伤椎置钉法在胸腰椎骨折治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨伤椎置钉法对胸腰椎骨折的复位与固定效果。方法对38例胸腰椎骨折椎双侧或一侧椎弓根完整、椎体下半部及下终板无爆裂患者,通过伤椎植入椎弓根螺钉,在后路行椎间撑开、连接钉棒使伤椎复位的过程中,使伤椎获得垂直向前的推顶力,以期恢复伤椎前柱高度和后凸Cobb角的矫正,达到局部的应力平衡。所有患者外伤至手术时间为1～10d,平均5.1d。结果术后随访6～40个月,平均18个月。后凸Cobb角由术前平均25.4°恢复至术后平均2.3°;椎体前缘由术前正常椎体平均高度的58.8%矫正至术后正常椎体平均高度的90.3%;伤椎脱位均基本复位,无椎间隙过度撑开、内固定物松动断裂现象;33例合并圆锥、马尾神经损伤的病例,术后神经功能按Frankel分级比较,31例(93.9%)有1～3级的改善。6例术后15～18个月行内固定物取出术,见后外侧植骨融合良好。结论伤椎置钉法是安全的,可有效地使伤椎获得良好复位与固定,有利于维持矫正效果、减少内固定的松动或断裂。     

经伤椎椎弓根双侧置钉单侧植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨经伤椎椎弓根双侧置钉、单侧植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法自2011年9月~2013年9月,采用后路椎弓根钉复位内固定,结合经伤椎椎弓根单侧植骨、双侧置钉,治疗胸腰椎骨折22例,所有患者术前、术后及末次随访时测量矢状位Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度,以Charles标准评定临床疗效。结果所有患者随访12~20个月,平均15个月,术后伤椎前缘高度、矢状位Cobb角得到明显改善,神经功能ASIA分级明显提高,骨折椎体高度无明显丢失,内固定未见松脱断裂,临床疗效优良率为86.4%。结论经伤椎椎弓根单侧植骨双侧置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折可靠、有效,值得临床推广。     

短节段椎弓根钉内固定结合伤椎内植骨术治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨短节段椎弓根钉内固定结合伤椎内植骨术治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折的临床应用及疗效.方法采用后路短节段椎弓根钉系统复位固定并经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨术治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折35例,分别于术前、术后及随访时测量伤椎前、后缘高度和 Cobb 角,比较植骨后推体高度的恢复度和 Cobb 角的纠正度.结果本组病例均获随访,平均随访时间12.5个月.平均骨折愈合时间5.4个月.全部随访患者未出现断钉、断棒及椎弓根钉拔出.所有病例术后及随访时椎体高度和 Cobb 角均纠正良好,脊柱椎体排列良好,椎体内植骨融合良好.其中11例1年后,10例1年半后取内固定物,取内固定物半年后拍片未见椎体高度丢失和塌陷.结论后路短节段椎弓根钉内固定结合伤椎内植骨术治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折治疗能不仅有效恢复伤椎高度,尽早形成伤椎的骨性愈合,增加伤椎前、中柱的支撑力,重建了伤椎前、中柱的稳定性,而且保留伤椎邻近节段的运动单元功能,恢复脊柱的生理功能,有效防止断钉、内固定物松动、椎体前缘高度丢失、Cobb 角变大、继发腰椎不稳、临近节段间盘退变以及椎管狭窄等并发症的发生.     

短节段固定结合伤椎置钉、植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果分析

目的 分析短节段固定结合伤椎置钉、植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果。方法 选择2015年2月~2017年2月我院收治的78例胸腰椎骨折患者,随机分为甲组和乙组,每组39例。甲组采用传统后路短节段椎弓根螺钉复位固定技术治疗,乙组采用短节段固定结合伤椎置钉、植骨治疗,对比两组患者的临床效果和椎体中间高度评分。结果 乙组的优良率为92.30%,高于甲组的66.70%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术后乙组的椎体中间高度评分为（95.5±0.4）%,高于甲组的（80.1±4.1）%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 对胸腰椎骨折患者采用短节段固定结合伤椎置钉、植骨方式进行治疗,能让患者尽快愈合,弥补传统治疗方式的不足,值得推广和应用。     

经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术中不同置钉方式治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果比较

目的:对比经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术中不同置钉方式应用于胸腰椎骨折的治疗效果.方法:选取本院接收的胸 96 例腰椎骨折患者作为研究对象.随机分成A组(n=48)和B组(n=48).A组采用跨伤椎置钉,B组采用经伤椎置钉.分析比较两组围术期指标、疼痛程度、影像学指标、腰椎功能以及并发症发生情况.结果:A组手术时间短于B组,术中出血量少于B组(P＜0.05).术后 5 d,两组视觉模拟评分量表(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)评分低于术后 3 d、术后1 d(P＜0.05),两组术后 3 d VAS评分低于术后 1 d(P＜0.05),但组间各时点比较差异无统计学意义.术后 1y,两组伤椎前缘高度压缩率和伤椎矢状面 Cobb 角均降低,且B组降低更明显(P＜0.05).术后 1y,两组改良Oswestry腰椎功能指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评分均明显降低,且B组降低更明显(P＜0.05).B组并发症发生率低于A组(P＜0.05).结论:与跨伤椎置钉方式比较,经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术中采用经伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折可改善伤椎前缘高度压缩率、伤椎矢状面Cobb角以及腰椎功能,并发症发生率低,但手术时间较长,术中出血量较多.     

伤椎置钉短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折效果报告

目的：讨论经伤椎置钉短节段椎弓根螺钉固定系统治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果。方法采用经伤椎椎弓根螺钉3椎体6钉内固定技术治疗60例胸腰椎骨折患者进行回顾性分析。结果本组治疗显示院内固定手术失败率0%,术后伤椎高度矫正率96±15.2%,术后Cobb角变化值17.5±5.65%,远期伤椎高度丢失率1.7±0.57%,远期Cobb角丢失值1.17±0.52%。结论经伤椎椎弓根螺钉3椎体6钉内固定技术治疗胸腰椎骨折效果良好。     

胸腰椎骨折后路手术中经椎弓根伤椎内植骨术的临床应用

目的：探讨经椎弓根伤椎内植骨术在胸腰椎骨折后路手术中的应用方法和疗效。方法：26例胸腰椎骨折先行后路椎弓根螺钉撑开复位内固定，9例行术中后路减压，后经椎弓根向骨折椎体内植入自体髂骨粒。结果：术后随访12～18月，平均14．2个月。术后1a椎体前缘平均高度恢复至正常95．8％，平均Cobb角丢失〈2°。无一例出现神经症状加重，无内固定松动、断裂并发症。结论：经椎弓根伤椎内自体骨移植应用于胸腰椎后路内固定术能增强伤椎抗压稳定性，提供脊柱即时及晚期稳定性，加速骨折的愈合，重建椎体高度，减少内固定并发症，是安全有效的治疗方法。     

伤椎单侧后路短节段内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨伤椎单侧固定与双侧固定后路短节段内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果。方法将2013年6月至2015年6月我科收治的73例胸腰椎骨折患者作为研究对象,其中48例附加伤椎双侧置钉的6钉固定患者作为6钉固定组,25例附加伤椎单侧置钉的5钉固定患者作为5钉固定组,随访时间平均24.6个月,对比分析2组患者在手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间和费用、矢状位后凸Cobb’s角、伤椎后凸角、椎体前缘高度、术后矫正度丢失情况、疼痛VAS评分、ODI评分的差异。结果2组患者的手术时间、住院费用比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。2组患者术前与术后患者的矢状位后凸Cobb’s角、伤椎后凸角、椎体前缘高度比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),2组末次随访时矫正度的丢失情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论伤椎单侧内固定技术能够显著矫正胸腰椎骨折的后凸畸形,达到伤椎双侧固定后路短节段内固定术的临床效果,且较伤椎双侧内固定术能够明显减少手术时间和住院费用。     

微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的置钉选择

背景:单向椎弓根螺钉虽然在经皮椎弓根螺钉技术中有不利于安装的弱势,但其具有比万向椎弓根螺钉更佳的力学传导特性和稳定性,实践中如何选择和使用这2种螺钉,发挥各自优势,进一步提高疗效,已成为一个值得思考的课题。目的:比较单向与万向椎弓根螺钉不同置钉选择下,经皮椎弓根复位固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法:对46例无神经损伤症状的胸腰椎骨折患者采用微创经皮椎弓根螺钉复位内固定手术治疗,其中25例采用单向钉复位骨折固定(单向钉组),21例采用万向钉复位骨折固定(万向钉组)。比较内固定前后2组椎体前、后缘高度、伤椎后凸角、矫正率、丢失率等影像学指标,评价经皮单向钉和万向钉复位固定胸腰椎骨折的治疗效果。结果与结论:(1)2组在内固定时间、出血量、并发症以及住院时间等围术期资料差异无显著性意义(P0.05),(2)2组内固定后伤椎前、后缘高度百分比、伤椎后凸角度与内固定前比较,差异均有显著性意义(P0.05)。(3)内固定后单向螺钉组伤椎前缘高度百分比、伤椎后凸角度、矫正度优于万向螺钉组(P0.05),末次随访时丢失率优于万向螺钉组(P0.05),但内固定后伤椎后缘高度百分比差异无显著统计学差异(P0.05);(4)结果说明,与万向钉复位固定比较,应用单向钉椎弓根螺钉经皮微创复位、固定治疗胸腰椎骨折,更具有满意的骨折撑开复位疗效,后期矫形丢失更少。     

伤椎内球囊扩张植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的应用价值研究

目的探讨后路钉棒复位固定联合经椎弓根伤椎内球囊扩张后植骨手术,在胸腰椎爆裂骨折治疗中的应用价值。方法 31例胸腰段及腰椎爆裂骨折,采用后路椎弓根钉棒复位固定,经伤椎椎弓根置入PKP系统球囊,扩大伤椎内骨质空腔,植入人工骨填充的方法进行治疗,并在手术时间、透视次数、植骨量、出血量、椎体前后缘平均高度、Cobb角、椎管占位等方面,与钉棒复位经椎弓根单纯植骨方法做初步对比。结果31例爆裂骨折复位固定良好,神经功能ASIA评分无一例加重,伤椎内植骨区域填充良好,22例患者术后坚持随访,无一例断钉断棒,骨折愈合良好,伤椎内无空腔形成,取出内固定物后6月复查,无一例伤椎塌陷;在手术时间、透视次数、出血量、椎体前后缘平均高度、Cobb角、椎管占位等方面,与经椎弓根单纯植骨手术无明显差异,但植骨量更加充分,有明显的统计学差异(P0.01)。结论本术式治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折理论上是一种有效手段,但与传统的简单钉棒复位固定方式比较,是否可以明显减少钉棒取出后伤椎塌陷的发生,还需深入研究及大宗病例随访。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964