师范院校大学生心理健康与自杀意念关系的研究

目的研究大学生心理健康与自杀意念（Suicide Ideation）的关系。方法选用一般健康问卷（General Health Questionnaire GHQ-20）与修订的自杀意念量表,对师范院校学生进行调查。结果在516份有效问卷中,大学生有自杀意念及较强自杀意念的检出率分别为13．8％和7．6％。男生自杀意念的检出率明显高于女生（x^2=13．544,P〈0．001）,文科学生明显高于理科学生（x^2=12．072,P〈0．001）,高年级学生明显高于低年级学生（x^2=8．394,P〈0．05）。差异检验表明,与无自杀意念组相比,有自杀意念组学生的心理健康总分、抑郁及焦虑分较高,自我肯定得分较低（P〈0．001）。多元回归分析结果显示,抑郁、自我肯定、焦虑能够预测大学生自杀意念26．0％的变异量,其中,抑郁的预测力最佳,其解释量为23．5％。结论大学生自杀意念与心理健康有密切联系,抑郁是预测大学生自杀意念的最好指标。     

大学生竞争意识与父母养育方式相关研究

目的：探索大学生竞争意识与父母养育方式的关系。方法：采用父母养育方式评价量表和大学生竞争心理量表对292名大学生进行研究。结果：男生在竞争策略、动机、倾向和竞争内容上的得分都显著高于女生（P〈0．05～0．001）；年级在竞争意识各个因子和总分都有显著性差异（P〈0．05～0．001）；文科与理科学生的竞争倾向明显高于其他专业的（P〈0．05）；成长于城市的大学生的竞争策略得分明显高于乡镇和农村的（P〈0．05），但前者竞争动机明显低于后者（P〈0．05）；除了父亲情感温暖、理解与母亲情感温暖、理解以外，父母养育方式其他因子均与竞争意识有显著性相关（P〈0．05-0．001）；回归分析发现，父亲偏爱被试、母亲惩罚严厉、父亲惩罚严厉与父亲过分干涉等因素对竞争意识做出显著预测（P〈0．05-0．001），它们共同解释了18.3％的竞争意识变异。结论：大学生竞争意识各维度存在性别、年级等显著差异：父母养育方式对大学生竞争意识产生相关影响。     

医学院校大学生心理素质现状

目的对广州某医学院校在校大学生心理素质的现状进行调查分析。方法使用华南师范大学郑希付、罗品超编制的《大学生心理素质量表》对500名在校医学生进行调查。结果该校大学生心理素质显著低于全国大学生常模（t=-19．293，P〈0．001），其中只有心理动力素质较高于全国常模（t=4．472，P〈0．001）；职业能力素质男生显著高于女生（t=2．271，P〈O．05），在学习心理素质上，男生显著低于女生（t=-2．521，P〈0．05）；各年级大学生在学习心理素质上有显著差异（F=2．760，P〈0．05）。结论医学院校大学生心理素质普遍低于一般大学生；男生职业能力素质优于女生，但学习心理素质不如女生；大三学生的学习心理素质比不上大一、大二学生。     

焦虑症患者心理控制源及人格特点的对照研究

目的：探讨焦虑症患者心理控制源及人格的特点，方法：选取焦虑症患者40例，正常对照组40例。所有被试均完成内在-外在控制量表（I—E）和成人艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）。结果：焦虑症患者I-E量表分显著低于正常人（P〈0．01），I-E量表分低分者比率显著高于正常人，高分者比率显著低于正常人（P〈0．01）。焦虑症患者EPQ-P分和EPQ-N分均显著高于正常人（P均〈0．01），而EPQ—L分显著低于正常人（P〈0．01）。结论：焦虑症患者有较高的内控性，具有神经质和精神质人格特点．     

精神科护士心理资本对工作倦怠的影响

目的探讨精神科护士心理资本与工作倦怠的关系,改善护士身心健康,降低其工作倦怠,提高精神科护士工作效率和改进招聘选拔标准。方法通过随机取样,采用一般情况调查表,Luthans心理资本问卷（PCQ-24）及工作倦怠量表（MBI—Gs）,对某地区精神卫生中心的103名护士进行问卷调查。结果不同学历,职称和工作年限的精神科护士自我价值维度得分,组间比较具有统计学差异（F=3．95,P〈0．05;F=4．47,5．37;P〈0．01）,月收入不同的护士之间的希望维度组间比较差异有统计学意义（F=5．74,P〈0．01）,职称不同护士的韧性维度得分,组间比较具有统计学差异（F=4．96,P〈0．01）。工作年限不同的精神科护士心理资本中疲劳感维度,组间比较有统计学差异（F=5．36,P〈0．01）,职称和月收入不同的精神科护士的成就感降低维度,组间比较有统计学差异（F=5．84,6．83,P〈0．01）。除了心理资本的希望维度与工作倦怠的人际关系敏感维度之间相关不显著外,精神科护士心理资本的其他维度与工作倦怠的其他维度都呈负性相关（P〈0．01）。结论精神科护士的心理资本与工作倦怠程度密切相关,心理资本可以显著改善工作倦怠的负面影响作用。     

广州市社区美沙酮维持治疗效果评估

目的评估广州市社区美沙酮维持治疗工作效果。方法对接受美沙酮维持治疗满6个月的患者进行问卷调查,分析并比较其在接受治疗前后的吸毒、性行为、违法活动及社会家庭功能等变化情况。结果接受6个月的治疗后,最近1个月使用毒品率从100％下降至13．8％（x^2=98．378,P〈0．01）;注射吸毒率由95．4％下降至12．3％（x^2=90．257,P〈0．01）;过去3个月被公安机关逮捕的比例从12．3％下降到3．1％（x^2=3．973,P〈0．05）;获得工作情况方面有所改善（x^2=7．900,P〈0．01）。结论社区美沙酮维持治疗可以减少受治者毒品的使用、减少与吸毒有关的高危行为、减少与吸毒有关的违法犯罪、有效恢复受治者家庭及社会功能。     

日常生活时间性预期记忆的提取线索探析

目的探讨日常生活时间性预期记忆的提取线索及其特点。方法采用自编的时间性预期记忆的提取问题调查表，对254名17—40岁的学生、教师等进行测试。结果（1）日常生活时间性预期记忆的提取线索主要有三个方面；记忆策略、加工产物和意图类型。（2）日常生活时间性预期记忆的提取线索存在显著的年龄差异，26-40岁年龄组在记忆策略（t=2.98，P〈0．01）、加工产物（t=2．53，P〈0．05）和意图类型（t=2．64，P〈0．01）因子上的得分均真显著高于17-25岁年龄组。（3）日常生活时间性预期记忆的提取线索存在显著的师生差异，教师在记忆策略（t=3．75，P〈0．001）、加工产物（t=2.43，P〈0．05）和意图类型（t=2．10，P〈0．05）因子上的得分真显著高于学生。（4）记忆自评偏好组在加工产物（t=5．53，P〈0．001）和意图类型（t=2．27，P〈0．05）因子上的得分显著高于记忆自评偏差组。结论个体倾向于使用记忆策略、加工产物和意图类型作为时间性预期记忆的提取线索，表现出明真真的加工性和经验性特点。     

1475例肺结核病人密切接触者连续8个月随访调查分析

目的探索攀枝花市肺结核病人密切接触者发病的相关危险因素。方法对2007年1月至2008年6月期间内尚未完成治疗疗程的各级结防机构登记的肺结核病人的密切接触者,通过胸部X线检查、痰涂片检查,并结合受检者的临床症状诊断是否患有活动性肺结核病．同时对所有密切接触者进行连续8个月的随访观察,对密切接触者检查获得的数据利用SPSS软件,应用Logistic回归进行分析和x^2检验对相关数据进行分析。结果共有1475名密切接触者接受检查,共发现活动性肺结核病人14例,持续8个月的跟踪观察全部密切接触者无新发肺结核病例。通过对检查结果应用Logistic回归分析发现影响肺结核病人密切接触者患病的危险因素为居住地（城市或农村）（x^2=3．415,P〈0．05,OR=4．148）、密切接触者的性别（x^2=4．955,P〈0．05,OR=0．232）,而与密切接触者年龄（0～14岁或≥15岁）（x^2=1．181,P〉0．05,OR=3．106）、密切接触者与肺结核病人的密切关系（亲属或非亲属）（x^2〈0．001,P〉0．05,OR〈0．001）、肺结核病人的痰涂片检查结果（涂阴、±、1＋、2＋、3＋、4＋）（X^2=2．017,P〉0．05,OR=0．771）、肺结核病人咳嗽程度（咳嗽〈3周、≥3周或无咳嗽症状）（x^2=0．003,P〉0．05,OR=0．971）无关。并应用x^2检验对攀枝花市与全国相关数据进行比较,发现攀枝花市活动性肺结核密切接触者的患病率为949．15／10万,高于2000年我国流调时367．03／10万的患病率（x^2=13．528,P〈0．05,OR=2．601,0R95％C．I．（1．533,4．415）。结论影响攀枝花市肺结核病人密切接触者肺结核发病的相关危险因素由高到低依次为居住地、密切接触者的性别,而密切接触者与肺结核病人的密切关系、年龄、肺结核病人的痰涂片检查结果、肺结核病人咳嗽程度与密切接触者发病无关,提示我们在今后的工作中应重视痰涂片涂阴肺结核病人的密切接触者的筛查工作,尤其是在广大的农村地区我们更应重视密切接触者的筛查工作。     

银屑病患者外周血中循环内皮细胞的检测及其临床意义

目的探讨循环内皮细胞（CEC）在银屑病患者外周血中的变化及其临床意义。方法用流式细胞术检测47例正常对照和47例银屑病患者外周血中CEC的数量。结果①银屑病患者组CEC数量显著高于对照组（t=6．199，P〈0．001）；其中男性患者组显著高于男性对照组（t=4．570，P〈0．001）；女性患者组亦显著高于女性对照组（t：4．161，P〈0．001）。②对照组，男性与女性比较无显著性差异（t=0．899，P〉0．1）；患者组，男性与女性比较亦无显著性差异（t=0．400，P〉0．5）。结论CEC数量变化可能与银屑病的发病密切相关，银屑病患者CEC数量无性别差异。     

山东地区冠心病危险因素的调查研究

目的分析山东地区体检人群冠心病的显著的危险因素。方法将980名体检人群分为冠心病组和对照组，记录病史及一般资料，采集空腹静脉血化验血脂、血糖水平。结果冠心病组肥胖、吸烟、大量饮酒、高血压和血脂异常的比例显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）水平显著高于对照组（P〈0．001）。相关分析显示，冠心病与TG（r=0．28，P〈0．001）、TC（r=0．23，P〈0．001）、SBP（r=0．14，P=0．011）水平显著正相关。结论血脂异常、高血压、肥胖、吸烟、大量饮酒是山东地区冠心病显著的危险因素；冠心病的发生与该地区人群的饮食生活习惯有关。     

Photoperiodicity and the function of the hypophysis and the adrenal cortex

Summary The ACTH content of the hypophysis of rats rises from a minimum in the morning to a maximum in the evening hours. These fluctuations are associated with the diurnal rhythm of light and darkness, and are abolished under conditions of continual light or darkness for 30 days. Rhythmic fluctuations of the ascorbic acid content of the adrenals are also found, with maximum values in the evening, and these are likewise abolished by maintenance under conditions of constant illumination.Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin     

Anatomic considerations and the relationship between the piriformis muscle and the sciatic nerve

Stating background  The piriformis syndrome is one of the non-discogenics causes of sciatica. It results from the compression of the sciatic nerve (SN) by the piriformis muscle (PM) in the neutral and piriformis stretch test position. The evidence of the increase in pain in the test position requires a detailed anatomical study addressing the changes that occurred in the SN and PM anatomy during the test position. The aim of this study is to examine this relationship morphometrically. Materials and methods  A total of 20 right and left lower limbs of ten adult cadavers were examined. The SN and the PM were made visible. The location of the SN was evaluated with respect to the consistent bony landmarks, including the greater and the lesser trochanter of the femur, the ischial tuberosity, the ischial spine of the hip bone, the posterior inferior iliac spine of the hip bone and the posterior superior iliac spine of the hip bone. The study was done in both neutral and test positions (i.e., 30° adduction 60° flexion and approximately 10° medial rotation position of the hip joint). Results  The width of the greater sciatic notch was 63.09 ± 13.59 mm. The length of the lower edge of the PM was 95.49 ± 6.21 mm, and whereas the diameter of the SN where it emerged from the infrapiriforme was 17.00 ± 3.70 mm, the diameter decreased to 11.03 ± 2.52 mm at the level of the lesser trochanter of the femur. The SN intersected the PM most commonly in its medial second quarter anatomically. The vertical distance between the medial edge of the SN–PM intersection point and the ischial tuberosity was 85.62 ± 17.23 and 72.28 ± 7.56 mm (P < 0.05); the angle between the SN and the transverse plane was 66.36° ± 6.68° and 71.90 ± 8.48° (P < 0.05); and the vertical distance between the medial edge of the SN and the apex of the ischial spine of the hip bone was 17.33 ± 4.89 and 15.84 ± 4.63 mm (P > 0.05), before and after the test position, respectively. Conclusion  This study provides helpful information regarding the course and the location of the SN. The presented morphometric data also revealed that after stretch test position, the infrapiriforme foramen becomes narrower; the SN becomes closer to the ischial spine of the hip bone, and the angle between the SN and the transverse plane increases. This study confirmed that the SN is prone to be trapped in the test position, and diagnosis of this situation requires dynamic MR and MR neurography study.     

空肠和回肠直动脉及器官表面动脉的观测

目的　通过对空、回肠直动脉分支类型的观察、测量不同类型直动脉管径、间距以及器官表面动脉吻合网面密度 ,探讨空、回肠血供形态的异同 ,为临床空、回肠疾病手术、器官移植、介入治疗提供形态学依据。方法　选取 15具成人及 2～ 6岁小儿 10具进行股动脉插管、乳胶灌注后解剖剥离直动脉 ,将空回肠均分 5段观测相关指标。结果　成人空肠 (1、2段 )及回肠 (3～ 5段 )直动脉起始处外管径 (mm)分别为 0 6 8± 0 18、0 72± 0 0 1、0 6 1± 0 0 2、0 5 3± 0 0 3和 0 5 1± 0 0 1,相邻分支间距 (mm)分别为 2 89± 1 72、2 79± 2 0 6、2 2 1± 1 6 4、2 17± 1 17及 2 85± 0 4 6 ;空、回肠直动脉长、短干型分支供血能力不同 ;空肠器官表面动脉吻合网面密度大于回肠。结论　直动脉分支类型、管径、间距及器官表面动脉吻合网面密度对空、回肠血供影响较大。     

指背腱膜滑动与近侧指间关节屈曲关系及临床意义

目的:探讨指背腱膜滑动距离与近侧指间关节(PIP)屈曲关系,为临床修复提供解剖学基础。方法:男性成人新鲜尸体标本10侧30指(示、中、环指各10指),切除手指皮肤,不破坏腱鞘、屈肌支持带、伸肌支持带、内在肌及外在肌,使肌腱保持正常的生理状态,分别测量各指中央束(CS)、侧束(LB)在PIP屈曲45°和90°时的滑动距离。结果:当PIP屈曲45°时,CS滑动距离为(2.7±0.4)mm,LB滑动距离为(2.8±0.6)mm;当PIP屈曲90°时,CS滑动距离为(4.3±0.7)mm,LB滑动距离为(4.8±0.6)mm。结论:指背腱膜滑动距离减少,严重影响手指的屈曲功能。对于指背腱膜的新鲜性损伤应予以精确修复;对于陈旧性损伤的修复应确保指背腱膜的正常滑动范围。     

岛叶与锥体束空间关系的影像学和解剖学研究

目的研究岛叶与锥体束的空间位置关系,为岛叶病变手术中保护锥体束和减少术后运动功能障碍提供指导。方法2013年3—10月,选取10例健康志愿者采用MR弥散张量纤维束成像( DTT)重建锥体束影像,选取6例成人颅脑标本运用Klingler白质纤维解剖技术解剖岛叶区域显露内囊和放射冠,在标本上进行断层解剖观察并测量岛叶标志点与内囊和放射冠的间距,结合MRI与解剖观察结果,对岛叶与锥体束的空间位置关系进行前瞻性研究。结果岛叶标志点在颅脑标本和MRI中均容易辨认。 DTT重建影像显示锥体束经过了岛叶后上部的深部。在解剖标本利用上中央岛点( UCIP)和后下岛点( PIIP)间连线将岛叶划分成前下部和后上部两个区域。岛叶后上部皮层与锥体束之间为最外囊、屏状核和外囊,而无壳核和苍白球。 UCIP和后上岛点( PSIP)距其深部的放射冠分别为(5.0依0.3)mm和(4.7依0.3)mm,PIIP距其深部的内囊后肢(5.7依0.5)mm。结论利用UCIP和PIIP连线所划分出的岛叶后上部因毗邻锥体束是手术危险区域。岛叶危险区域的划分有助于术前评估手术风险和预后,术中保护锥体束,降低术后运动功能障碍的发生率。     

Organization and distribution of the upper and lower esophageal motoneurons in the medulla and the spinal cord of the rat

The upper cervical esophagus is exerted on swallowing and peristalsis by somatic and visceral motoneurons, whereas the lower esophagus is exerted on only peristalsis by visceral motoneurons. We examined the origin of the esophageal motoneurons and whether there were any differences between the distributions of the upper and the lower esophageal motoneurons in the medulla and the spinal cord using cholera toxin subunit b (CTb) as the retrograde tracer. Following injection of CTb into the cervical esophagus resulted in heavy labeling of the neurons in the nucleus ambiguus including the compact (AmC), semicompact (AmS) and loose (AmL) formations, and the medial column of lamina IX at the C1-C5 levels of the cervical spinal cord corresponding to the spinal accessory nucleus. A few labeled neurons were found in the inferior salivatory nucleus, the rostral division of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMX), the accessory facial nucleus and the lateral column of lamina IX at the C2 and C3 levels. All these labeled neurons showed ChAT immunoreactivity. When CTb was injected into the cut end of the unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve, many labeled neurons were found in the ipsilateral AmC, the AmL, and the bilateral medial column at the C1 and C2 levels. Following injection of CTb into the subdiaphragmatic esophagus resulted in heavy labeling of the neurons only in the AmC and the DMX. When CTb was injected into the sternomastoid muscle, many labeled neurons were found in the medullary reticular formation, the facial nucleus, the medial column at the C1-C3, C5 and C6 levels, and the lateral column at the C2, C3, C5 and C6 levels. Injections of a Fluoro-Gold into the cervical esophagus and a CTb into the sternomastoid muscle or the subdiaphragmatic esophagus in the same animal showed many double labeled neurons in the medial column of the accessory nucleus at the C1 and C2 levels, but no double labeled neurons in the AmC. These results indicated that the upper cervical esophagus is innervated by the visceral medullary vagal motoneurons as well as the somatic spinal accessory motoneurons. The lower esophagus is innervated only by the visceral medullary vagal motoneurons.     

Cutaneous calciphylactic reactions in the mouse and the rat and the effects of diphosphonates on the reaction in the rat

Calciphylaxis is a local tissue calcific reaction at the site of an injection of challenger substance given a critical time period after the oral administration of a sensitizer substance such as dihydrotachysterol (DHT), vitamin D or parathormone. Cutaneous calciphylaxis is readily induced in the rat but not in the mouse and this may be because, in the latter, the challenger substance is absorbed rapidly by macrophages. In the rat the administration of 500 micrograms/0.1 ml of DHT followed after 24 h by the subcutaneous (SC) injection of ferric chloride (FeCl3) (30 micrograms/0.1 ml) is followed rapidly by calcification of the SC site. There is an early transient acute inflammatory reaction with the incrustation of collagen fibres by the iron salt and an apparent exudation of calcium and phosphate ions from the bloodstream. These ions also become associated with collagen fibres. Two days after injection macrophages and multinucleated giant cells become the dominant cells. Calciphylaxis is a useful experimental model of ectopic calcification and is associated with an initial hypercalcaemia. The diphosphonates ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) and dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) are effective inhibitors of the calciphylactic reaction when administered prior to the initiation of the experimental procedure.