共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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认知功能障碍在肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)患者中是普遍存在的,ALS伴认知功能障碍常提示预后不良。近年来对ALS患者认知功能障碍的研究取得了一定的进展,本文对ALS伴认知功能障碍的临床特点、生物标志物、遗传学特征和最新治疗进展进行综述,以期为ALS伴认知功能障碍的临床诊疗提供新思路。 相似文献
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目的: 通过MRI皮层厚度分析法,探讨肌萎缩侧索硬化(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS)患者脑结构变化,并分析其与认知功能改变的相关性。方法: 纳入ALS患者18例,以及性别、年龄、教育程度匹配的正常对照者18例,对所有研究对象进行3D磁化准备快速递度回波(magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo imaging, MPRAGE)序列MRI扫描,进行皮层厚度分析,同时对所有ALS患者进行神经心理学测评,包括简易精神状态检查(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)、言语流畅性试验、Stroop色词试验、前瞻性记忆、情绪图片感知及再认、失言识别测验。结果: 经过认知评估,2例ALS患者存在认知功能障碍。比较18例ALS患者和18例正常对照的顶点水平全脑皮层厚度,ALS组左侧大脑半球内侧眶额叶后部、颞叶内侧皮层厚度明显减低(P < 0.05);区域水平比较,ALS组左内嗅区、左颞下回、左内侧眶额叶、左岛叶皮层厚度明显减低(P < 0.05)。认知功能正常的16例ALS患者与正常对照相比较,两组间顶点水平和区域水平的皮层厚度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。前瞻性记忆、情绪图片感知及再认、失言识别测验评分与对应脑区皮层厚度值存在相关性(P < 0.05)。结论: ALS患者皮层厚度与神经心理学检查具有相关性,可能反映认知测评所对应的脑区皮层结构改变,可能为ALS患者认知改变的早期诊断提供帮助。 相似文献
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目的 探讨肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)患者血清肌酸激酶(CK)的水平,及其与年龄、性别、病情分级、起病方式、病程之间的关系.方法 回顾性分析40例确诊ALS并行血CK检查患者的临床资料,根据性别、年龄、起病部位、病情分级、病程进行分组,统计各组间CK水平的差异.结果 本组患者CK为25~562 U/L,平均88 U/L.15例CK轻度增高.男女性别间CK水平差异无统计学意义(P=0.12),中青年组(<60岁)和老年组(≥60岁)CK水平差异无统计学意义(P=0.85),临床分级轻度、中度、重度、危重组间CK水平差异无统计学意义(P=0.58),病程较短组(<1年)和较长组(≥1年)CK水平差异无统计学意义(P=0.11);球部起病组CK水平明显低于肢体起病组[(109.54±23.40)U/Lvs.(206.13±29.56)U/L,P=0.02].结论 CK增高在ALS患者中并不少见,肢体起病者CK水平更高,CK水平与年龄、性别、病程、病情分级不相关. 相似文献
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肌萎缩侧索硬化是一种累及上、下运动神经元的变性疾病,临床较少见。在过去的几年中,对于本病的探索一直在持续。本文主要总结了目前关于肌萎缩侧索硬化的诊断及治疗方法,希望能给临床医生带来一定的帮助。 相似文献
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目的:肌萎缩侧索硬化(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)疾病进展过程中,趋化因子(fractalkine,FKN)对受损的运动神经元可能起保护作用,但有关ALS患者血浆FKN表达的研究还未见报道,本文对FKN在ALS患者病程中的免疫炎症机制做初步研究,探索该指标是否可以成为潜在的血浆生物学标志,尝试寻找治疗ALS的新方法。方法:采用MILLIPLEX MAP液相芯片技术,检测51例ALS患者与60例正常对照的血浆FKN水平,按性别、病程、起病部位、疾病严重程度分组,研究患者与正常对照组血浆FKN水平。结果:患者的血浆FKN水平比正常对照低(P<0.05),分析表明:各亚组患者血浆FKN水平均比正常对照低(P均<0.05);病程>12个月患者的FKN水平比病程≤12个月的患者高(P<0.05),其余亚组之间FKN水平差异均无统计学意义 (P均>0.05);另外,患者的血浆FKN水平与病程无统计相关性(P>0.05)。结论:患者的血浆FKN水平比正常对照低,提示其与ALS可能有一定关联,具体作用机制还有待今后深入探索。 相似文献
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肌萎缩侧索硬化的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
肌萎缩侧索硬化 (amyotrophiclateralsclerosis,ALS)是一种以脑和脊髓中选择性的大运动神经元的变性为特征的神经系统变性疾病。 10 %~ 2 0 %的患者有家族性。家族性与散发性的ALS具有共同的临床和组织病理学特点。临床表现为缓慢起病 ,进行性发展 ,逐渐出现四肢肌肉的无力、萎缩 ,并有锥体束征等。临床上治疗非常困难。为什么运动神经元在该疾病中选择性易损 ,是什么因素启动这些细胞的破坏 ,目前仍不清楚。近年来由于分子生物学技术的迅速发展 ,其发病机制和治疗方面取得了许多进展 ,综述如下。1 发病… 相似文献
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肌萎缩侧索硬化的MRI诊断 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
肌萎缩侧索硬化(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)是一种慢性运动神经元变性疾病,发病率为5/10万,是最常见的运动神经元疾病。以往ALS的诊断主要依靠临床和肌电图检查,由于磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)能够显示受累皮质脊髓束信号的改变。 相似文献
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目的:探讨肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)患者神经传导速度(NCV)的改变及其在诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:以106例确诊为ALS的患者和123例正常人为研究对象,应用Keypoint肌电图仪进行正中、尺、胫和腓总神经的NCV检查,记录和刺激电极均为表面电极。结果:ALS组正中神经感觉神经传导速度(SCV)和正中、尺、腓总神经运动神经传导速度(MCV)较正常对照组明显降低,除正中神经感觉神经潜伏期外,两组比较,差异均有显著性意义;正中、尺、胫神经复合肌肉动作电位波幅ALS组明显低于正常组,但多无神经传导阻滞。结论:ALS组的MCV和SCV较正常对照组明显减慢,但在诊断和鉴别诊断方面,临床表现及针极肌电图比NCV更有价值。 相似文献
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Until a definitive treatment is found for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, there will continue to be a need to provide symptomatic care. Experience with caring for a large number of patients has proved that symptomatic therapy can be based on rational principles. Treatment should be limited to procedures that are simple and low-cost, with low risk of serious morbidity. When all remedies fail, the physician can still provide a comforting presence and foster a dignified death. 相似文献
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Background Single fiber electromyography (SFEMG) is a sensitive technique for detecting abnormalities in neuromuscular transmission and is mainly used in the diagnosis of neuromuscular junction disorders, such as myasthenia gravis. While the process of denervation-reinnervation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can also result in immature collateral nerve terminals and instability of neuromuscular transmission, the purpose of this study was to investigate the changes and clinical values of SFEMG in patients with ALS.Methods Volitional SFEMG was performed on the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) of 78 patients with ALS (men 52, women 26) who had been previously diagnosed by history, clinical features, and neurophysiological studies. The mean jitter, the percentage of jitter >55 μs, the impulse blocking percentage, and fiber density (FD) were determined. These results were compared to normal controls. In addition, the SFEMG indices were analyzed for correlations with the duration of ALS, the EDC strength score on the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, and spontaneous activity detected by EMG studies. Results SFEMG indices were abnormal in all patients with ALS. Mean jitter ranged from 30 to 178 μs (mean 80.2 μs); the percentage of jitter >55 μs ranged from 5% to 100% (mean 60.5%). In addition, the impulse blocking percentage ranged from 0% to 90% (mean 28.1%) and FD ranged from 1.4 to 4.1 (mean 2.6). Mean jitter, the percentage of jitter >55 μs, and the blocking percentage in 57 patients with definite or probable ALS were significantly higher than in patients with possible or suspected ALS. MRC scores of the EDC negatively correlated with mean jitter, the percentage of jitter >55 μs, blocking percentage, and FD. Conclusions SFEMG is the most sensitive tool for diagnosing definite or probable ALS. Increased jitter, blocking percentage, and FD can indicate the degree of immature collateral sprouts and motor end plates resulting from the progressive denervation and reinnervation associated with ALS, and may be helpful in evaluating prognosis. 相似文献
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肌萎缩侧索硬化患者膈神经传导的临床应用及特点 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
目的 探讨膈神经传导在肌萎缩侧索硬化 (ALS)患者中的临床应用及特点。方法 以表面电极在肋间隙处记录电刺激 4 4例ALS患者及 31例正常对照者颈部膈神经时产生的膈肌复合肌肉动作电位之潜伏期和波幅。 2 8例ALS患者同时接受了用力肺活量百分比 (%FVC)测定。结果 ALS患者右、左侧膈神经远端运动潜伏期 (PDML)分别为 8 4ms± 2 2ms和 7 6ms± 1 4ms ,均较对照者延长 ,波幅对数为 2 6 8± 0 37,比对照者低 ;以右侧为例 ,PDML与 %FVC相关 ,但与临床呼吸困难无关 ;波幅与 %FVC和临床呼吸困难均无关。PDML阳性率 (47 7% )高于临床呼吸困难出现率(2 5 0 % )。结论 PDML是膈神经传导参数中反映ALS患者呼吸功能障碍的敏感指标 ,但只有将其与膈肌运动诱发电位的中枢运动传导时间结合 ,方能更全面揭示呼吸受累的本质 相似文献
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目的:探讨帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)患者血尿酸水平与认知功能的相关性。方法:选取PD患者86例为PD组,行帕金森病综合量表Ⅲ(unified PD rating scale partⅢ,UPSDRSⅢ)和Hoehn-Yahr分期(H-Y分期)评估,并运用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Motreal cognitive assess ment,Mo CA)评估PD患者认知功能,汉密尔抑郁量表(Hamilton depression rating scale,HAMD)评估心理状态。另选取同期健康体检者85名为对照组,两组均测定空腹静脉血清尿酸值。结果:PD组血尿酸水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);H-Y各分期患者血尿酸水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且PD组有认知障碍的患者血尿酸水平显著低于无认知障碍的患者(P<0.05)。PD患者的认知功能与受教育程度、血尿酸水平呈正相关(P<0.01),与年龄、HAMD评分呈负相关(P<0.01),女性患者认知功能较男性患者更低(P<0.01)。血尿酸水平与记忆能力及抽象概括能力均有相关性(P<0.01)。结论:血尿酸水平与帕金森病患者认知功能障碍有关。 相似文献
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《疑难病杂志》2019,(7)
目的分析肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)患者血清氧化应激标志物与神经功能、肌电图特征、脑脊液神经标志物的相关性。方法选择2014年2月—2018年6月福建省宁德市医院神经内科确诊为ALS患者36例作为ALS组,同期接受腰硬联合麻醉下腹腔手术的患者作为对照组,比较2组氧化应激标志物、神经功能、肌电图特征、脑脊液神经标志物。结果与对照组比较,ALS组患者的血清8-OhdG、MDA含量均明显升高(t/P=12.444/0.000、16.781/0.000),GPX、SOD含量均明显降低(t/P=11.415/0.000、11.483/0.000);ALS组患者正中神经、尺神经、腓总神经、胫神经的CMAP水平均明显降低(t/P=26.828/0.000、22.162/0.000、19.141/0.000、20.033/0.000);ALS组患者脑脊液中MBP、Tau、pNfH的含量均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(t/P=9.655/0.000、15.939/0.000、15.301/0.000);ALS患者的血清8-OhdG、MDA含量与ALSFRS-r评分及正中神经、尺神经、腓总神经、胫神经的CMAP水平均呈负相关(r/P_(8-OhdG)=-0.312/0.010、-0.384/0.005、-0.291/0.012、-0.225/0.016、-0.183/0.030,r/P_(MDA)=-0.338/0.006、-0.429/0.000、-0.325/0.009、-0.394/0.001、-0.278/0.013),与脑脊液MBP、Tau、pNfH含量呈正相关(r/P_(8-OhdG)=0.362/0.007、0.251/0.014、0.265/0.013,r/P_(MDA)=0.495/0.000、0.294/0.011、0.388/0.001);血清GPX、SOD含量与ALSFRS-r评分及正中神经、尺神经、腓总神经、胫神经的CMAP水平均呈正相关(r/P_(GPX)=0.231/0.014、0.336/0.007、0.312/0.008、0.432/0.000、0.299/0.012,r/P_(SOD)=0.189/0.028、0.398/0.000、0.312/0.007、0.428/0.000、0.311/0.010),与脑脊液MBP、Tau、pNfH含量均呈负相关(r/P_(GPX)=-0.388/0.005、-0.332/0.007、-0.498/0.000,r/P_(SOD)=-0.334/0.006、-0.182/0.027、-0.373/0.001)。结论 ALS患者体内氧化应激的过度激活与神经功能及肌电图特征的损害、脑脊液神经标志物的增多有关,血清氧化应激标志物的测定能够用于病情评估。 相似文献
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Association between DPP6 polymorphism and the risk of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Chinese patients 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
LI Xiao-guang ZHANG Jiang-hu XIE Man-qing LIU Ming-sheng LI Ben-hong ZHAO Yan-huan REN Hai-tao CUI Li-ying 《中华医学杂志(英文版)》2009,122(24):2989-2992
Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive degenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebral cortex, which results in muscle weakness, atrophy. Sporadic ALS (SALS) accounts for about 90% of ALS cases, but the etiology is largely unknown. Most of the researchers consider it to be a complex disease. There have been several genome-wide association (GWA) studies reporting several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which are susceptible to ALS, but no data of Asians (including Chinese) yet. We investigate whether the polymorphism of rs10260404 in DPP6 gene is associated with SALS in Chinese Han origin to compare the ethnic differences between Chinese Han origin and other populations. Methods The genomic DNA was extracted from the leukocytes of whole blood samples in 58 Chinese Han patients with SALS and 52 healthy controls. The asymmetric PCR was processed in the presence of an unlabeled probe that contained the rs10260404 locus. The product was genotyped on a light scanner using high resolution melting method and some were confirmed with sequencing. Results The rs10260404 polymorphism was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in patients and controls. The CC genotype and the C allele were similar in patients compared with healthy subjects and not associated with an increased risk of Chinese SALS patients (X^2=0.29, OR=1.26, 95% CI 0.55-2.87, P 〉0.05). Conclusions The rs10260404 is not associated with ALS susceptibility in Chinese people with Han origin which may be due to ethnic differences. More study with large number of cases in Chinese population is really necessary. 相似文献
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目的探讨糖类抗原153(CA153)及细胞因子[白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)]与乳腺癌骨转移的关系。方法对103例乳腺癌根治手术后患者行单光子发射型(SPECT)骨显像,采用放射免疫法检测血清CA153,放射免疫分析法检测IL-6、IL-8水平,与健康对照组(36例)进行对比分析。结果骨转移组患者血清CA153、IL-6、IL-8水平明显升高,与无骨转移组及健康对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);无骨转移组CA153、IL-6、IL-8水平与健康对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 CA153对于预测乳腺癌骨转移、筛选行全身骨显像患者具有重要意义;IL-6、IL-8参与乳腺癌骨转移的发生和发展过程,检测IL-6、IL-8对于乳腺癌骨转移的病理研究和预防、治疗可能具有重要价值。 相似文献