兰州市红古区健康人群麻疹、脊髓灰质炎、风疹抗体水平监测分析

目的了解甘肃省兰州市红古区健康人群麻疹、风疹和脊髓灰质炎的抗体水平,为相关部门制定控制和消除对策提供科学依据。方法根据国家免疫规划疫苗的免疫成功率监测要求,对辖区内健康人群采用酶联免疫(ELISA)法检测麻疹、脊髓灰质炎和风疹血清lgG抗体。结果麻疹、风疹和脊髓灰质炎抗体总阳性率分别为92.86%、91.52%、95.09%;麻疹、风疹抗体水平较低,脊髓灰质炎抗体水平较高,三者抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.06,P<0.01)。结论兰州市红古区麻疹、风疹同步控制较为可行且效果显著,有待提高麻疹、脊髓灰质炎疫苗的及时接种率和接种质量。     

红古区健康人群流行性腮腺炎和乙型脑炎抗体水平监测分析

目的 了解2019年甘肃省兰州市红古区健康人群流行性腮腺炎和乙型脑炎血清IgG抗体水平,评价疫苗免疫效果和人群免疫状况,为制定免疫规划策略和防治措施提供依据.方法 采用分层随机抽样法,采集兰州市红古区362名健康人群静脉血,以酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测流行性腮腺炎和乙型脑炎血清IgG抗体.结果 2019年监测红古区健康人群362人,流行性腮腺炎抗体阳性率为95.58％,不同年龄组抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(x2=5.274,P＞0.05);乙型脑炎抗体阳性率为91.99％,5岁以下组较5岁以上组低,不同年龄组差异有统计学意义(x2=29.926,P＜0.05);不同性别人群流行性腮腺炎(x2=0.580)、乙型脑炎(x2=1.971)抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),不同地区人群流行性腮腺炎(x2=3.090)、乙型脑炎(x2=1.878)抗体阳性率差异亦无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 兰州市红古区健康人群流行性腮腺炎和乙型脑炎免疫状况良好,提高免疫规划疫苗接种率、加强查漏补种是控制疫苗相关疾病的重要措施.     

9月龄～6岁健康儿童麻疹和风疹抗体水平监测

目的 了解新疆阿克苏地区9月龄～6岁健康儿童麻疹和风疹抗体水平,及时发现免疫薄弱人群,采取针对性免疫措施.方法 采用分层随机抽样法,采集839名9月龄～6岁健康儿童血清标本,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测麻疹和风疹IgG抗体.结果 839名儿童麻疹抗体阳性率为94.3％,抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)为1 541.2 mIU/ml;风疹抗体阳性率为92.1％,抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)为958.4 mIU/ml.不同免疫剂次和不同年龄组儿童麻疹、风疹抗体阳性率和GMT水平不同,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 阿克苏地区9月龄～6岁健康儿童麻疹、风疹IgG抗体水平总体较高,但仍存在薄弱环节,1岁以下儿童是麻疹和风疹的高危人群,应加强此部分人群的针对性免疫策略.     

2017—2020年云南省剑川县健康人群麻疹抗体水平监测分析

目的 了解云南省剑川县健康人群麻疹抗体水平,为制定麻疹防控措施提供科学依据。方法 按照《云南省麻疹等疫苗针对疾病人群抗体水平监测实施方案》的要求,采用分层整群抽样方法,于2017—2020年采集剑川县1 221名健康人群静脉血标本,以ELISA法检测血清中麻疹IgG抗体。结果 2017—2020年剑川县健康人群麻疹抗体总阳性率为94.19%,各年度差异无统计学意义（χ2=7.298,P>0.05）;总保护率为66.75%,各年度差异有统计学意义（χ2=22.257,P<0.05）;各年龄组人群麻疹抗体阳性率（χ2=32.423）和保护率（χ2=103.670）差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;抗体保护率随年龄增长呈明显的“V”字,15～34岁仅有48.63%～50.34%人群抗体有保护率,疫情暴发风险极高;有无免疫史人群麻疹抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义（χ2=3.285,P>0.05）,保护率差异有统计学意义（χ2=10.980,P<0.05）。结论 剑川县麻疹抗体水平阳性率处于较高水平,显示免疫规划工作质量和疫苗接种效果较好;但麻疹抗体保护率偏低,现有的免疫策略已不能建立起牢固的人群免疫屏障;为防范暴发疫情,在抓好儿童麻疹接种的同时,提高疫情监测敏感性和快速处置能力才能有效控制疫情。     

2017-2020年云南省剑川县健康人群麻疹抗体水平监测分析

目的 了解云南省剑川县健康人群麻疹抗体水平,为制定麻疹防控措施提供科学依据。方法 按照《云南省麻疹等疫苗针对疾病人群抗体水平监测实施方案》的要求,采用分层整群抽样方法,于2017—2020年采集剑川县1 221名健康人群静脉血标本,以ELISA法检测血清中麻疹IgG抗体。结果 2017—2020年剑川县健康人群麻疹抗体总阳性率为94.19%,各年度差异无统计学意义（χ2=7.298,P>0.05）;总保护率为66.75%,各年度差异有统计学意义（χ2=22.257,P<0.05）;各年龄组人群麻疹抗体阳性率（χ2=32.423）和保护率（χ2=103.670）差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;抗体保护率随年龄增长呈明显的“V”字,15～34岁仅有48.63%～50.34%人群抗体有保护率,疫情暴发风险极高;有无免疫史人群麻疹抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义（χ2=3.285,P>0.05）,保护率差异有统计学意义（χ2=10.980,P<0.05）。结论 剑川县麻疹抗体水平阳性率处于较高水平,显示免疫规划工作质量和疫苗接种效果较好;但麻疹抗体保护率偏低,现有的...     

陇南市麻疹及风疹疑似病例IgM抗体检测分析

目的分析2013年甘肃省陇南市疑似麻疹、风疹病例血清学检测结果,了解其流行特征,为促进免疫规划工作提供科学依据。方法用ELISA法检测麻疹、风疹疑似病例血清标本的IgM抗体。结果全年共检测麻疹、风疹IgM抗体266份,检出麻疹IgM抗体阳性141份,阳性率53.00%;检出风疹IgM抗体阳性57份,阳性率21.43%;麻疹发病以4岁以内儿童及20岁以上成人为主,风疹以青少年居多;流行季节主要为3─6月。结论提高易感人群的免疫力仍是免疫规划工作的重点;城镇流动人口的增加是引起麻疹流行的重要原因,应加强流动人口的管理,为易感人群接种免疫疫苗,以建立和保持人群高水平的免疫屏障,同时做好疫情监测,预防疾病的暴发流行。     

澜沧江流域健康人群血清乙型脑炎病毒抗体调查

采用血凝抑制试验检测澜沧江上游的维西县、中游的凤庆县和景东县及下游的勐腊县健康人血清乙型脑炎病毒抗体阳性率分别为7.50%（18/240）、20.97%（65/310）、24.46%（57/233）和23.84%（77/323）。表明该地区健康人群中普遍存在流行性乙型脑炎病毒隐性感染。     

2002-2006年开江县健康儿童流行性乙型脑炎血清抗体监测

目的了解开江县健康儿童乙脑抗体阳性率动态变化情况，为乙脑防制提供科学依据。方法2002—2006年每年5月在乙脑流行地区采集1～9岁健康儿童静脉血2ml并分离血清，进行乙脑抗体IgG检测，2002—2003年采用反向被动血凝抑制试验（RPHI），2004—2006年采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）。2006年调查全县接种乙脑疫苗情况。结果2002—2006年取健康儿童血清455份，乙脑抗体阳性270份，阳性率为59．34％，2002—2006年抗体阳性率依次为48．33％、54．35％、62．00％、63．08％及63．77％，各年度差异无统计学意义（X2=5．75，P〉0．05）。男女抗体阳性率各为56．65％和63．02％，两者差异无统计学意义（X^2=1．86，P〉0．05）。各年龄组抗体阳性率以2岁组最低（32．35％），8岁最高（82．76％），各年龄组之间差异有统计学意义（X^2=25．17，P〈0．05）。2002—2006年全县接种乙脑疫苗75496人，平均每年在15000人以上。调查1～7岁儿童169名，有乙脑疫苗接种的79名，接种率为46．75％，1～4岁接种率42．15％，低于5～7岁的58．33％，两者差异无统计学意义（X^2=3．62，P〉0．05）。结论加强低年龄组，特别是0～4岁儿童乙脑疫苗的预防接种，能有效地控制乙脑的发生和流行。     

闽西山区1990—1991年乙型脑炎暴发流行及疫点监测分析

我区自1955年有疫情记载以来，至今出现过四次流行性乙型脑炎（下称乙脑）较大流行．每次间隔5至10年不等。本次系间隔10年之后又一次暴发流行。为进一步探明我区流行规律，1992～1994年选择本次流行发病率较高的上杭县为监测点进行观察，现将流行和观察情况报告如下：l材料与方法1．且资料来源：历年乙脑发病情况来自本区疫情汇总资料。1990～1991年发病情况及临床分型来自于乙脑个案调查统计分析。气象资料分别采自地区及上杭气象部门。人及猪群血清、蚊虫种类及季节消长资料来源于上杭县乙脑疫点临城土埔村、非疫点庐丰丰康村。1．2方法1…     

Epidemiological investigation of measles in sera of healthy people in Heilongjiang Province, China

Serological samples of healthy people were collected to obtain the levels of measles antibodies in different groups of people in Heilongjiang Province, China. Using quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure the antibody levels, we found the lowest antibody positive rate and the lowest geometric mean concentration values in healthy people aged 15-39. This group is the population at high risk for adult measles in Heilongjiang Province, and is the focus of measles elimination work. The new challenges for the eventual elimination of measles will be to address immunization strategies in this segment of the population in order to control the incidence.     

Comparative study of reactogenicity and immunogenicity of new and established measles, mumps and rubella vaccines in healthy children

Summary  Concerns about the association of aseptic meningitis with measles-mumpsrubella (MMR) vaccines containing the Urabe Am 9 strain and the increasing worldwide demand for MMR vaccines, prompted the development of a new mumps vaccine strain (RIT 4385) by SmithKline Beecham Biologicals (SB) as part of a trivalent live attenuated MMR vaccine. The present study assessed the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of two lots of ‘Priorix’^* with a widely used and established vaccine M-M-R II (Merck & Co. Inc.) as comparator vaccine. 255 healthy children, 12 to 24 months of age, were enrolled in a single-blind study and randomly allocated to receive a single dose of one of two lots of “Priorix” or M-M-R II vaccine. Vaccinees were followed up for six weeks post-vaccination for solicited and unsolicited symptoms. Immunogenicity was determined in pre- and 60 days post-vaccination sera using commercial immunoassays for measles, mumps and rubella antibodies. There were no significant differences in immune responses between groups for any of the three vaccine components. In initially seronegative subjects, the respective post-vaccination seroconversion rates for ‘Priorix’ lots 1 and 2, and M-M-R II were 100, 100 and 97.6% for measles antibodies, 91.7, 95.1 and 94% for mumps antibodies and 100, 100 and 100% for rubella antibodies, respectively. GMTs for the three groups were 3,076, 3,641 and 3,173 mIU/ml for measles antibodies, 934, 900 and 1,043 U/ml for mumps antibodies, and 86.4, 87.5 and 97.1 IU/ml for rubella antibodies, respectively. The incidence of local symptoms was significantly lower for both ‘Priorix’ lots (17.6 and 15.3% for lots 1 and 2, respectively) than for M-M-R II (37.6%). Fever≧38.1°C during the six-week observation period occurred in approximately 25% of all subjects in all groups with no differences between the groups. No parotid/salivary gland swelling or signs of suspected meningism were reported, and there were no serious adverse events related to vaccination. The new MMR vaccine ‘Priorix’ containing the new RIT 4385 mumps strain was safe and had a significantly improved local tolerability profile over the comparator vaccine, M-M-R II, while eliciting an at least equivalent immune response.     

Humoral immune response of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors against the measles,mumps, and rubella vaccination

ABSTRACT

Background: There is a great risk of infection with viral-vaccine-preventable diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) infections after the end of chemotherapy treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which could have been prevented with MMR vaccination. Previous studies reported widely variable rates of seropositivity (seroprotection) for MMR after ALL treatment ends. Also, few studies evaluated the response to MMR booster vaccinations after the end of ALL treatment and reported unclear and difficult to interpret results.

Material and methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of seropositive (protection) antibody titer levels for MMR among ALL childhood survivors who were followed-up at Jeddah Oncology Center, Saudi Arabia. The aim of the study was also to investigate and analyze the response of seronegative patients to a booster MMR vaccination.

Results: Fifty-seven ALL children were evaluated. Thirty-five patients (61.4%) were seropositive/seroprotected and the remaining 22 patients (38.6%) were seronegative for MMR. ALL Children under the age of 5 years had a higher prevalence of seronegative titers. Interestingly, the prevalence of seroprotection decreased as the time interval increased post-treatment, while seroconversion rates after administering a booster MMR vaccine were 57.1%, 87.5%, and 78.6%, respectively for MMR.

Conclusion: We suggest the need for booster MMR vaccination, especially for ALL children under the age of 5 years and those who experienced a protracted time interval post-treatment.     

Pancreatitis caused by measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine

Acute pancreatitis may result from viral infections, including mumps, coxsackie B, Epstein-Barr, and varicella. However, viral pancreatitis has not been reported after immunization with viral vaccines. We report the occurrence of acute pancreatitis in an adult who had received measles, mumps, and rubella II vaccine (MMR II).     

水痘、麻疹、风疹3种传染病的临床路径管理应用研究

目的通过对临床路径在水痘、麻疹、风疹3种传染病治疗中的实际效果分析,探索符合我国国情和传染病科实情的传染病临床路径设计、组织和实施办法,评价临床路径在传染病防治中的实际效果。方法对2010年4月—2011年9月解放军第三○二医院收治的水痘、麻疹、风疹3种传染病患者实施临床路径管理(临床路径组),选取2009年1月—2010年3月收治的上述3病种患者作为对照组。临床路径组患者按照临床路径的诊疗流程进行诊疗,对照组患者按照传统的诊疗程序实施诊疗。比较2组在住院日和住院费用方面的差异。结果对水痘、麻疹、风疹3病种实施临床路径管理后,临床路径组的住院费用低于对照组,住院日短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论临床路径管理在水痘、麻疹、风疹3病种中能显著地提高医疗护理质量,降低医疗成本,减少医疗资源的消耗。