腺苷对未成熟心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 研究腺苷对离体未成熟心肌的保护作用。 方法 采用出生 (21±2)d的健康小白兔离体心脏 ,建立离体心脏左心做功模型 ,随机分为加腺苷组 (4℃ST.ThomasⅡ停搏液 +腺苷200μmol/L)和对照组 (4℃ST.ThomasⅡ停搏液 ) ,观察腺苷停搏液对心脏缺血120min再灌注60min后心脏功能、心肌酶、心肌丙二醛含量和超微结构变化的作用。 结果 腺苷组和对照组比较 ,停搏液加入腺苷者心功能恢复良好 (P<0.05) ,冠脉流量提高 (P<0.05) ,心肌酶含量降低 (P<0.05) ,心肌超微结构改变明显减轻。结论 腺苷能提高ST.ThomasⅡ停搏液对未成熟心肌的保护效果后     

酸化停搏液中利多卡因对未成熟兔心肌的保护作用

目的　研究利多卡因在不同pH值St.ThomasⅡ停搏液对未成熟心肌的作用。方法　将 0 0 5mmol/L利多卡因加入pH分别为 5 5 ,6 2 ,6 6 ,7 0 ,7 4 ,7 8,8 5的St ThomasⅡ停搏液中与相应pH值的St ThomasⅡ停搏液应用Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型比较其对兔未成熟心肌心功能的恢复、心肌酶CK的漏出的影响。结果　弱酸化的St ThomasⅡ停搏液更加有助于低温缺血未成熟心肌功能的恢复、降低心肌酶CK的漏出 ,以pH =7 0最佳 ;加入 0 0 5mmol/L利多卡因后 ,St ThomasⅡ停搏液pH值在 5 5～ 7 8变化范围内 ,与相应pH值的单纯ST ThomasⅡ停搏液比较 ,可显著促进停搏液功能的恢复、降低心肌酶CK的漏出 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ,且加入 0 0 5mmol/L利多卡因的St ThomasⅡ停搏液pH值在 6 2～ 7 4变化范围内 ,与pH =7 8比较 ,未成熟心肌功能的恢复更好、心肌酶CK的漏出更低 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ,以pH =6 6为最佳。结论　 0 0 5mmol/L利多卡因在弱酸化St ThomasⅡ停搏液中对低温缺血未成熟心肌的保护作用更强     

“钾维普”停搏液对未成熟心肌保护作用的研究

目的比较”钾维普”停搏液与St．Thomas’Ⅱ停搏液对未成熟大鼠的心肌保护作用。方法离体SD幼大鼠心脏，通过改良Langendorff装置灌流，在未成熟心肌缺血90min再灌注60min期间，实时动态检测心肌张力、心率、收缩力、最大收缩和舒张速度、冠脉流量、复搏时间来评价心功能。结果“钾维普”组心肌收缩力和冠脉流量的恢复优于St.Thomas’Ⅱ组，心率、冠脉流量的恢复接近正常灌流组；再灌注30min后，“钾维普”组心肌收缩力的恢复甚至超过正常灌流组。结论“钾维普”停搏液对未成熟心肌的保护效果优于St．Thomas’Ⅱ停搏液，而且心肌收缩力的恢复优于正常灌流组。     

Na+通道阻滞极化停搏液在离体大鼠心脏保存中的保护作用

目的 研究含Na⁺通道阻滞剂河豚毒素(TTX)极化停搏液在离体大鼠心脏保存中的心肌保护作用。方法 20只Wistar大鼠随机均分入St.Thomas去极化停搏组(对照组,Ⅰ组)和TTX极化停搏组(Ⅱ组)。建立离体心脏灌注模型,灌注10min后,分别用St.Thomas和TTX极化停搏液2ml经主动脉插管注入,使心脏停搏。随后将鼠心置于相应配伍的停搏液中,10℃保存7h后重新灌注心脏30min。观察两组心脏保存前后在左心室收缩末压力和压力变化速率恢复率、心肌酶漏出、ATP含量和心肌超微结构等方面的改变。结果 再灌注后,TTX极化停搏组血流动力学各项指标恢复率明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),肌酸磷酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶漏出量低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),ATP含量维持在较高水平(P<0.01),心肌超微结构得到较好保护。结论 在离体大鼠心脏低温保存过程中TTX极化停搏液心肌保护作用优于STH液。     

Na^＋通道阻滞极化停搏液在离体大鼠心脏保存中的保护作用

目的研究含Na^＋通道阻滞剂河豚毒素（TTX）极化停搏液在离体大鼠心脏保存中的心肌保护作用.方法20只Wistar大鼠随机均分入StThomas去极化停搏组（对照组,Ⅰ组）和TTX极化停搏组（Ⅱ组）.建立离体心脏灌注模型,灌注10 min后,分别用St.Thomas和TTX极化停搏液2 ml经主动脉插管注入,使心脏停搏.随后将鼠心置于相应配伍的停搏液中,10℃保存7 h后重新灌注心脏30 min.观察两组心脏保存前后在左心室收缩末压力和压力变化速率恢复率、心肌酶漏出、ATP含量和心肌超微结构等方面的改变.结果再灌注后,TTX极化停搏组血流动力学各项指标恢复率明显高于Ⅰ组（P＜0.01）,肌酸磷酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶漏出量低于Ⅰ组（P＜0.05）,ATP含量维持在较高水平（P＜0.01）,心肌超微结构得到较好保护.结论在离体大鼠心脏低温保存过程中TTX极化停搏液心肌保护作用优于STH液.     

附加N-乙酰半胱氨酸心停搏液对低温缺血-再灌注大鼠心脏的保护作用

目的探讨附加N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)心停搏液对低温缺血再灌注大鼠心脏的保护作用.方法:采用离体左心做功模型,观察附加NAC液和St. Thomas液灌注对大鼠全心低温缺血180 min再灌注60 min的作用,比较两组心脏功能和心肌能量代谢的恢复状况.结果:附加NAC组再灌注后心脏功能和高能磷酸腺苷酸代谢的恢复状况明显优于St. Thomas液灌注组.结论:附加NAC可显著改善St.Thomas液心肌保护作用,NAC可能是有价值的心脏停搏液添加剂.     

激活线粒体钙激活钾通道加强心脏停搏液心肌保护作用的观察

目的:探讨线粒体钙激活钾通道(mitochondrial Ca2+-activated K+channels,mitoKCa)的激活是否加强改良St.Thomas心脏停搏液的心肌保护作用。方法:采用离体大鼠心脏灌流方法,全心停灌30 min和复灌60 min复制局部缺血/再灌注损伤模型;实验分单纯缺血复灌组、改良St.Thomas停搏液组、改良St.Thomas停搏液+NS1619组和改良St.Thomas停搏液+NS1619+Paxilline组,观察各组心室力学指标、冠状动脉流出液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量及心肌含水量的变化。结果:与单纯缺血/复灌组比较,改良St.Thomas停搏液组左心室舒张末期压力抬高程度下降(P<0.01),做功增加(P<0.01),冠状动脉流量增加(P<0.05),心肌含水量减少(P<0.01),LDH释放减少(P<0.01);与St.Thomas停搏液组比较,线粒体钙激活钾通道激动剂NS1619能进一步降低St.Thomas停搏液灌注时LDH的释放(P<0.01),心肌含水量进一步降低,促进左心室功能的恢复(P<0.01);线粒体钙激活钾通道阻断剂Paxilline取消了NS1619的作用(P<0.05~P<0.01)。结论:线粒体钙激活钾通道的激活可加强心脏停搏液的心肌保护作用。     

硫化氢对大鼠离体心脏低温保存效果的实验研究

目的 观察硫化氢（H2S）对大鼠离体心脏的保护作用。方法 将48只SD大鼠随机分成对照组（ST组）和实验组（HST组）,每组24只,分别采用St.ThomasⅡ液和St.ThomasⅡ液＋H2S为停搏液及保存液,保存心脏4 h,6 h,8 h。采用Langendorff心脏灌注和工作模型装置进行心脏保存前及保存后再灌注30 min心功能测定,比较心功能恢复率、心肌含水量、心肌酶[乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）及磷酸肌酸激酶（CK）]漏出量以及心肌组织超微结构变化。结果 保存4 h、6 h后,HST组心功能指标及心肌含水量与ST组差别无统计学意义,但心肌酶漏出量明显减少;保存8 h后HST组所测各指标均优于ST组。结论 加入H2S的St.ThomasⅡ液可以提高大鼠离体心脏的保存效果。     

自体冷血心脏停搏液对未成熟心肌细胞三磷酸腺苷及二磷酸腺苷的影响

目的通过对比自体冷血心脏停搏液与含血停搏液、St.Thomas液、HTK液对未成熟心肌细胞三磷酸腺苷(ATP)及二磷酸腺苷(ADP)含量的影响,提示自体冷血心脏停搏液对未成熟心肌细胞的保护作用。方法年龄≤12个月行体外循环室间隔缺损修补术的患儿80例,随机分成自体冷血停搏液组(A组)、冷血停搏液组(B组)、St.Thomas液组(C组)和HTK液组(D组),每组各20例。于主动脉阻断前、主动脉开放后30 min取右心耳标本50 mg,用HPLC法测定心肌ATP、ADP含量。结果主动脉阻断前各组患儿心肌ATP与ADP含量无统计学差异(P0.05);各组患儿主动脉开放后30 min心肌ATP与ADP含量均较阻断前显著减少(P0.01);A组患儿主动脉开放后30 min心肌ATP与ADP含量较B组显著增高(P0.01)。结论自体冷血停搏液可显著提升体外循环心内直视手术术后未成熟心肌细胞ATP含量,效果明显优于含血停搏液、St.Thomas液以及HTK液。     

极化停搏液用于离体大鼠心脏保存的实验研究

目的:研究Na 通道阻滞剂河豚毒素(tetrodotoxin,TTX)极化停搏液对离体大鼠心脏的保护作用.方法:20只Wis-tar大鼠随机均分入St.Thomas去极化停搏组(对照组,Ⅰ组),TTX极化停搏组(Ⅱ组).建立离体心脏Langendorff和Neely灌注模型,搏动稳定后,灌注30min后停搏.将鼠心置于相应配伍的停搏液中,7℃保存5h后重新灌注心脏30min.观察各组心脏保存前后左心室收缩末压力(LVESP)和压力变化速率(±dp/dt)的恢复率、心肌酶漏出量、ATP含量和心肌超微结构等方面的改变.结果:恢复灌注后,TTX极化停搏组血流动力学各项指标恢复率明显高于去极化组(P＜0.01),CPK和LDH漏出量(P＜0.05)明显低于去极化组,ATP含量维持在较高的水平(P＜0.01),心肌超微结构得到较好保护.结论:极化停搏心脏保存液对离体大鼠心脏的保护作用优于去极化停搏液,在长时间供体心脏保存中显示出明显的优势.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.