雷公藤多甙“顿挫”方式维持治疗原发性肾病综合征效果观察

目的研究双倍剂量雷公藤多甙“顿挫”方式维持治疗原发性肾病综合征的效果及安全性。方法对60例原发性肾病综合征患者经双倍剂量(2mg/kg·d-1)诱导治疗持续4周(效果不佳者,诱导治疗持续8周)后,将诱导缓解患者随机分为A、B两组,A组进入双倍剂量“顿挫”方式进行维持治疗,口服剂量仍为2mg/kg·d-1,服2周停2周,交替进行,持续4～6个月后,减量为1mg/kg·d-1,仍为服2周停2周,交替持续至18个月;B组按常规方案进行维持治疗,减量为1.5mg/kg·d-1,14周后,减至1mg/kg·d-1持续至18个月。对比两组的临床疗效和副作用。结果诱导治疗缓解39例(缓解率65.00%),平均诱导时间6周,另外有11例达到改善,10例无效;39例诱导治疗缓解患者进入“顿挫”方式进行维持治疗,A组的复发率(15.00%)低于B组(47.38%),P=0.0407<0.05。结论双倍剂量雷公藤多甙对原发性肾病综合征的近期疗效确切,对皮质激素治疗无效的部分患者有效;“顿挫”方式维持治疗远期效果良好,复发率低。     

泰必利和氟哌啶醇治疗多发性抽动症依从性比较

[目的 ]探讨泰必利和氟哌啶醇治疗多发性抽动症患者的依从性。 [方法 ]对多发性抽动症患者随机分为两组 ,分别口服泰必利 ( A组 )、氟哌啶醇 ( B组 )。A组初始剂量 5 mg· kg-1·d-1,视病情每周增加剂量 2 .5 mg·kg-1·d-1,最大至 1 5～ 2 0 mg·kg-1·d-1;B组 0 .0 3mg· kg-1·d-1开始 ,每 1～ 2周增加 0 .0 2 5～ 0 .0 5 mg· kg-1· d-1,最大至 0 .1 5 mg· kg-1· d-1,观察 8周比较两组治疗效果与对副作用的关系 ,[结果 ]泰必利和氟哌啶醇治疗多发性抽动症疗效无显著差异 ,而氟哌啶醇因副作用大 ,患者依从性差。 [结论 ]治疗多发性抽动症 ,宜首选泰必利。     

环磷酰胺治疗儿童肾病综合征型紫癜性肾炎体会

目的探讨环磷酰胺(CTX)治疗儿童肾病综合征型紫癜性肾炎的疗效。方法48例肾病综合征型紫癜性肾炎随机分为治疗组(n=25)与对照组(n=23),治疗组给予泼尼松1.5~2.0mg·kg-1·d-1口服,双嘧达莫1~2g·kg-1·d-1口服,并用CTX8~10mg·kg-1·d-1,加入生理盐水100ml中静滴,2d为1个疗程,每4周给予1个疗程,总累积量<150mg/kg;对照组用泼尼松1.5~2.0mg·kg-1·d-1口服,双嘧达莫1~2g·kg-1·d-1口服。4个疗程后观察比较2组疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为96.0%,疗效优于对照组的82.6%(P<0.05)。2组治疗前后24小时尿蛋白定量、血清白蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯均有显著差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),且治疗组明显优越于对照组(P<0.01),无明显不良反应。结论采用小剂量、长间隔CTX治疗儿童肾病综合征型紫癜性肾炎疗效好,不良反应少。     

甲基强的松龙冲击治疗重症过敏性紫癜的临床观察

目的 :探讨甲基强的松龙冲击治疗重症过敏性紫癜的疗效。方法 :将 86例重症过敏性紫癜患儿随机分成甲基强的松龙冲击治疗组和地塞米松治疗对照组 ,4 6例治疗组患儿用甲基强的松龙 15～ 30 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 ,加入 10 %葡萄糖液 10 0～ 2 0 0 ml中 ,1h内滴入 ,3d为 1个疗程 ,此后改为强的松 1mg· kg- 1· d- 1口服 ,逐渐减药至停用。 4 0例对照组给予地塞米松 0 .3～ 0 .5 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 静脉滴注 ,病情明显改善后改用相同剂量的强的松口服 ,逐渐减量至停用。结果 :治疗组皮疹消退、腹痛消退、消化道症状完全消退、关节症状消退及肾损害恢复时间明显短于对照组 (P<0 .0 1或 0 .0 5 ) ,紫癜复发率 (6 .5 2 % )明显低于对照组 (2 7.5 % ) ,P<0 .0 1。结论 :甲基强的松龙冲击治疗重症过敏性紫癜安全有效 ,是防止复发、减轻肾脏损害较好的治疗措施。     

大剂量雷公藤多甙对慢性肾炎的疗效观察

目的 观察双倍剂量雷公藤多甙对慢性肾小球肾炎的疗效和副作用.方法 选择24小时尿蛋白量在1.00g～3.00g之间的慢性肾小球肾炎患者63例,随机分为A、B二组,A组(31例)为对照组,即常规剂量雷公藤治疗组,给予患者雷公藤多甙片1.0mg/kg.d-1治疗.B组(32例)为双倍剂量雷公藤治疗组,给予患者雷公藤多甙片(20mg/kg.d1)治疗.分别在治疗前,治疗3个月后测各患者的24小时尿蛋白、尿白细胞介索-6(IL-6)以及肝功能和血常规.结果 治疗后B组患者较A组患者的24尿蛋白,尿IL-6的排泄量均有明显减少,而副作用无明显增加.结论 大剂量雷公藤多甙对慢性肾小球肾炎的治疗安全有效.     

大剂量雷公藤多甙对慢性肾炎的疗效观察

目的 观察双倍剂量雷公藤多甙对慢性肾小球肾炎的疗效和副作用.方法 选择24小时尿蛋白量在1.00g～3.00g之间的慢性肾小球肾炎患者63例,随机分为A、B二组,A组(31例)为对照组,即常规剂量雷公藤治疗组,给予患者雷公藤多甙片1.0mg/kg.d-1治疗.B组(32例)为双倍剂量雷公藤治疗组,给予患者雷公藤多甙片(20mg/kg.d1)治疗.分别在治疗前,治疗3个月后测各患者的24小时尿蛋白、尿白细胞介索-6(IL-6)以及肝功能和血常规.结果 治疗后B组患者较A组患者的24尿蛋白,尿IL-6的排泄量均有明显减少,而副作用无明显增加.结论 大剂量雷公藤多甙对慢性肾小球肾炎的治疗安全有效.     

双倍剂量雷公藤公甙治疗原发性肾病综合征疗效观察

目的 :探讨双倍剂量雷公藤多甙以间歇用药维持方案治疗原发性肾病综合征的疗效。方法 :对原发性肾病综合征患者服用雷公藤多甙片 2mg/kg·d诱导治疗 4周后改间歇疗法 ,服 1周停 1周 ,交替进行 ,并观察相关指标及副反应。结果 :5 2例原发性肾病综合征患者获完全缓解 12例 (2 3 .0 8% ) ,显著缓解 2 0例 (3 8.46% ) ,部分缓解 11例(2 1 15 % ) ,无效 9例 (17.3 1% ) ,总有效率为 82 .69%。所有患者副反应轻微 ,有 5例患者因药物减量及继发上呼吸道感染后复发 ,重新双倍剂量雷公藤多甙或延长治疗时间仍有效。结论 :双倍剂量雷公藤多甙继以间歇用药维持方案治疗原发性肾病综合征具有较好的疗效 ,可作为首选治疗     

丙种球蛋白和强的松联合治疗儿童原发性血小板减少性紫癜46例疗效观察

目的　探讨丙种球蛋白和强的松联合治疗儿童原发性血小板减少性紫癜 (ITP)的疗效。方法　治疗组采用静脉丙种球蛋白 4 0 0mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ,连用 3～ 5d ,同时加服强的松 1 5～ 2mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ,疗程 4周 ;对照组单用强的松 1 5～ 1mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ,疗程 4周。结果　两种方法治疗 7d ,患儿血小板 (PLT)≥ 1 0 0× 1 0 9/L所占比例 ,治疗组为 75 % ,对照组为 30 8% (P <0 .0 5 )。两种方法治疗 4周 ,患儿血小板 (PLT)≥ 1 0 0× 1 0 9/L所占比例 ,治疗组为 85 % ,对照组为 6 9 2 % (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　丙种球蛋白和强的松联合治疗ITP早期疗效明显优于单用强的松 ,但后期疗效无差异     

罗红霉素联合青霉素治疗小儿化脓性扁桃体炎疗效观察

目的　探讨罗红霉素联合青霉素治疗小儿化脓性扁桃体炎的临床疗效。方法　将 65例小儿化脓性扁桃体炎患儿随机分为两组 ,治疗组 ( 3 0例 )口服罗红霉素 5～ 10mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 ,每天 2次 ,青霉素 10～ 2 0万U·mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 ,分 2次肌肉注射 ,3日为 1疗程 ;对照组 3 5例予青霉素 10～ 2 0万U·mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 ,分 2次肌肉注射 ,3日为 1疗程 ,两组均连续治疗 1～ 2个疗程。结果　治疗组总有效率为 96.7% ;对照组总有效率为 71.4%。治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组 ,差异有统计学意义 ( P <0 .0 1)。结论　罗红霉素联合青霉素治疗小儿化脓性扁桃体炎安全、方便、疗效显著 ,值得临床推广。     

不同方案丙种球蛋白治疗小儿急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜疗效比较

:目的　探讨应用不同方案丙种球蛋白治疗小儿急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜的疗效。方法　 46例病人随机分成 2组。大剂量短程组 (Ⅰ组 )采用丙种球蛋白 40 0mg·kg-1·d-1静脉滴注 ,连用 5d ;中剂量长程组 (Ⅱ组 )采用丙种球蛋白 2 0 0mg·kg-1·d-1静脉滴注 ,连用 5d ,以后每周 1次 ,连用 4次 ,1个月后再用 1次。结果　 2组止血时间、血小板开始上升时间、血小板达到峰值时间、血小板峰值比较差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;而治疗 4周时血小板计数 ,Ⅱ组明显高于Ⅰ组 (P <0 .0 1)。用丙种球蛋白后血中血小板相关免疫球蛋白 (PAIgG)含量Ⅱ组明显低于Ⅰ组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　丙种球蛋白中剂量长程疗法治疗小儿急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜长期疗效优于大剂量短程疗法     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.