肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌

目的分析肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效及安全性。方法原发性肝癌的患者60例,随机分为对照组(行肝动脉化疗栓塞术)30例,病例组(行肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合射频消融术)30例,对比研究两组的临床疗效及安全性。结果病例组总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者第1年生存率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);病例组第2、3、5年生存率显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌具有较好的临床疗效,能提高患者远期生存率,安全性与单一行肝动脉化疗栓塞术无显著性差异。     

肝动脉栓塞化疗联合经皮射频消融治疗老年人肝癌

我院2000年2月～2003年2月开展肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）联合经皮射频消融（PRFA）治疗不能手术治疗的老年人肝癌的临床研究,以探讨2种方法联合治疗的价值.     

术中射频消融加肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗肝细胞性肝癌

目的探讨开腹术中射频消融（RFA）后行肝动脉造影（DSA）及肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）治疗肝细胞性肝癌的必要性。方法开腹术中射频消融治疗原发性肝癌50例，术后2周常规行DSA及TACE术，再3周后复查CT及AFP。结果DSA＋TACE术发现肿瘤染色及碘化油聚集9例（18％），CT复查见碘化油异常沉积10例（10％），AFP转阴43例（86％），AFP不升高5例（10％），总有效率96％。结论开腹术中射频消融后行DSA＋TACE治疗肝细胞性肝癌是一种非常必要、有效的方法，有望能提高生存率。     

69例Ⅱ期原发性肝癌的非手术治疗效果观察

目的观察Ⅱ期原发性肝癌的非手术治疗效果。方法 69例不能手术切除的TNMⅡ期肝癌患者中,38例行超声引导下肝癌射频消融（RFA）治疗,术后配合化疗或无水乙醇注射（PEI）等综合治疗;20例行以肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）为主的综合治疗。结果射频治疗者术后无严重并发症,出现胸腔或腹腔积液13例、低热29例;TACE治疗者术后出现低热15例,轻微腹痛8例。本组1、2、3 a生存率分别为89.7%、67.2%、39.7%。其中射频治疗者分别为92.1%、73.6%、44.7%,TACE治疗者分别为85.0%、55.0%、30.0%。结论不能手术切除的肝癌患者采用综合治疗可延长生存期。     

肝动脉插管化疗栓塞联合射频消融对大肝癌疗效评价

目的 探讨经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合射频消融(RFA)治疗大肝癌的临床应用价值.方法 收集我院2006年4月～2008年7月肝细胞癌患者66例,并将其分为经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞+射频消融组(19例)、经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞组(24例)和射频消融组(23例),并将其疗效进行比较.结果 经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞+射频消融组的肿瘤坏死率达73.68％,明显高于单纯经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞组及单纯射频消融组(分别为50.00％和52.17％,P＜0.01或P＜0.05).局部复发率分别为26.32％、37.50％和30.43％,3组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞+射频消融组的平均生存期为28.3个月,高于经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞组与单纯射频消融组(分别为13.6个月、21.7个月,P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论 经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗大肝癌与单纯经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞和单纯射频消融治疗效果相比,可提高肿瘤坏死率,延长患者生存期.     

载瘤动脉栓塞阻断血流对射频消融治疗原发性肝癌效果的影响

目的探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）阻断载瘤动脉血流提高经皮射频消融（RFA）治疗原发性肝癌的效果。方法选择原发性肝癌100例,随机分为两组各50例,一组采用TACE＋RFA治疗,另一组单纯采用RFA治疗,评价两组肿瘤坏死率及生存率的差异。结果TACE＋RFA组的肿瘤坏死率、12个月生存率明显高于RFA组,局部复发率明显低于RFA组,差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。TACE＋RFA组无严重并发症出现,RFA组出现包膜下出血2例,均为CT明显强化病例,经内科止血治疗后好转。结论TACE阻断载瘤动脉血流可明显提高RFA治疗原发性肝癌的效果。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞及瘤体内注射化疗药物、乙酸治疗原发性肝癌

目的研究肝动脉化疗栓塞及CT或B超引导下瘤体内注射化疗药物、乙酸治疗原发性肝癌的临床价值。方法选择33例中晚期肝癌分为两组，18例单纯应用肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗，15例采用综合治疗（TACE＋瘤体内注射化疗药物及乙酸）。结果综合治疗组肿瘤缩小率、AFP下降率分别为86．6％、83．3％，而单纯TACE组分别为55．6％及40％，两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。1、2、3、4年生存率综合治疗组分别为96．7％、86．6％、51．3％、33．3％，而单纯治疗组分别为66．7％、444％、167％、0％，两组比较亦有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论TACE＋瘤内注射化疗药物及乙酸综合治疗是提高中晚期厚发性肝癌生存率的有效方法。     

肝癌的局部区域治疗

局部区域治疗在影像学引导下靶向杀伤肿瘤,是原发性肝癌最主要的非手术治疗方法,包括放射介入治疗（主要为肝动脉化疗栓塞）和局部消融治疗（瘤内乙醇注射、射频、微波、激光、高强度聚焦超声、冷冻等治疗）。肝动脉化疗栓塞主要应用于不能手术切除的中晚期肝癌,局部消融治疗适用于直径5cm以下的小肝癌。肝癌局部区域治疗强调针对具体病情选择合适的方法进行规范治疗。本文简要评述各种局部区域治疗方法的指征、治疗原则、技术要点和疗效,并讨论手术切除与局部消融治疗小肝癌的选择。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合脾动脉灌注化疗治疗原发性肝癌的临床研究

目的观察肝动脉化疗栓塞联合经脾动脉间接性门静脉内灌注化疗药物治疗原发性肝癌的疗效,并探讨患者血清细胞因子的变化。方法30例原发性肝癌患者行肝动脉化疗栓塞,40例行肝动脉化疗栓塞联合经脾动脉间接性门静脉内灌注化疗药物,采用ELISA法测定患者术后血清TNF-α、IL-2、sIL-2R和VEGF水平。结果两组治疗后血清TNF-α、sIL-2R和VEGF水平均较治疗前降低（P〈0．01）,而IL-2升高（R＜0．01）;双灌注治疗后1、2和3年生存率分别为72．5％、55％和25％,而TACE治疗组则分别为60％、30％和6．7％,两组间存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论双灌注介入治疗原发性肝癌能改善机体的免疫状况,提高疗效。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合CT引导下射频消融序贯治疗老年原发性肝癌的临床疗效

目的观察肝动脉化疗栓塞联合CT引导下射频消融序贯治疗老年原发性肝癌的临床疗效。方法选取老年原发性肝癌患者144例,随机分为观察组(肝动脉化疗栓塞联合CT引导下射频消融治疗)与对照组(CT引导下射频消融治疗)。手术结束后4 w评价两组近期疗效,记录手术相关并发症,并随访治疗6个月后患者肝功能情况。结果手术4 w后观察组总有效率为88.89%,明显高于对照组(72.22%,P0.05)。术后6个月后观察组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素水平均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术后总并发症发生率为80.56%,与对照组(69.44%)差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用肝动脉化疗栓塞联合CT引导下射频消融序贯治疗可提高老年原发性肝癌患者的近期疗效,改善患者肝功能。     

经导管动脉化疗栓塞后联合CT引导射频消融肝癌的初步应用

目的 探讨经导管动脉化疗栓塞(TALE)后联合CT引导射频消融(RFA)治疗肝癌的治疗效果并探讨相关介入技术.方法 14例肝癌患者共21个病灶,Child-Pugh分级A级或B级,分别TACE联合CT引导下(RFA)治疗,治疗术前术后均行CT、MRI等影像学检查,并定期随访21个月.结果 14例患者21个病灶的联...     

经动脉化学栓塞和经皮冷冻序贯治疗肝细胞癌

目的 评价经动脉化学栓塞(TACE)和经皮冷冻序贯治疗无法切除的肝细胞肝癌(HCC)的疗效.方法 将420例无法手术切除的HCC患者分为TACE-冷冻序贯治疗组290例(序贯组)和单纯冷冻组130例(冷冻组).TACE按常规操作,术后2～4周行经皮冷冻治疗.1个月及以后每2～3个月随访1次,包括肝脏超声和(或)腹部CT,并检测血清甲胎蛋白(AFP).结果 平均随访(42±17)个月(范围24～70个月),所有患者消融灶局部复发率为17%,序贯组和冷冻组分别为11%和24%(P=0.001).1、2、3、4和5年平均存活率分别为72%、57%、47%、39%和31%.序贯组1年和2年存活率(71%和61%)与冷冻组(73%和54%)相似(P值分别=0.69和0.147);而4年和5年存活率,序贯组(49%和39%)高于冷冻组(21%和23%,P=0.001).序贯组有18例肿瘤直径＞5cm的患者存活逾5年,而冷冻组无一例.全组并发症发生率为24%,序贯组和冷冻组分别为21%和26%(P=0.06).冷冻组肝出血的发生率显著高于序贯组(P=0.02),且有2例发生肝破裂.结论 冷冻治疗前先行TACE能提高冷冻消融的疗效,减少其并发症,特别是肝出血.TACE和冷冻序贯疗法可能是治疗不能切除性HCC,特别是大肝癌的较好方法 .     

Rapid progression of hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in the primary tumour region

We report one patient who showed rapid progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) for a small HCC measuring 2.5 cm in diameter. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following treatment showed complete tumour necrosis and did not reveal the presence of a tumour around the treated area. Furthermore, the serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level decreased at the completion of therapy. However, the HCC advanced in a very short time. Numerous tumours around the treated area were observed on enhanced computed tomography (CT) 50 days after PRFA. It is strongly suspected that the tumour was disseminated through the portal system because of the presence pattern of tumours. We believe this to be the first case illustrating a hepatic cancer that progressed rapidly following TACE and PRFA.     

立体定向放射联合肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌临床分析

目的探讨立体定向放射治疗联合经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法单纯TACE治疗58例,TACE联合伽玛刀治疗62例肝癌患者,比较治疗后的近期和远期疗效。结果在治疗后3个月,在单纯TACE治疗的58例患者中,总有效率(CR+PR)为60.3%(35/58),在TACE联合伽玛刀治疗组的62例患者中,总有效率(CR+PR)为79.0%(49/62,P0.01);TACE组治疗后1年、2年和3年生存率分别为67.2%(39/58)、34.5%(20/58)和18.9%(11/58),TACE联合伽玛刀组分别为72.6%(45/62)、41.9%(26/62)和22.6%(14/62)。结论立体定向放射治疗联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌是治疗肝癌安全有效的方法,可以提高患者的生存率。     

Oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil hepatic infusion with lipiodolized chemoembolization in large hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To investigate transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) with hepatic infusion of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil and Lipiodol chemoembolization in large hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: In this retrospective study, 132 patients with unresectable HCCs larger than 10 cm were treated with hepatic infusion of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil followed by Lipiodol chemoembolization. The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS). Sixteen-week disease-control rate, time to progression(TTP), and major complications were also studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors affecting OS and TTP.RESULTS: A total of 319 procedures were performed in the 132 patients. Eleven(8.3%) patients received radical resection following TACE treatment(median time to initial TACE 4.3 ± 2.3 mo). The median OS and TTP were 10.3 and 3.0 mo respectively, with a 50.0% 16-wk disease-control rate. Major complications were encountered in 6.0%(8/132) of patients following TACE and included serious jaundice in 1.5%(2/132) patients, aleukia in 1.5%(2/132), and hepatic failure in 3.0%(4/132). One patient died within one month due to serious hepatic failure and severe sepsis after receiving the second TACE. The risk factor associated with TTP was baseline alpha-fetoprotein level, and vascular invasion was an independent factor related to OS.CONCLUSION: Hepatic infusion of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil followed by lipiodolized-chemoembolization is a safe and promising treatment for patients with HCCs larger than 10 cm in diameter.     

Evaluation of transarterial chemoembolization combined with percutaneous ethanol ablation for large hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To assess the effects of combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) and percutaneous ethanol ablation(PEA) in patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:A total of 63 patients with unresectable large HCC were treated with TACE followed by PEA.The largest dimension of the tumors ranged from 5.3 cm to 17.8 cm.The survival rates,acute effects,toxicity and prognostic factors were analyzed.RESULTS:The cumulative survival rates at 1,3 and 5 years were 59.4%,28.4% and 15.8%,respecti...     

Comparative study of cisplatin and epirubicin in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

Aim: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is an established treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it is unclear which chemotherapeutic agent should be selected for TACE. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of cisplatin (CDDP) with that of epirubicin (EPI) in TACE for patients with unresectable or relapsed HCC. Methods: We performed a historical cohort study involving 131 patients treated with a first TACE, defined as either an initial treatment for previously untreated HCC or a first treatment for relapsed HCC after curative resections or ablations. Efficacy was estimated as the response rate (RR) and it was adjusted for the confounding factors that were defined in this study. Results: The RR were 62.5% (20/32) for the first TACE with CDDP and 51.5% (51/99) for that with EPI. In the adjusted analysis for a history of hepatectomy, percutaneous treatment combined with TACE and tumor factors, the odds ratio was 1.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70–4.48). However, a test for interaction between the number of tumors and the chemotherapeutic agent was statistically significant (P = 0.016). In multiple HCC, the RR were 66.7% (10/17) for CDDP and 39.6% (30/46) for EPI. The odds ratio was 4.11 (95% CI = 1.14–17.2). Conclusion: CDDP may be more effective than EPI in TACE for multiple HCC. A randomized controlled study is needed to clarify the efficacy of CDDP in TACE in patients with multiple HCC.     

Sequential use of transarterial chemoembolization and percutaneous cryosurgery for hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM： To evaluate the efficacy of sequential use of transarterial chemoembolization （TACE） and percutaneous cryosurgery for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. METHODS： Four hundred and twenty patients were enrolled in this study. The patients, who were considered to have unresectable tumors due to their location or size or comorbidity, were divided into sequential TACE-cryosurgery （sequential） group （n = 290） and cryosurgery alone （cryoalone） group （n = 130）. Patients in the sequential group tended to have larger tumors and a greater number of tumors than those in the cryo-alone group. Tumors larger than 10 cm in diameter were only seen in the sequential group. TACE was performed with the routine technique and percutaneous cryosurgery was conducted under the guidance of ultrasound 2-4 wk after TACE. RESULTS： During a mean follow-up period of 42 ± 17 mo （range, 24-70 mo）, the local recurrence rate at the ablated area was 17% for all patients, 11% and 23% for patients in sequential group and cryoalone groups, respectively （P = 0.001）. The overall 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year survival rate was 72%, 57%, 47%, 39% and 31%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year survival rates （71% and 61%） in sequential group were similar to those （73% and 54%） in cryo-alone group （P = 0.69 and 0.147）, while the 4- and 5-year survival rates were 49% and 39% in sequential group, higher than those （29% and 23%） in cryo-alone group （P = 0.001）. Eighteen patients with large HCC （〉 5 cm in diameter） survived for more than 5 years after sequential TACE while no patient with large HCC （〉 5 cm in diameter） survived more than 5 years after cryosurgery. The overall complication rate was 24%, and the complication rates were 21% and 26% for the sequential and cryo-alone groups, respectively （P = 0.06）. The incidence of hepatic bleeding was higher in cryo-alone group than in sequential group （P = 0.02）. Liver crack only occurred in two patients of the cryoalone group. CONCLUSION： Pre-cryosurgical TACE can increase the cryoablation efficacy and decrease its adverse effects, especially bleeding. Sequential TACE and cryosurgery may be the better procedure for unresectable HCC, especially for large HCC.     

Combined therapy with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and percutaneous microwave coagulation for small hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM： To assess the efficacy of combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE） and percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy （PMCT） for small hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）.
METHODS： Thirty-five patients with a total of 41 HCC nodules （≤ 3 cm in diameter） were treated with TACE followed by computed tomograghy （CT）-guided percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy （PMCT） within 1-3 wk.
RESULTS： By biopsies and enhanced CT scans, complete necrosis of the tumor and 3-5 mm of the surrounding non-cancerous area were observed in 34 foci. In seven foci, incomplete necrosis of the surrounding parenchyma was observed. Serum alphafetoprotein （AFP） levels returned to normal 10 d after treatment in 25 patients who originally had high serum AFP levels. The follow-up period was 6-31 mo, and all patients remained alive. One patient had a recurrence in the subsegments of the liver, and another patient had a recurrence near the original lesion.
CONCLUSION： Combined therapy with TACE and PMCT is a safe and effective treatment without severe complications for small HCC.     

Transarterial chemoembolization as initial treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in southern China

AIM:To identify prognostic factors from pretreatment variables of the initial transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)procedure in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). METHODS:One thousand and five hundred and sixtynine patients with unresectable HCC underwent TACE as initial treatment were retrospectively studied.Pretreatment variables of the initial TACE procedure with a P value less than 0.05 by univariate analysis were subjected to Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS:The median overall survival ...