纤支镜高频电刀治疗气管支气管结核

目的探讨经纤维支气管镜高频电刀治疗支气管结核的疗效。方法对在我科住院治疗的45例肉芽增殖型和瘢痕狭窄型的气管支气管结核患者,经纤支镜高频电切、电灼肉芽组织和瘢痕,扩大管腔,术后在病灶内注入异烟肼0.2、丁胺卡那0.4和地塞米松5 mg,并观察其疗效。结果 43例患者解除和缓解气道阻塞,症状消失,肺部病灶明显好转,治疗有效率95.6%。结论经纤支镜高频电刀治疗肉芽增殖型和瘢痕狭窄型的气管支气管结核会取得满意的疗效,但要掌握适应症和一定的操作技巧。     

纤支镜介导治疗气道内病变6例分析

目的探讨纤维支气管镜（纤支镜）介导下治疗气管内病变的疗效。方法纤支镜介导下对6例气道内病变（肺中分化鳞癌,支气管结核,腺样囊性癌,鳞状细胞乳头状瘤,纤维上皮样息肉,气管神经鞘瘤）患者进行治疗,观察疗效安全性等。结果经纤支镜介导治疗的气道内病变,有较好的临床疗效,未发生严重的并发症。结论纤支镜介导的治疗对于气道内病变是一种安全有效的治疗手段,必要时采取联合治疗方式（冷冻疗法＋局部注药、电灼＋冷冻、局部注药＋球囊扩张等）。     

经纤维支气管镜微波+局部注药治疗支气管结核的临床研究

目的探讨经纤维支气管镜微波+局部注药治疗支气管结核的价值。方法18例确诊为支气管结核并中心气道狭窄患者,其中初治肺结核13例,耐多药肺结核5例,应用纤支镜微波+局部注药介入治疗,观察顽固性咳嗽、呼吸困难、肺不张及支气管管径的变化情况。结果18例中心气道狭窄患者经纤支镜微波+局部注药介入治疗4～8次均取得成功,咳嗽、呼吸困难、肺不张及支气管管径明显改善。结论内镜下微波+局部注药治疗支气管结核,治愈率高,并发症少,值得推广。     

纤维支气管镜给药治疗支气管结核的护理

支气管结核（Endobronchial tuberculosis EBTB）是指发生在气管、支气管黏膜和黏膜下层的结核病,可并发支气管阻塞、肺叶或肺段不张。单纯应用抗结核药物化疗,药物很难达到支气管黏膜,病变部位的药物浓度低,有时难以取得较好的治疗效果。应用纤支镜局部给药并联合抗结核药物治疗支气管结核,可提高疗效。现将我科2006年1月-2006年12月经纤支镜局部给药治疗的34例EBTB患者的护理体会报告如下。     

纤维支气管镜下局部注药治疗气管、支气管结核的疗效观察

目的　为探讨气管、支气管结核纤维支气管镜 (简称纤支镜)下注药加化疗的临床疗效。方法 对经纤支镜检查、痰找抗酸杆菌以及临床明确诊断的气管、支气管结核分为化疗加纤支镜下注药治疗组和单纯化疗组,观察两组疗效,以及镜下不同类型有效率比较。结果 治疗 2个月后纤支镜组的临床症状、胸部X线表现、痰菌阴转率以及纤支镜下改变与单纯化疗组比较有非常显著性差异及显著性差异 (P＜0.01,P＜0.05),治疗 6月后痰菌阴转率及纤支镜下改变纤支镜组与单纯化疗组比较有显著性差异 (P＜0.05),镜下分型以肉芽增殖型、溃疡坏死型纤支镜组优于单纯化疗组,支气管炎型和瘢痕狭窄型纤支镜组与单纯化疗组对比无显著性差异。结论 肉芽增殖型、溃疡坏死型气管、支气管结核可采取化疗加纤支镜下注药,该治疗方法不仅能迅速缓解病人临床症状,而且能促进病灶吸收,提高临床疗效。     

经纤维支气管镜注药联合雾化吸入治疗支气管结核的疗效观察

目的 探讨支气管结核经全身抗结核治疗同时辅以经纤支镜注药及雾化吸入的治疗效果。 方法 将228例确诊为支气管结核的住院患者随机分为研究组116例和对照组112例。研究组在全身抗结核治疗同时给予定期经纤支镜注药及雾化吸入,对照组单纯给予全身抗结核治疗。分别对2组在治疗2个月末和8个月末的临床治疗效果进行比较。 结果治疗2个月末和8个月末,研究组的临床症状改善、痰菌阴转率、病灶吸收好转、纤支镜下改变和对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01,P<0.05）。镜下分型研究组,肉芽增殖型、溃疡坏死型的疗效和对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01, P<0.05）。 结论 全身抗结核治疗同时辅以经纤维支气管镜（纤支镜）注药及雾化吸入治疗支气管结核在临床症状改善、痰菌阴转率、胸部X线片病灶吸收方面的疗效明显优于单纯的全身抗结核治疗。     

电子支气管镜下冷冻及氩气序贯治疗肉芽增殖型支气管结核的临床疗效分析

目的探讨冷冻及氩气序贯治疗肉芽增殖型支气管结核的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我科2013年1月至2015年10月进行气管镜下治疗的肉芽增殖型支气管结核患者328例,所有患者均给予全身抗结核治疗,其中157例单纯进行冷冻治疗,171例行冷冻及氩气序贯治疗。通过评估局部治疗4次后对患者的症状,影像学改变及气管镜下表现等指标进行疗效分析。结果冷冻及氩气序贯治疗肉芽增殖型支气管结核的总有效率(98.83%)明显高于单纯冷冻治疗(88.54%),且出血风险明显降低。结论冷冻及氩气序贯治疗肉芽增殖型支气管结核临床疗效确切,并发症少,值得临床推广。     

经纤维支气管镜诊治支气管结核临床分析

目的探讨经纤维支气管镜诊断、治疗支气管内膜结核的价值。方法 47例患者采用日本Olympus BF-P20型纤维支气管镜刷片检查抗酸杆菌和病理检查诊断为支气管内膜结核,并于纤支镜下局部多点注射异烟肼治疗。结果 47例患者根据纤支镜下表现可分为浸润型9例,溃病型16例,增殖型15例和纤维狭窄型7例;发病部位:左上叶气管受累10例,左舌叶气管受累10例,左下叶气管受累9例,右上叶气管受累7例,右中叶气管受累6例,右下叶气管受累5例;经纤支镜局部注射药物治疗后症状好转,糜烂、坏死、溃疡、息肉病灶消散。结论纤支镜检是支气管内膜结核最重要的检查方法之一。经纤支镜多点药物局部注射治疗是支气管内膜结核有效治疗手段。     

经纤支镜微波治疗气管支气管疾患疗效相关因素分析

目的探讨经纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)微波治疗气管支气管疾患的疗效，及其相关因素。方法经纤支镜采用微波组织凝固和微波透热疗法治疗。结果对恶性肿瘤单个瘤体腔内阻塞有效率82．5％，弥漫性肿块及浸润有效率55．6％；对支气管内膜结核的有效率：Ⅱ型溃疡肉芽型有效率100％，Ⅲ型肉芽增殖型76．5％，Ⅳ型瘢痕狭窄型14．3％；对良性肿瘤、肉芽肿的有效率：单发或多发性腔内去除有效率100％；其它疤痕的有效率：长度小于1cm的急慢性炎性疤痕有效率100％，陈旧性纤维疤痕无效；对非结核性糜烂和局限性增殖性兰色变性有效率100％；而弥漫性增殖性兰色变性无效。结论经纤支镜微波治疗疗效与疾病的种类、分型、分期密切相关，与气道内病变的形态、大小、范围、气道狭窄程度等因素也密切相关。     

经纤维支气管镜诊治支气管结核50例分析

目的探讨纤支镜在支气管结核诊治中的价值。方法对50例支气管结核按纤支镜常规方法进行检查,直视下于病变部位行支气管黏膜活检、刷检涂片送病理学检查及结核菌检查。结果经病理组织学检查证实为结核病变或刷检涂片结核菌阳性者50例,男女比率为1∶3.3,纤支镜下所见炎症浸润型6例（12.0%）,溃疡坏死型25例（50.0%）,肉芽增殖型17例（34.0%）,疤痕狭窄型2例（4.0%）。病变部位气管、主支气管及各叶支气管均可累及,但以主支气管、双肺上叶支气管、中叶及舌叶最多见,所有病例均经纤支镜局部病灶部位注入异烟肼＋全程化疗,疗效满意。结论临床上支气管结核并不少见,极易误诊,支气管镜在支气管结核诊治中的应用具有不可替代的重要地位。     

氩气高频电刀治疗尖锐湿疣疗效观察

目的对比氩气高频电刀和高频电刀治疗尖锐湿疣的临床疗效.方法通过尖锐湿疣患者自身对照,对双侧相应部位类似皮损,用氩气高频电刀和高频电刀不同方法进行治疗,随访观察两种方法的治疗效果和副反应情况,并做动物实验,用组织病理切片等方法,观察两种治疗方法对家兔皮肤的损伤和修复的差异.结果临床观察结果109例患者,2周内,用氩气高频电刀组伤口愈合者106例占97.25%;用高频电刀组伤口愈合者仅65例占59.63%.发生副反应者氩气高频电刀组36例占33.03%;高频电刀组98例占89.99%.动物实验显示氩气高频电刀对组织的损伤小、修复快;高频电刀对组织的损伤大、修复慢.结论用氩气高频电刀治疗尖锐湿疣有其一定的优越性.     

支气管结核介入诊治的认识和思考

支气管结核（EBTB）的介入诊断和治疗有了长足的进展,但也面临着诸多的问题,有必要加深认识和思考。EBTB的支气管镜下目前分为5型,即炎症浸润型（Ⅰ型）、溃疡坏死型（Ⅱ型）、肉芽增殖型（Ⅲ型）、瘢痕狭窄型（Ⅳ型）和管壁软化型（Ⅴ型）,建议在原来EBTB＂五型＂的基础上将结核性支气管瘘从第Ⅱ型中分离出来成为单独的类型,即Ⅵ型。在支气管结核的治疗中,应根据不同的类型,采用包括高频电刀、冷冻、氩气刀、激光、支架置入、球囊扩张以及黏膜下穿刺注射抗结核药物等综合介入技术进行治疗。     

支气管镜在气管支气管结核诊断中的临床价值

目的探讨支气管镜检查在气管支气管结核诊断中的临床应用价值,以用于气管支气管结核早期诊治。方法收集唐都医院呼吸内科2013年11月1日至2015年10月31日诊断的气管支气管结核212例住院患者临床资料,分析支气管镜检查结果及临床特点。结果 212例患者中,经电子支气管镜检查确诊为气管、支气管结核患者,其中痰菌阳性患者151例(71.2%),合并肺结核者195例,合并其他肺外结核者17例,具有结核中毒症状者182例,支气管镜下溃疡坏死型最多(29.7%)。由于气管支气管结核临床表现不特异,临床误诊率高,本组212例患者中,误诊率高达25.9%,误诊时间最长为8个月,临床危害大。结论支气管镜检查在气管支气管结核诊断中具有重要的临床价值。     

Primary tracheobronchial non-Hodgkin lymphoma causing life-threatening airway obstruction: a case report

Primary tracheobronchial non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a rare tracheobronchial tumor that typically presents as an endobronchial mass and/or mucosal infiltration together with lymphadenopathy. Here we report a case of primary tracheobronchial NHL which was confirmed by histopathological analysis of the endobronchial biopsy specimens. We initially could not treat with chemotherapy because the life-threatening obstruction of the bilateral main bronchi caused by NHL. After interventional bronchoscopy involving cryotherapy, electrocautery and argon plasma coagulation to successfully alleviate airway obstruction, we were able to administer chemotherapy, which elicited a good response. This case illustrates that NHL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of central airway obstruction. Interventional bronchoscopy is an effective method to alleviate airway obstruction in primary tracheobronchial NHL and prepare the patient to receive tumor-specific chemotherapy and other treatments.     

A clinical study on 65 cases with tracheobronchial tuberculosis

We recently diagnosed 65 cases with tracheobronchial tuberculosis using fiberbronchoscope. All the patients presented TB symptoms and were smear positive, some of them had been misdiagnosed for chronic bronchitis or lung cancer. Among them, 16 cases were simple tracheobronchial tuberculosis (24.6%) without TB lesions in the lungs. The results show that fiberbronchoscopic examination is a good method to diagnose tracheobronchial tuberculosis and distinguish lung cancer by direct observation of tracheobronchial lostons or brush biopsy for TB.     

Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in the Nord Department of France during 1995.

In order to determine the current situation and to evaluate the human to human transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Northern France, the genetic polymorphism of strains was studied by using IS6110 fingerprint. One hundred and fifty-eight cases of bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis were analyzed. One hundred and twenty-six patients (82%) were infected with genetically different isolates and 28 isolates (18%) were grouped into 14 clusters. No risk factors for recent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections such as age, HIV status, immigrants, living in big cities were identified. This study shows that there was no major epidemic situation of tuberculosis in Northern France in 1995. Tuberculosis was characterized by a low proportion of HIV positive patients and a high proportion of elderly patients.     

Matrix metalloproteinase-1 polymorphism in Taiwanese patients with endobronchial tuberculosis

Endobronchial tuberculosis (TB) often leads to some degree of tracheobronchial stenosis. Because matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an essential role in tissue remodeling in the airways, we investigated the role of MMP-1 polymorphism in patients with endobronchial TB. One hundred and one cases of pulmonary TB in Taiwanese patients were genotyped for the 1G/2G polymorphism of MMP-1 promoter (-1607 bp). Bronchoscopic examination was performed to determine the presence of endobronchial involvement. Levels of MMP-1 in peripheral blood monocytes and in bronchial biopsies were also determined. 1G genotypes of MMP-1 polymorphism, containing at least one 1G allele, were associated with the presence of endobronchial TB. Using multivariate analysis, 1G genotypes and female gender were independent predictors of the development of endobronchial TB. Endobronchial TB patients with 1G genotypes had a 9.86-fold greater risk of developing tracheobronchial stenosis. IL-1beta increased levels of MMP-1 in peripheral blood monocytes of TB patients with 1G genotypes. MMP-1 activity was also present in the endobronchial TB granuloma from patients with 1G/1G genotype. 1G genotypes of MMP-1 polymorphism were associated with a greater risk of developing tracheobronchial stenosis through up-regulation of MMP-1 activity.     

Active bronchial tuberculosis--a clinical study on 36 cases

A total of 36 patients (16 male and 20 female) with tracheobronchial tuberculosis were admitted during the last nine years and were evaluated for their clinical features. The chief complaint in three quarters of the patients was intractable cough, in particular, in those with tracheal tuberculosis. One of three patients who suffered from wheezing was prescribed steroid, being diagnosed as having bronchial asthma instead of tuberculosis. Plain chest X-rays of two patients revealed no abnormality. Pleural effusion was observed in three patients, and miliary tuberculosis in two patients. Bronchial biopsy was carried out in 23 patients, however, in only 11 patients a histopathological diagnosis of tracheobronchial tuberculosis could be made. In contrast, in all 36 patients smear and/or culture for tubercle bacilli were positive. Therefore, bronchial biopsy was considered not to be essential in making a definite diagnosis of bronchial tuberculosis, although it did not exacerbate the lesion to lead to endobronchial stenosis. Only seven out of 36 patients were in the habit of smoking but three of the four had already broken the habit at least one year before being diagnosed as having the disease. The remaining four patients were still smoking but less than 10 cigarettes a day, with one exceptional patient who was smoking 30 cigarettes on average a day. It has been well known that there is a sexual difference in the incidence of bronchial tuberculosis, namely among females with relatively low population of smokers, the incidence is high. Another probable reason for the higher female incidence is assumed to be due to the structural susceptibility of the bronchus with smaller diameter lumen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

喉罩通气全麻下经支气管镜高频电刀治疗中央型肺癌12例的临床观察

目的：探讨喉罩通气全麻下经支气管镜应用高频电刀治疗晚期中央型肺癌导致的气道阻塞的疗效。方法：选择晚期中央型肺癌阻塞大气道导致呼吸困难的患者12例,在用异丙酚、芬太尼和维库溴铵行静脉全身麻醉后,再在喉罩通气下经支气管镜应用高频电刀对病变进行治疗。结果：12例患者经支气管镜下高频电力治疗后呼吸困难得到明显改善,气道直径由（3.20±1.56）mm扩大到（7.02±1.23）mm,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;气促评分治疗前为（2.90±0.66）级,治疗后为（1.05±0.32）级,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：全麻下经喉罩通气高频电刀治疗中央型肺癌导致的气道阻塞,可以迅速缓解患者呼吸困难症状,改善生活质量,同时术中借助喉罩通气扩大了气管镜下介入治疗的适应证,手术安全、可行,为临床治疗重度气道梗阻提供了一种新的治疗手段。     

大肠息肉125例内镜下治疗效果分析

目的探讨大肠息肉内镜下治疗的疗效及安全性。方法对2007年5月～2011年5月施行肠镜下息肉高频电凝切除的125例病例进行回顾性分析。结果本组125例患者,共281枚息肉均予高频电凝切除,治疗过程中98枚采用圈套电凝电切,91枚采用电凝烧灼,92枚采用氩离子凝固术。本组并发症中有4例并发出血,1例并发穿孔,并发症发生率为4．0％。结论内镜下高频电凝切除大肠息肉是一种简便、安全和有效的方法。