Efficacy and safety of 1% forskolin eye drops in open angle glaucoma – An open label study

Purpose

Current treatment for glaucoma includes beta-blockers and prostaglandin analogues which have their own disadvantages. Thus a need exists for new ocular hypotensive agents that are more efficacious and have fewer side effects. Therefore, forskolin eye drops 1%, through herbal product; a clinical trial was carried out for the safety and efficacy in the treatment of open angle glaucoma.

Methods

Ninety adult male/female patients of 18–60 years of age, of either sex, suffering from open angle glaucoma with an intraocular pressure (IOP) of more than 24 mm Hg were enrolled in the study. Patients were advised to instill 2 drops thrice a day (8:00 h, 14:00 h and 20:00 h) and tonometric readings were recorded on baseline visit and on Visit 2, i.e. end of 1st week, Visit 3–2nd week, Visit 4–3rd week, and Visit 5–4th week. The reduction in IOP across each time point from untreated baseline visit and reduction in IOP across various study visits were measured.

Results

The mean (95% CI) difference in reduction in IOP was 4.5 mm Hg (P < 0.05) in the right eye and was 5.4 mm Hg (p < 0.05) in the left eye from baseline visit (Visit 1) to final visit (Visit 5).

Conclusions

Forskolin 1% eye drops can be a safe alternative to beta blockers in glaucoma patients having concomitant asthma.     

Efficacy and safety of a vectored thermal pulsation system (Lipiflow®) in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To investigate the efficacy and safety of a vectored thermal pulsation system (Lipiflow®) in the treatment of dry eye disease...     

Efficacy and safety evaluation of three medicated eye patches in Demodex blepharitis: a multicenter,double-blind,randomized controlled clinical trial北大核心CSCD

目的评价并比较不同含药眼贴治疗蠕形螨睑缘炎临床疗效及安全性。方法采用多中心双盲随机平行对照临床试验方法,于2021年7月至2022年12月分别在上海静安区市北医院眼科、西安市第四医院眼科、昆明第一人民医院眼科招募蠕形螨睑缘炎患者140例280眼,用随机数字表将患眼随机分为茶树精油组、秋葵精油组、基液对照组和甲硝唑组,采用双盲法分别用含20%茶树精油、1%秋葵精油、制备基液、2%甲硝唑的眼贴贴敷眼部28 d,评估治疗前及治疗第14天和第28天患者睑缘蠕形螨计数;采用眼表疾病指数量表(OSDI)对眼表症状进行评分;裂隙灯显微镜下对睑缘充血程度、睫毛根部袖套样分泌物进行评分。依据上述综合评分计算治疗有效率,并观察受试者不良反应情况。结果所有受试者均完成治疗和随访,失访率为0%。各组治疗14和28 d受试眼睑缘蠕形螨计数较治疗前均明显减少(均P<0.05)。治疗28 d,茶树精油组、秋葵精油组和甲硝唑组蠕形螨数量明显低于基液对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。茶树精油组、秋葵精油组和甲硝唑组治疗14和28 d时受试眼OSDI评分、睑缘充血评分和袖套样分泌物评分均明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。治疗28 d,茶树精油组、秋葵精油组和甲硝唑组治疗有效率分别为71.4%、71.4%和62.9%,明显高于基液对照组的25.7%。治疗及随访期间未发现严重的局部及全身不良反应。结论含茶树精油、秋葵精油、甲硝唑眼贴治疗蠕形螨睑缘炎效果显著,可有效改善睑缘生物环境,消除睑缘相关炎症反应。     

Does the addition of hyaluronidase improve the quality of peribulbar anesthesia in cataract surgery? – A randomized double blinded study

Purpose

To determine the necessity of hyaluronidase as an anesthetic adjuvant for peribulbar anesthesia during cataract surgery and to assess differences in anesthetic outcomes in the absence of hyaluronidase.

Effects of home reading training on reading and quality of life in AMD—a randomized and controlled study

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes reading impairment, reduced quality of life (QoL), and secondary depression. We have...     

Efficacy of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) and tetrandrine-loaded nanomicrospheres in the treatment of dry eye北大核心

Objective To discover a nano-drug with anti-inflammatory, sustained-release, and biocompatible properties aimed at blocking the dry eye formation pathway. Methods Nano-microspheres (Tet-ATS@PLGA) composed of tetrandrine (Tet) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) were prepared using the thin-film hydration method, and their stability at room temperature (25 ℃), encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading were tested. Normal rabbit eyes without intervention were recruited in the normal group, and dry eye models were randomly divided into the control group (without any intervention), ATS group (intervened by artificial tears), Tet-ATS group (intervened by artificial tears and Tet), and Tet-ATS@PLGA group (intervened by Tet-ATS@PLGA). Flow cytometry was performed to detect the apoptosis of inflammatory corneal epithelial cells in each group after 24 hours of intervention. The staining of corneal epithelial cells, tear film break-up time (BUT), and surface tear secretion (detected by the Schirmer test strip) were recorded after 14 days of intervention. The thickness of corneal epithelial cells as well as the shape and number of bulbar conjunctival goblet cells were monitored by hematoxylineosin staining. Corneal proteins were extracted for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The independent samples t-test was carried out for comparison among groups. Results The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of Tet-ATS@PLGA nano-drug were 77.43% and 30.26%, respectively. The drug was stable at room temperature and easy to release when the ocular surface temperature stood at 33 ℃. Compared with other groups, BUT and the amount of tear secretion in the Tet-ATS@PLGA group were the largest, the thickness of corneal epithelial cells was close to the normal value, bulbar conjunctival goblet cells recovered the most, the apoptosis of inflammatory corneal epithelial cells after 24 hours of intervention was the most significant, and the expression levels of VEGF, IL-1β, TNF-α, and PGE2 were the lowest (all P<0.05). Conclusion Tet-ATS@PLGA nano-drug can effectively act on inflammatory corneal epithelial cells in rabbits, promote apoptosis of inflammatory cells, and block the inflammatory response of dry eyes by inhibiting the expression of VEGF, IL-1β, TNF-α, and PGE2, thus improving tear secretion on the ocular surface. © The Author(s) 2023.     

Efficacy of bimatoprost 0.03% in reducing intraocular pressure in patients with 360° synechial angle-closure glaucoma: a preliminary study

Context:

Peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS; synechiae anterior to functional trabecular meshwork) formation in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) hampers access to uveoscleral outflow. Thus, the role of bimatoprost in such patients with 360° synechiae was evaluated.

Aims:

To assess efficacy and safety profile of bimatoprost 0.03% in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in 360° synechial angle-closure glaucoma patients.

Settings and Design:

This was a prospective, non-randomized, non-comparative, selective analysis, single-center pilot study.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 23 eyes of 20 Indian chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) patients with IOP greater than 21 mmHg, 360° PAS and no visual potential in the study eye underwent detailed eye examination. Baseline IOP was measured and YAG peripheral iridotomy was performed for complete angle-closure reconfirmation. Bimatoprost 0.03% was administered for 8 weeks as once-daily evening dose. IOP reduction within treatment group was determined with “paired t-test”.

Results:

The mean reduction in IOP from baseline to 8 weeks of bimatoprost therapy was 15.3 ± 9.5 mmHg (P < 0.001). The most commonly observed adverse event was conjunctival hyperemia (35%). Bimatoprost was well tolerated in the study.

Conclusions:

In this study, exclusively involving patients with 360° synechial angle-closure glaucoma and no visual potential, bimatoprost 0.03% treatment demonstrated a statistically significant IOP reduction. Hence, it can be inferred that bimatoprost 0.03% is an efficacious treatment modality in this subgroup of patients for reducing IOP.     

Laser photocoagulation (810 nm diode) for threshold retinopathy of prematurity: a prospective randomized pilot study of treatment to ridge and avascular retina versus avascular retina alone

The purpose of this study was to compare the structural outcome of laser treatment to avascular retina and ridge versus laser treatment to avascular retina alone in cases with threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). A prospective, randomized, interventional, comparative study of consecutive cases referred to a single tertiary center was considered here. 50 infants with bilateral symmetrical threshold ROP were recruited into this study over a period of 3 years. Threshold ROP was defined as per CRYO-ROP study. Perinatal history details for all patients including significant maternal history were recorded. One eye of each patient was randomized (Microsoft Excel 2000) to one of the two treatment groups—laser treatment to avascular retina (Group A) or laser treatment to avascular retina and ridge (Group B). Laser treatment was performed with a 810 nm diode laser (Iris Medical Instruments, Inc. Mountain View, CA, USA). Treatment was continued until regression of ROP. Structural outcome was assessed at a minimum follow-up of 6 months and was considered favorable or unfavorable as per the CRYO-ROP study criteria. An unfavorable outcome consisted of either (1) a retinal fold involving the macula; (2) any retinal detachment involving zone 1; or (3) a retrolental mass that obscured visualization of the posterior pole. Secondary outcome measures included the difference in time to regression of ROP and complications of treatment between the two treatment groups. 100 eyes of 50 infants received laser photocoagulation for threshold ROP after randomization (50 eyes in each group). Of these 50 infants, 20 (40%) were female and 30 (60%) were male. A significant proportion of the children (46%) were conceived as twins. The average birth weight was 1360 ± 326 g (range 750−2200 g). The mean gestational age at birth was 30.72 ± 1.6 weeks (range 26−36 weeks). Zone I disease was present in 14 (14%) eyes and zone II in the remaining 86 eyes (86%). Threshold stage retinopathy (CRYO-ROP criteria) extending 360° (12 clock hours) was present in 21 infants (42%), 5 contiguous clock hours of stage 3+ in 14 infants (28%) and intermediate range in the remaining 15 infants (30%). At 6 months follow-up, 3 eyes (6%) in group A and 1 eye (2%) in group B had an adverse structural outcome; however, the time to regression of retinopathy 2.98 ± 1.5 weeks in group A and 3.12 ± 1.1 in group B (P = 0.889) and the rate of complications such as retinal hemorrhage, 3 eyes in group A and 4 eyes in group B, was comparable. Zone I eyes showed equal incidence of favorable anatomical outcome (85.7%) in each group. Laser treatment to ridge was found to be safe and effective in the treatment of threshold ROP in this short-term pilot study; however, it needs to be ascertained whether this treatment has long-term advantages over conventional laser treatment to avascular retina, as well as the long-term benefits of treatment to ridge.     

Correlation of postoperative axial length growth and intraocular pressure in congenital glaucoma – a retrospective study in trabeculotomy and goniotomy

BACKGROUND: This paper investigates the correlation of postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) with axial length growth in children who underwent either trabeculotomy (TO) or goniotomy (GO) as primary surgery for congenital glaucoma. METHODS: Thirty-seven eyes of 21 children with congenital glaucoma who underwent one or two TOs from 1992 to 1997 and 26 eyes of 16 children with congenital glaucoma who underwent one or more GOs from 1974 to 1993 were retrospectively analyzed. None of the eyes had undergone other surgery previously. Thirteen of the TOs were combined with a small trabeculectomy. IOP was measured by handheld applanation tonometry (Perkins). Axial length was measured by ultrasound. The data were analyzed for correlation of postoperative IOP reduction with postoperative axial length growth. RESULTS: Mean duration of follow-up was 27.3 months in the TO eyes and 37.1 months in the GO eyes. Mean pretreatment IOP before surgery was 28.4+/-6.9 mmHg in the TO eyes and 30.8+/-8.5 mmHg in the GO eyes. Mean IOP at the end of follow-up was 17.5+/-5.8 mmHg in the TO eyes and 17.4+/-10.2 mmHg in the GO eyes. Axial length growth was normalized (proportional or slowed down compared with the nomogram of axial length growth) in 31 of the 37 TO eyes and in 20 of the 26 GO eyes, and was increased in 6 of the TO eyes and 6 of the GO eyes at the end of follow-up. Regarding axial length growth, 6 of 37 TO eyes had increased axial length growth at the end of follow-up. Three of these eyes also did not fulfill the IOP success criterion; 2 of the 3 eyes with normalized IOP had only borderline increased axial length growth. Six of 26 GO eyes had increased axial length growth at the end of follow-up. Five of these eyes did not fulfill the IOP success criterion; 1 eye with normalized IOP had only borderline increased axial length growth. CONCLUSION: The data show remarkably good correlation of postoperative IOP with postoperative axial length growth. Axial length measurements can therefore help to ascertain halting or progression of congenital glaucoma and thus are considered an important parameter for congenital glaucoma follow-up.     

A double-masked, randomized study to investigate the safety and efficacy of daclizumab to treat the ocular complications related to Behçet's disease

PURPOSE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of daclizumab (Zenapax, humanized anti-Tac, HAT) in controlling the ocular manifestations of Beh?et's disease. DESIGN: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Seventeen participants with Beh?et's disease experiencing at least two prior ocular attacks and requiring treatment with immunosuppressive agents for the ocular complications of Beh?et's disease. METHODS: Participants received either intravenous placebo or daclizumab (1 mg/kg) infusions every two weeks for six weeks, then every four weeks while continuing their standard immunosuppressive regimens. If clinically indicated, tapering of the standard immunosuppressive medications was allowed after six months of study enrollment. Complete ocular and physical examinations and an adverse event assessment were performed at baseline and prior to each study infusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary safety endpoints were the development of a life-threatening complication or a severe opportunistic infection. Primary efficacy outcomes were the number of ocular attacks and an assessment of systemic immunosuppressive medications required during the study, including the ability to taper concomitant immunosuppressive therapy. Results: Nine participants randomized to daclizumab and eight to placebo were followed monthly. Follow-up ranged from one to 34 months, with a median follow-up of 15 months. Two participants randomized to daclizumab discontinued study therapy prior to the end of the study for personal reasons. No participant experienced a safety endpoint, and visual acuity remained stable in all participants during the course of the study. Ten participants (six daclizumab, four placebo) experienced ocular attacks requiring therapy. The median ocular attack rate during the study was greater in the daclizumab arm than the placebo arm (median 1.27 vs. 0.17 attacks/year, respectively). Participants in the placebo arm also experienced a greater reduction in the immunosuppressive medication score compared to participants receiving daclizumab (median -4.0 vs. -1.0, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The observed results in the placebo group demonstrate that careful follow-up and treatment with standard combination immunosuppressive therapy can be effective for the management of the ocular complications of Beh?et's disease. In our small study, there was no suggestion that daclizumab was beneficial in comparison with placebo. However, the low observed attack rate limited our ability to make a definitive treatment group comparison.     

Intravenous glucocorticoids therapy in the treatment of Graves’ ophthalmopathy: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

AIM: To evaluate the benefit and harms of high-dose intravenous glucocorticoids (IVGC) as first-line treatment for Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO). METHODS: A systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing IVGC for the treatment of GO, with placebo or other treatments, were conducted. Electronic databases were searched, and standard methodological guidance of Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions was used. The primary outcome was overall response, and secondary outcomes included the improvement and change in clinical activity score (CAS), and adverse events. RESULTS: Ten RCTs were included in the Meta-analysis. Low quality evidence (one trial) showed that participants receiving IVGC achieved significantly higher response compared to participants receiving placebo [risk ratio (RR) 7.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14 to 49.26]. Moderate quality evidence (four trials) support appreciable benefit of IVGC in response compared with oral glucocorticoids (OGC), with of RR being 1.51 (95%CI 1.25 to 1.83). There was low quality evidence (one trial) compatible with appreciable benefit for IVGC plus orbital radiotherapy in response (RR 1.38, 95%CI 1.07 to 1.79), compared with OGC plus orbital radiotherapy. One IVGC versus rituximab trial provided moderate quality evidence suggesting that participants using IVGC achieved significantly lower response compared to participants using rituximab (RR 0.70, 95%CI 0.50 to 0.98). One IVGC versus mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) trial provided moderate quality evidence suggesting that participants using IVGC achieved significantly lower response compared to participants using MMF (RR 0.74, 95%CI 0.63 to 0.88). Very low quality evidence (one trial) showed that participants with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) receiving IVGC were more likely to achieve response compared to participants receiving orbital decompression (RR 3.33, 95%CI 0.51 to 21.89). CONCLUSION: The current evidence is moderate quality, which is sufficient to support IVGC to be as the first-line treatment for moderate-to-severe GO, and the use of rituximab or MMF to be the second-line treatment instead of IVGC. However, the evidence is very low quality, which is insufficient to support the use of IVGC or orbital decompression as the first-line treatment of DON.