超细胃镜引导下放置经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗肠梗阻26例

肠梗阻患者留置肠梗阻导管,比普通胃管更能有效地吸引肠内容物,降低肠管内压力,减轻水肿,恢复肠道血运及肠管动力,从而达到非手术解决肠梗阻的目的。临床上放置肠梗阻导管的方法很多,我院自2009年起采用超细胃镜引导下放置经鼻肠梗阻导管减压治疗肠梗阻,疗效满意,报道如下。     

应用介入技术放置经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗小肠梗阻的疗效

目的探讨数字减影血管造影(DSA)引导下应用介入技术放置经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗小肠梗阻的疗效。方法选取52例小肠梗阻患者,均在DSA引导下应用介入技术放置肠梗阻导管。结果应用介入技术放置肠梗阻导管技术成功率为100%,肠梗阻导管头端均成功置放在Treiz韧带远端空肠内,平均操作时间6 min。49例减压后梗阻完全解除,有效率为94.2%;日引流量1 500~3 600 ml。患者仅有轻度鼻部不适或轻度疼痛,7例出现恶心,1例出现恶心、呕吐。无腹部疼痛、胃肠道穿孔、出血等严重并发症发生。结论 DSA引导下应用介入技术放置经鼻肠梗阻导管快速、安全、有效。     

经鼻型肠梗阻导管在肠梗阻治疗中的临床价值

目的观察经鼻型肠梗阻导管治疗肠梗阻的临床疗效。方法 28例不全性肠梗阻患者经常规治疗无效后安置肠梗阻导管,观察肠梗阻缓解的各项临床指标,即腹胀、腹痛、腹围变化、腹部立卧位平片气液平消失的时间和非手术率的变化。结果 28例患者,肠梗阻完全缓解者21例,时间24~240 h,其中外科手术后所致黏连性肠梗阻16例,克罗恩病1例,肠结核1例,粪石性肠梗阻1例,小肠柿石2例。非手术率75.0%。肠梗阻未能缓解转外科行手术治疗7例,包括结肠肿瘤3例,小肠癌1例,小肠内疝1例,肠道淋巴瘤1例,小肠巨大粪石1例。结论经鼻型肠梗阻导管治疗不全性肠梗阻可明显改善患者临床症状,提高非手术率,为外科手术病变部位定位。     

经鼻型肠梗阻导管在腹部术后早期粘连性肠梗阻胃肠减压治疗中的应用

目的探讨经鼻型肠梗阻导管减压在腹部术后粘连性肠梗阻治疗中的作用。方法将136例腹部术后早期粘连性肠梗阻患者随机分为对照组和观察组各68例。对照组行传统鼻胃管置入胃肠减压治疗,48h后腹痛、腹胀无明显缓解者改行经鼻型肠梗阻导管胃肠减压治疗;观察组采用经鼻型肠梗阻导管行胃肠减压治疗。观察两组成功率及腹围减少量、胃肠减压量、平均住院时间。结果观察组成功率、腹围减少及胃肠减压量均明显高于对照组,P均〈0.05;但平均住院时间长于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论经鼻型肠梗阻导管置入胃肠减压效果确切,优于传统的鼻胃管。     

胃镜下经鼻型肠梗阻导管置入术治疗急性肠梗阻的疗效观察

胃肠减压是临床上内科治疗单纯性肠梗阻最有效的方法,传统鼻胃管置入对胃及近端小肠内容物的负压抽吸,达到引流减压从而阻断肠梗阻恶性循环的病理生理过程的目的。然而,普通鼻胃管胃肠减压有效率不高,减压不彻底,复发率及需要手术解除梗阻的比例均较高。近年多项研究证实了长导管置人小肠内直接抽吸减压治疗粘连性小肠梗阻的疗效,随后陆续出现改良的鼻肠减压管以及各种改进的置入方式。2003年日本研制出亲水性三腔二囊肠梗阻导管,随后成功用于临床,但我国目前应用尚处于起步阶段,相关系统临床报道较少。我们对肠梗阻导管进行了探索性的临床应用,并与普通鼻胃管进行了比较,现总结报道如下。     

经鼻肠梗阻导管在老年术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗中的应用

术后早期炎性肠梗阻(EPISBO)是近年来逐渐被人们所认识的一种特殊类型的肠梗阻,是在腹部术后早期(术后2 w),由于腹部手术创伤或腹腔内炎症等原因导致肠壁水肿和渗出而形成的一种机械性与动力性同时存在的黏连性肠梗阻~([1]).在治疗上由于该病特殊的病理机制,短期内再次手术的风险较大,容易导致症状的加重,甚至形成肠瘘、短肠等严重并发症~([2]),故以保守治疗为主.在改善患者一般状态的基础上,有效减压是治疗的关键~([3]).本文探讨经鼻肠梗阻导管在EPIBSO非手术治疗中的作用.     

经鼻肠梗阻导管在术后早期炎性肠梗阻中的应用

目的探讨经鼻肠梗阻导管在术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗中的作用。方法将36例术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者随机行经鼻肠梗阻导管（n=18）、普通鼻胃管（n=18）减压治疗,分别观察腹围缩小、胃肠减压量、呕吐停止时间、排气、排便恢复时间、气液平面消失时间,对结果进行分析比较。结果经鼻肠梗阻导管的腹围缩小（16.4±5.2）cm较普通鼻胃管（5.9±3.2）cm更明显,胃肠减压量（1035.6±274.5）ml/d较普通鼻胃管（626.8±304.6）ml/d显著增多,呕吐停止时间（2.2±1.8）d、排气恢复时间（1.8±0.9）d、排便恢复时间（5.2±3.4）d和气液平面消失时间（9.3±7.5）d均较普通鼻胃管显著缩短（P〈0.05）。结论经鼻肠梗阻导管在术后早期炎性肠梗阻中较普通鼻胃管更有意义。     

经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗术后早期炎性肠梗阻中的护理

目的探讨经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗术后早期炎性肠梗阻的有效护理措施。方法对26例术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者应用经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗并配合有效的护理措施,对治疗效果进行观察和分析。结果本组26例均经以经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗为主的综合治疗配合有效的心理护理、腹痛腹胀的观察、经鼻肠梗阻导管护理及并发症的预防及护理措施,全组病例于6~21 d(平均16d)治愈出院。结论经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗为主的综合治疗配合有效的护理措施是提高术后早期炎性肠梗阻治愈率的关键。     

经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术治疗老年患者术后粘连性肠梗阻效果观察

目的观察经鼻肠梗阻导管置人术治疗老年患者术后粘连性肠梗阻的效果。方法将60例术后粘连性肠梗阻老年患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例,均行禁食水、抗感染、抑酸、静脉营养及纠正水、电解质、酸碱平衡紊乱等对症支持治疗。对照组采用常规鼻胃管行胃肠减压,治疗组在DSA监视下行经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术,外接负压吸引器。结果治疗6d后,治疗组胃肠减压量平均为960ml,腹部症状缓解时间平均1．6d,恢复排气排便时间平均3．7d,气液平面消失时间平均6．4d,治愈28例（93％）;对照组分别为420ml、3．4d、5．6d、8．5d、19例（63％）。两组比较,P均〈0．05。结论经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术治疗老年患者术后粘连性肠梗阻安全有效,避免了老年患者行开腹手术。     

经鼻胃镜导丝引导下放置鼻肠管的临床应用

目的总结经鼻胃镜导丝引导下放置鼻肠管的技术方法及经验教训,探讨该方法在临床中的应用价值。方法我科自2007年8月至2011年2月共对104例患者进行了115例次经鼻胃镜鼻肠管放置术及肠内营养支持治疗,记录每例置管时间,计算平均时间,观察术中及术后并发症。结果一次置管成功率为94.78%,6例次需二次置管,全部成功。从插入内镜至完成置管时间一般为5～14min,平均约10min,无腹痛、消化道穿孔、消化道出血等并发症。鼻肠管留置时间15～92d。结论经鼻胃镜导丝引导下放置鼻肠管置管适应症广,耐受性好,操作时间短,成功率高,并发症很少,值得在临床上推广应用。     

A prospective randomized trial of transnasal ileus tube vs nasogastric tube for adhesive small bowel obstruction

AIM:To study the therapeutic efficacy of a new transnasal ileus tube advanced endoscopically for adhesive small bowel obstruction.METHODS:A total of 186 patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction treated from September 2007 to February 2011 were enrolled into this prospective randomized controlled study.The endoscopically advanced new ileus tube was used for gastrointestinal decompression in 96 patients and ordinary nasogastric tube(NGT) was used in 90 patients.The therapeutic efficacy was compared between the two groups.RESULTS:Compared with the NGT group,the ileus tube group experienced significantly shorter time for relief of clinical symptoms and improvement in the findings of abdominal radiograph(4.1 ± 2.3 d vs 8.5 ± 5.0 d) and laboratory tests(P 0.01).The overall effectiveness rate was up to 89.6% in the ileus tube group and 46.7% in the NGT group(P 0.01).And 10.4% of the patients in the ileus tube group and 53.3% of the NGT group underwent surgery.For recurrent adhesive bowel obstruction,ileus tube was also significantly more effective than NGT(95.8% vs 31.6%).In the ileus tube group,the drainage output on the first day and the length of hospital stay were significantly different depending on the treatment success or failure(P 0.05).The abdominal radiographic improvement was correlated with whether or not the patient underwent surgery.CONCLUSION:Ileus tube can be used for adhesive small bowel obstruction.Endoscopic placement of the ileus tube is convenient and worthy to be promoted despite the potential risks.     

经鼻胃镜在肝硬化患者的临床应用

目的探讨经鼻胃镜在肝硬化患者中的临床应用价值。方法 85例肝硬化患者进行了经鼻胃镜检查,术后评估患者反应情况;曾接受经口胃镜检查治疗的患者,评估两种胃镜检查的不良反应程度;评估局部出血并发症与凝血功能、血小板计数的相关性。结果 85例肝硬化患者均完成经鼻胃镜上消化道检查,基本无不适者75例,稍有不适者8例,反应较大者2例;5例患者检查结束后出现鼻出血,占全部人群的5.9%;6例患者略感鼻腔内不适,观察后自行缓解消失。结论经鼻胃镜可完成经口胃镜的诊断功能,术中不适感及术中、术后并发症轻而少,经鼻胃镜适于肝硬化患者常规检查。     

Efficacy and timing of gastrografin administration after ileus tube insertion in patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction

Background and study aimsGastrografin administration (GA) is performed for adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) in cases when decompression therapy using an ileus tube fails to relieve the obstruction. This study evaluated the efficacy of GA and optimized its timing after ileus tube insertion.Patients and methodsIn this retrospective study, we evaluated data from patients with ASBO admitted between January 2014 and August 2018 and included patients who underwent ileus tube intubation and GA. The patients were classified as those treated with GA within 48 h after admission (early GA [EGA]) and those treated later with GA (delayed GA [DGA]). Propensity score matching was performed to compensate for differences between the groups. Short-term outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsWe included 67 and 80 patients in the EGA and DGA groups, respectively, and 55 pairs with similar background characteristics were matched. The rates of successful conservative management were 87.3% (48/55) in the EGA group, 96.4% (53/55) in the DGA group, and 91.8% (101/110) in the entire sample. The median period of ileus tube insertion in the DGA group was significantly lower than that in the EGA group, whereas other outcomes did not significantly differ between the groups. Aspiration pneumonia occurred in one patient in the EGA group.ConclusionsGA with an ileus tube achieved a high rate of successful conservative management. Follow-up using decompression with an ileus tube for at least 48 h after admission is recommended in patients with ASBO.     

经肠镜导管减压术在急性低位结直肠梗阻中的应用

目的初步评价经肛型肠梗阻减压导管在急性低位结直肠梗阻中的应用价值。方法2004年11月至2005年12月,11例急性完全性机械性低位结直肠梗阻患者行肠梗阻导管置入术,冲洗引流7 d 后手术。结果 11例患者9例成功,2例失败,其中1例系导丝无法通过狭窄部、另1例是肿块位于横结肠中部。成功9例患者的腹围由术前的(91±4)cm,减小到(82±2)cm;导管内每天引流量-600～3 200 ml 不等,术后7 d 腹部平片较术前明显好转。结论肠梗阻减压导管治疗急性低位结直肠梗阻是有效的,安全的,有望成为治疗急性低位结直肠梗阻的首选措施。     

小肠减压管联合结肠金属支架置入治疗恶性结肠梗阻的临床研究

目的 探索小肠减压管联合结肠金属支架置入治疗恶性结肠梗阻的临床价值。方法 回顾性队列研究收集2010年6月至2018年9月在浙江大学医学院附属杭州市第一人民医院消化科因恶性结肠梗阻接受消化内镜治疗的患者，根据治疗方案，分为小肠减压管联合结肠金属支架置入组（联合组）和单纯结肠金属支架置入组（单纯组），比较两组在支架操作成功率、并发症发生率、后续外科手术吻合方式及并发症发生率、住院天数及治疗费用等方面的差异。结果 共纳入83例患者，其中联合组18例，单纯组65例，两组患者一般情况比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。联合组与单纯组支架置入成功率比较差异无统计学意义[100%（18/18）比 98.5%（64/65），?2=0.280，P=0.597），支架置入术后并发症发生率比较差异也无统计学意义[5.6%（1/18）比 21.9%（14/64），?2=2.432，P=0.119）。联合在有8例、单纯组有24例在我院行外科手术治疗，联合组支架置入到外科手术时间（6.75±1.28）d，短于单纯组的（9.58±5.76）d（t=3.649，P=0.000），联合组外科术后感染并发症发生率12.5%（1/8），低于单纯组的54.2%（13/24）（P=0.045）。两组手术吻合方式、住院天数、住院费用比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 内镜下金属支架置入或联合小肠减压管治疗恶性肠梗阻安全有效，且金属支架置入前使用小肠减压管可缩短接受外科手术时间，降低外科手术后感染发生率。     

内镜置入鼻空肠营养管两种技术的比较

目的比较鼻空肠营养管的鼻胃镜导丝引导置入技术与内镜下推送式置入技术的临床应用效果。方法2011年6月,选择因胃窦、幽门、十二指肠病变导致狭窄梗阻需要空肠营养治疗的40例患者,分成两组,进行鼻空肠营养管的内镜下常规推送式置入（推送组）与鼻胃镜导丝引导置入（导丝组）,比较操作时间、置入一次性成功以及空肠营养管脱回胃内的情况。结果每组20例患者,均完成内镜鼻空肠营养管置入治疗。推送组与导丝组,操作平均时间分别是（750．3±445．9）S、（157．4±79．3）s,一次性成功率为85％、100％,空肠营养管脱回胃内发生率为30％、0％。两者比较,在操作平均时间上,差异具有非常显著性意义（P〈O．01）。结论置入鼻空肠营养管,鼻胃镜导丝引导置入技术比内镜下推送式置入技术,更具方便、操作简单的优点。     

经肛肠梗阻减压管在左半结肠癌伴梗阻中的应用价值研究

目的 探讨经肛肠梗阻减压管在左半结肠癌伴梗阻中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析总结2007年1月至2009年12月施行经结肠镜和导丝引导透视下置入肠梗阻减压管缓解肠梗阻治疗的35例完全性恶性肠梗阻患者的临床资料以及治疗结果.结果 35例患者全部一次性插管成功.34例减压7～10 d后行左半结肠癌Ⅰ期手术;1例置管2 d后肠减压管脱落,重新置管成功后8 d行左半结肠癌Ⅰ期手术.所有患者置管后均未出现穿孔及其他不良反应.结论 经结肠镜透视下置入肠梗阻减压管术操作简单安全,能快速有效缓解梗阻症状,降低了急诊手术风险,可有效避免结肠造口及Ⅱ期根治手术.     

'Sandwich' treatment for diospyrobezoar intestinal obstruction: A case report

Intestinal obstruction is a common clinical entity encountered in surgical practice. The objective of this report is to corroborate an atypical scenario of intestinal obstruction in a Chinese patient and to focus on the diagnosis and treatment. A 27-year-old male presented with a history of gastric pain combined with nausea and abdominal distension that had been present for 5 d. The presence of a foreign body was detected by computed tomography and observed as an abnormal density within the stomach. A diospyrobezoar was revealed during gastroscopy, the extraction of which was prevented due to its size and firmness. An endoscopic holmium laser joined with a snare was used to fragment the obstruction, which was followed by management with a conservative “sandwich” treatment strategy involving intestinal decompression with an ileus tube and Coca-Cola lavage between endoscopic lithotripsy fragmentation procedures. This strategy resulted in the successful removal of the diospyrobezoar along with multiple small bowel obstructions. The patient was discharged after abatement of symptoms. The case presented here demonstrates the implementation of a conservative, yet successful, treatment as an alternative to conventional surgical removal of intestinal obstructions.