQ1个标准差（15分）所占人数比较,差异具有显著性。提示ADHD儿童存在智力结构发展的不平衡。两组儿童行为测试结果比较分析,显示ADHD儿童内向分、外向分及行为总分均明显高于正常儿童组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义。在各项分测验中,除体诉外,其他8项分测验差异均有统计学意义。结论：ADHD儿童同正常儿童相比智力水平较低,智力结构发展不平衡,还具有许多行为和情绪问题。     

脑电生物反馈治疗注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的临床效果分析

目的 探讨脑电生物反馈治疗注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的临床效果。方法 采用VBFB3000脑电反馈系统，以抑制4～8Hz慢波活动，同时增加12～16Hz感觉运动节律波为训练目标，通过该装置采集患儿的脑电波并以各种图像的方式进行实时反馈。每次训练包括5级游戏，2次／周，每次训练45min左右。结果 注意力缺陷为主型训练40次后转为正常占84．6％；多动-冲动为主型训练40次后转为正常100G；混合型训练40次后转为正常占91．6％。结论 脑电生物反馈训练对不同亚型的注意缺陷多动障碍患儿均有明显疗效。     

感觉统合训练治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍研究

目的观察感觉统合训练治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的临床疗效.方法将60例注意缺陷障碍儿童随机分为试验组和对照组各30例.试验组在常规治疗基础上给予感觉统合训练治疗,应用感觉统合评定量表评定疗效.结果治疗后,患儿的大肌肉与平衡不良及本体感觉不佳因子分明显高于治疗前 （ P〈0.01） ;触觉防御不当及学习能力发展不足因子分高于治疗前（ P〈0.05） ;治疗组的疗效优于对照组（ P〈0.05）.结论在药物治疗基础上进行感觉统合训练,可提高注意缺陷多动障碍患儿的康复疗效.     

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Benefits from Tai Chi

Thirteen adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) participated in Tai Chi classes twice a week for 5 weeks. Teachers rated the children's behaviour on the Conners Scale during the baseline period, after the 5 week Tai Chi session period and 2 weeks later. After the 10 Tai Chi sessions the adolescents displayed less anxiety, improved conduct, less daydreaming behaviours, less inappropriate emotions, and less hyperactivity. These improved scores persisted over the 2-week follow up (no Tai Chi period).     

Inhibition and Mental Effort in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

The efficiency of cognitive inhibition was contrasted in children diagnosed with ADHD and a control group of age- and IQ-matched average children. Two tasks were used to measure inhibitory ability: the negative-prime Stroop task and a directed-forgetting memory task. Based on contemporary theoretical perspectives that postulate deficits in inhibitory function in the ADHD population, it was predicted that ADHD children would be significantly less efficient inhibitors than the average children. Contrary to predictions, however, ADHD children showed no deficits in inhibitory abilities compared to controls. Average children were faster on the second administration of the Stroop task, whereas ADHD children were slower. These results were interpreted within the framework of the inhibition models. It was proposed that differences in inhibitory abilities, such as the ones tapped here, may appear earlier than age 8, and that the engaging aspects of tasks may have optimized the ADHD children's performance. The slower performance of the ADHD group on the second administration of the Stroop task is consistent with the hypothesis that although ADHD children can inhibit, they find it more effortful to do so than do average children.     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍与微量元素的关系

摘要：目的：探讨微量元素的水平与ADHD的关系。方法：采用原子吸收分光光度法对128例ADHD患儿和95例健康儿童进行末梢全血Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mg、Pb水平分析。结果：ADHD儿童全血中的Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mg、Pb水平分别为72.24±7.03µmol/L、14.97±3.51µmol/L、7.64±0.59 mmol/L、1.69±0.16 mmol/L、1.49±0.13 mmol/L、108.70±32.67µg/L。Zn（P＜0.01)、Fe（P＜0.01)、Ca（P＜0.01)、Mg（0.01＜P＜0.05)含量低于正常对照组,而Pb（P＜0.01)含量明显高于正常对照组，Cu（P＞0.05）与正常对照组的差异无统计学意义。结论：Zn、Fe、Ca、Mg、Pb等微量元素的失调可导致儿童注意缺陷多动障碍。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并注意缺陷多动障碍患儿临床特征分析

目的:观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并注意缺陷多动障碍患儿的临床表现情况,从而对临床特征进行分析.方法:随机选取2016年1 月至2019年1 月重庆市开州区人民医院收治的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并注意缺陷多动障碍患者60例作为研究对象,根据是否合并注意缺陷多动障碍分为观察组和对照组,每组30例,合并注意缺陷多动障碍为观察组,不合并为对照组,对2组患者的定量指标差异进行比较,包括:(睡眠障碍、身体情况、情绪障碍、多巴胺水平、去甲肾上腺素水平),对不同年龄的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并注意缺陷多动障碍患儿的睡眠监测指标进行比较,(AHI、SaO2).结果:观察组患者的睡眠障碍评分、身体情况评分、情绪障碍评分高于对照组,多巴胺水平高于对照组,去甲肾上腺素水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随着年龄的增长,患者的AHI水平在逐渐提升,SaO2 则在逐渐降低.结论:阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并注意缺陷多动障碍患儿的睡眠质量、身体健康以及心理情况均难以控制,多巴胺的水平升高,可以与并发症相关.