枯草芽孢杆菌的孢子液在微生物限度检查试验中的应用

目的:合理的菌悬液制备方法及使用可保证微生物限度试验操作简便、省时及检验结果的可靠性。方法:采用枯草芽孢杆菌的孢子液与枯草芽孢杆菌菌液进行回收率比较实验。结果:枯草芽孢杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌孢子回收率无显著差异,孢子略高于枯草芽孢杆菌。结论:枯草芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌孢子液均可用于微生物限度检查。     

瑞格列奈微生物限度检查方法的建立

目的:建立瑞格列奈的微生物限度检查方法。方法:用离心法制备供试品溶液,采用平皿法,选取大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌、黑曲霉作为验证菌进行方法学验证。结果:本方法可满足中国药典2010年版验证试验的基本要求。5株验证菌株中枯草芽孢杆菌对瑞格列奈最敏感,可作为瑞格列奈微生物限度检查方法的质控菌株。结论:该方法可作为瑞格列奈常规微生物限度检查方法。     

短小芽孢杆菌用于罗红霉素含量测定的结果

<中国药典>2000年版,罗红霉素含量测定采用微生物检定法,用枯草芽孢杆菌作为实验菌种.枯草芽孢杆菌所形成的菌层易成片状,使抑菌圈边缘出现不整齐,另外,由于枯草芽孢杆菌适宜的培养基颜色稍深,使用抑菌圈测量仪测量时,双碟的透光较差,影响检测结果.本实验使用枯草芽孢杆菌和短小芽孢杆菌作为实验菌种,对四种罗红霉素制剂进行了含量测定的对比实验.     

改进平板法建立克雷白杆菌生物被膜

生物被膜相关感染是慢性难治性感染的重要因素之一。目前 ,国内对于生物被膜的研究多集中于铜绿假单胞菌。Ｏｈｇａｋｉ报道 73%的慢性气道感染的病例气管粘膜表面发现生物被膜 ,致病菌主要为铜绿假单胞菌和克雷白杆菌。国内已成功建立了铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜模型 ,目前尚未见到克雷白杆菌生物被膜模型的报道。为研究克雷白杆菌生物被膜的理化特性和耐药机制 ,本文报道一建立克雷白杆菌生物被膜的方法。1　材料和方法1 1　材料　菌株 :选取肺炎克雷白杆菌 30株 (中国医大二院细菌室分离 )。培养基 :胰酶大豆肉汤 (ＴＳＢ ,法国ＢｉｏＭｅｒ…     

芽孢杆菌BI1的鉴定及其抑菌性研究

目的 对本实验室分离得到芽孢杆菌B11进行鉴定.方法 将该菌株的16S rDNA基因序列与GeneBank中已鉴定的16S rDNA序列对比,并结合生理生化实验综合分析.结果 菌株B11与枯草芽孢杆菌亲缘关系最为接近,16S rDNA基因相似性达到99.6%,生理生化实验结果与标准枯草芽孢杆菌一致.结论 将芽孢杆菌B11鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌.     

相关基因调控MRSA生物被膜形成的研究进展

由于抗菌药物的滥用,细菌耐药性越来越严重,其中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）因其具有广泛的耐药性已成为目前医院感染的重要致病菌之一,其所诱发的感染发病率也在迅速增加。MRSA形成的生物被膜有助于其在各种不良的生存环境下得以存活,其渗透障碍作用更能抵抗抗菌药物的渗入,使得MRSA对抗菌药物不敏感,耐药性有所增强从而加重感染。MRSA生物被膜的形成需要相关基因进行调控。因此本文主要通过对生物被膜形成过程中相关基因对其调控机制的研究进展进行概述。     

枯草芽孢杆菌BS224菌株抑菌作用的初步研究

目的 研究枯草芽孢杆菌BS224菌株抑菌物质的产生及作用机制。方法 分别取发酵后离心所得上清液和菌体破碎液以杯碟法测抑菌活性。结果 2500rpm一4000rpm离入所得上清液与菌体破碎液抑菌圈半径有显著差异。结论 枯草芽孢杆菌BS224菌株抑菌物质大多外分泌于发酵液中，以2500rpm一4000rpm离心可获取抑菌物质。     

微生物验证试验中枯草芽孢杆菌菌悬液制备的探讨

目的 探讨采用培养7 d芽孢量达到85%以上的枯草芽孢杆菌菌悬液代替培养18～24 h的菌悬液作为微生物菌落计数方法验证用菌液的可行性.方法 选取对枯草芽孢杆菌有抑制作用的6种药品,按<中国药典>2005年版附录微生物限度检查法的要求,采用2种菌悬液分别进行微生物验证试验,对验证结果进行比较.结果 2种菌悬液对同一供试品的验证结果保持一致.结论 采用培养7 d的枯草芽孢杆菌菌悬液作为微生物验证用菌液是可行的且更为合理.     

蜂胶浓缩液微生物限量检查方法的建立

目的:建立保健食品-蜂胶浓缩液的微生物限量检查方法.方法:采用薄膜过滤法可去除蜂胶浓缩液的抗茵活性.结果:5株验证菌株中枯草芽孢杆菌对蜂胶浓缩液最敏感,可作为蜂胶浓缩液微生物限量检查方法的质控菌株.结论:该方法可作为保健食品-蜂胶浓缩液的常规微生物限量检查方法.     

一种铜绿假单胞菌整合子相关性β—内酰胺酶（IBC—2）是广谱β—内酰胺酶IBC—1的突变体

枯草芽孢杆菌 16 8是研究最深入的芽孢杆菌 ,其基因组的全序列分析在 1997年完成。已知枯草芽孢杆菌 16 8产生 3种核糖体抗生素 (Tas A,subtilosin,sublancin)和 2种非核糖体抗生素 (surfactin,bacolysin)。Tamehiro等在近期的研究中发现 ,一种新的磷脂类抗生素 (命名为 bacilysocin)在枯草芽孢杆菌16 8细胞中积累或与该细胞有关 ,并通过核磁共振和质谱进行了结构测定 ,阐明其结构为 1- (12 -甲基四癸酰基 ) - 3-磷酸甘油甘油。bacilysocin具有抗菌活性 ,特别是对某些真菌。bacilysocin在枯草芽孢杆菌 16 8停止生长、形成耐热孢子前迅速产…     

Germ reduction by microwaves--microwave specific effects

A commercial 2450-MHz microwave oven has been used to inactivate microorganisms in pharmaceutical solutions and auxiliary materials. The present investigation is concerned with the possible existence of a specific microwave effect, potentiating the thermal effect of microwave irradiation. Bacillus subtilis suspensions in polyethylenglycol 300, distilled water and peanut oil were used. It is shown that microwave heating is significantly more lethal to Bacillus subtilis microorganisms than equivalent conventional heating.     

乙二胺四乙酸钠铁口服液微生物限度检查方法验证

目的：建立乙二胺四乙酸钠铁口服液的微生物限度检查法。方法：通过加菌回收的方法对不同批次产品进行验证。对照菌株为金黄色葡萄球菌，大肠埃希菌，枯草芽孢杆菌，白色念珠菌，黑曲霉。结果：常规法对照用阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌回收率〈70％，薄膜过滤法回收率均〉80％。结论：薄膜过滤法可有效去除乙二胺四乙酸钠铁口服液的抑菌活性。用该法进行微生物限度检查。可行性强。能达到检测目的。     

Biodegradation of DNA and nucleotides to nucleosides and free bases

Thirty-two different microorganisms were examined in order to check their ability to degrade an exogenous DNA. Bacteria from species: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Brevundimonas diminuta, Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium butyricum and fungus Fusarium moniliforme were capable to degrade DNA to nucleic bases or their derivatives. Degradation of DNA by S. maltophilia resulted in formation of free bases, such as hypoxanthine, thymine, uracil and xanthine. The optimum concentration of DNA seemed to be 3 mg ml(-1). The mode of degradation of DNA nucleotides depended on the type of nucleotide and its concentration, but nucleic bases or their derivatives were always formed at the end of the reaction process.     

11种口服中成药微生物限度检查方法验证

目的:研究11种口服中成药的抑菌作用,建立并验证其微生物限度检查方法。方法:采用常规法、培养基稀释法和薄膜过滤法对各试验菌株做回收率试验,以验证所建立方法的科学性和可行性。结果:丹芪偏瘫胶囊对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌有较强的抑制作用,心舒宁片、扶正合剂、肾康宁合剂、清肾消毒饮对金黄色葡萄球菌有一定的抑制作用,板蓝根颗粒对枯草芽孢杆菌有一定的抑制作用,但均可通过培养基稀释法消除。结论:胶藕胶囊、止咳宁嗽胶囊、溶胆石颗粒、散结明目胶囊、降脂软脉片可按常规法进行微生物限度检查,心舒宁片、扶正合剂、肾康宁合剂、清肾消毒饮、板蓝根颗粒、丹芪偏瘫胶囊可按培养基稀释法进行微生物限度检查。各品种控制菌检查均可用常规法。     

Pharmaceutical strategies for the treatment of bacterial biofilms in chronic wounds

Biofilms are sessile communities of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, that grow on biotic and abiotic surfaces. These microorganisms are embedded within an extracellular polymeric substance that provides enhanced protection from antimicrobials. Chronic wounds provide an ideal habitat for biofilm formation. Bacteria can easily attach to wound debris and can infect the wound due to an impaired host immune response. This review highlights the mechanism of biofilm formation and the role of biofilms in the pathophysiology of chronic wounds. Our major focus is on various formulation strategies and delivery systems that are employed to eradicate or disperse biofilms, thereby effectively managing acute and chronic wounds. We also discuss clinical research that has studied or is studying the treatment of biofilm-infected chronic wounds.     

头孢环己烯胺效价测定检定菌的选择

采用二种不同检定菌(枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌),对头孢环己烯胺进行效价测定,结果表明:用枯草芽孢杆菌作检定菌能得到满意的效果。同时制备的菌液比金黄色葡萄球菌,使用时间长、稳定、操作手续简化,应用方便。     

Antimicrobial activity of some N-alkyl substituted of (E)-4-azachalconium and (E)-3'-hydroxy-4-azachalconium bromides

Twelve new N-substituted (E)-azachalconium bromides were synthesized and tested for antimicrobial and antifungal activities. Compounds 5c, 5d and 5h-5l showed very good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcusfaecalis as well as Bacillus subtilis and 5h-5j showed moderate activity against Escherichia coli. In particular, (E)-N-dodecyl-4-azachalconium bromide (5i) and (E)-N-tetradecyl-4-azachalconium bromide (5j) showed the most intensive activity against all tested microorganisms.     

替硝唑栓微生物限度检查方法适用性试验研究

目的：按照2015年版《中国药典》四部的要求进行替硝唑栓的微生物限度检查方法适用性试验研究。方法：采用改进的供试液制备方法、薄膜过滤法,进行3次独立平行试验。结果：计数法验证中,5株菌（铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白假丝酵母、黑曲霉）的回收率比值均在0.5~2范围内;控制菌检查中,各阳性试验菌均检出,阴性对照均无菌生长。结论：替硝唑栓的微生物限度检查方法可行。     

SMR-type multidrug resistance pumps

Multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pumps in pathogenic microorganisms nullify the effects of antimicrobial drugs used in medicine. We have conducted phylogenetic analyses showing that these efflux pumps are associated with five superfamilies of transport systems. One of these, the drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) superfamily includes a family of small multidrug resistance (SMR)-conferring proteins that are discussed in detail in this review. A single microorganism such as Bacillus subtilis may possess multiple homologs of this family, and these homologs are believed to form both homo-oligomeric or hetero-oligomeric pumps, some of which export cationic drugs. The characteristics of some of these systems and the genes that encode them are described, with emphasis on the eight homologs encoded within the B subtilis genome. Anomalies and unanswered questions that provide impetus for future studies are presented.     

Investigation of antimicrobial activity of Pelargonium radula (Cav.) L'Hérit

Antimicrobial activities of two ethanolic extracts, made from fresh and dried leaves of Pelargonium radula (Cav.) L'Hérit, were tested against fourteen species of bacteria and fifteen species of fungi. The well-diffusion method indicated the strongest activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The broth dilution method revealed that the most sensitive microorganisms were Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens. Extract prepared from fresh leaves showed significantly higher antimicrobial activity than the extract prepared from dried leaves.