VEGF—C真核表达载体的构建和体外表达

目的：构建血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)基因的真核表达栽体，检测其在真核细胞CHO中的表达。方法：根据人VEGF—C cDNA的序列，设计合成一对特异性引物，用RT—PCR法克隆乳腺癌细胞MCF-7VEGF—C基因的cDNA，回收PCR产物连接于克隆载体。扩增，质粒提取，酶切鉴定并进行基因序列鉴定。酶切回收VEGF—C cDNA全长的基因片段，与真核表达栽体pcDNA3．1(-)连接重组质粒进行酶切鉴定。采用脂质体转染法将构建的pcDNA3．1(-)，VEGF-C转染至CHO细胞中，G418加压筛选培养。最后用Westerm—blotting法检测细胞培养上清以及裂解细胞中的VEGF-C蛋白。结果：基因测序证实RT-PCR产物包含VEGF-C cDNA全长。重组peDNA3．1(-)中含 有VEGF—C cDNA全长序列，Westem—blotting检测到细胞培养上清中以及细胞内有VEGF-C蛋白存在。结论：成功构建了人类VEGF-C真核表达载体并检测到载体在真核细胞中的表达。     

人端粒酶催化亚单位(hTERT)特异性锤头状核酶真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的 设计并合成人TERT特异性的锤头状核酶(hammerhead ribozyme)基因并构建其真核表达载体.含有核酶靶基因hTERTcDNA保守序列的T载体pMD18-T-hTERT的构建.方法 运用计算机软件人工设计并合成核酶基因(RZ),将核酶基因克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA 3.1(+)中,重组子由BamH I和EcoR I酶切,琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定及DNA测序.RT-PCR法扩增目的 基因cDNA保守序列,与pMD-18进行T-A连接,重组子经菌液PCR及测序鉴定.结果 RZ人工合成后与pcDNA 3.1(+)连接,酶切电泳及DNA测序证实合成的核酶基因序列正确并已被准确克隆入pcDNA 3.1(+)的BamH I和EcoR I位点之间,命名为pcDNA 3.1-RZ.220bp的hTERT基因cDNA保守序列准确克隆于pMD18-T,命名为pMD18-T-hTERT.结论成功合成hTERT特异性的锤头状核酶基因并构建了该基因的真核表达载体,以及核酶靶基因的pMD18-T-hTERT载体.     

诱导型一氧化氮合酶基因真核表达载体的构建

目的 构建含有人诱导型一氧化氮合酶基因真核表达载体pcDNA3-iNOS。方法 采用分子生物学技术，以Hind Ⅲ和XbI I双酶切pSPORT-iNOS，电泳回收3．96kb编码人iNOS cDNA序列．克隆入真核表达栽体pcDNA3的Hind Ⅲ和XbI I位点。结果 重组真核表达载体pcDNA3-iNOS经酶切鉴定证明iNOS基因正向插入真核表达载体中，用人iNOS基因特异性引物，PCR分析重组质粒和进行碱基序列的测定均证明重组质粒中含有人iNOS基因序列。结论 构建的真核表达栽体携有人iNOS cDNA序列，并且含有巨细胞病毒强启动子、ploy(A)加接信号和neo标志基因，具有转染多种哺乳类细胞通用性，可用于iNOS基因的真核表达及调控的研究。     

亚细胞定位PTEN基因真核表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的：构建人野生型亚细胞定位PTEN基因真核表达载体,为进一步研究其抗肿瘤作用奠定基础。 方法：以胎盘组织RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR技术扩增目的基因片段。PCR产物与T载体连接,转化大肠杆菌,获得T-PTEN质粒,进行酶切鉴定和测序。以T-PTEN质粒为模板,利用PCR技术将核定位信号（NSL）加入PTEN序列。PCR产物与T载体连接,转化大肠杆菌,获得T-NSL-PTEN质粒。真核表达载体pcDNA3.1及T-NSL-PTEN质粒经EcoRⅠ和BamHⅠ双酶切后连接,转化大肠杆菌,获得重组载体pcDNA3.1-NSL-PTEN,进行酶切和测序鉴定。结果：重组质粒PUM-PTEN酶切在1　200　bp处见目的片段,与预期结果符合。测序结果显示基因序列与目的基因完全一致;重组质粒PUM-NSL-PTEN酶切在1　200 bp处见目的片段,测序结果显示基因序列与设计一致,核定位信号成功加入;重组质粒pcDNA3.1-PTEN酶切在1 200 bp处见目的片段,测序结果显示基因序列与目的基因相同;重组载体pcDNA3.1-NSL-PTEN经双酶切和测序证实了其正确性EcoRⅠ和BamHⅠ双酶切在1　200 bp处见目的片段,与预期结果一致。测序结果显示,核定位信号成功加入,其后是阅读框架正确的PTEN基因序列。结论：成功构建可表达亚细胞定位PTEN的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-NSL-PTEN。     

人巨细胞病毒IE1真核表达载体的构建与表达

目的构建人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）IEl真核表达载体，观察其在真核细胞内的表达，为HC—MVIEl核酸疫苗的相关研究奠定基础。方法将质粒pNEBl93-IEl用Sal I、BamH I双酶切与载体pEGFP—C1连接构建重组载体pEGFP—C1-IEl；双酶切鉴定后，取重组载体pEGFP—C1-IEl用EcoR I 、Hind Ⅲ／双酶切与载体pcDNA3．1（-）连接构建重组质粒pcDNA3．I（-）-IEl，双酶切和测序鉴定；将重组质粒pcDNA3．1（-）-IEl转染HeLa细胞，RT—PCR检测IElmRNA的表达。结果重组载体pEGFP—C1-IEl和pcDNA3．1（-）-IEl双酶切后均可切出约1476bp目的片段；重组载体pcDNA3．1（-）-IEI测序结果登录C,enBank，作BLAST分析，含有1476bp目的基因片段，无碱基错配和移码突变，与读码框完全-致；转染重组载体pcDNA3．1（-）-IEl的细胞中可扩增出约1476bp的目的条带。结论成功地构建了真核表达载体pcDNA3．1（-）-IEl，且其能在真核细胞内袁达。     

人可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-2基因的克隆与鉴定

目的获取人可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-2(sKDR)基因,构建sKDR基因真核表达载体,为进一步研究sKDR抗肿瘤血管生成的基因治疗奠定基础。方法提取人胎盘组织总RNA,利用RT-PCR方法扩增获得sKDR基因cDNA,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中,测序证实后,用EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切pMD18-T-sKDR重组载体,胶回收sKDR基因,再将其定向亚克隆到真核表达载体pCMV-Script中,提取质粒做双酶切和测序鉴定。结果构建的重组sKDR基因真核表达载体pCMV-Script-sKDR分别做双酶切和测序鉴定,证实其中含有sKDR基因,测序结果经BLAST分析,与预期设计的编码区cDNA序列一致。结论成功克隆了人sKDR基因的真核表达载体。     

真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-MAGE-1的构建

目的：构建含MAGE—1基因的重组真核表达质粒。方法：用RT—PCR方法从人肝细胞肝癌组织中扩增出MAGE-1基因cDNA序列，克隆至pGEM—T载体，测序证实基因碱基序列无误后，再克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1( )，构建了pcDNA3.1—MAGE—1重组质粒。结果与结论：RT—PCR获得长度为927bp的阳性产物，经T载体和pcDNA3.1( )真核表达载体克隆、酶切鉴定及序列分析后。证实真核表达质粒pcDNA3．1—MAGE—1构建成功。     

猪带绦虫六钩蚴期特异性抗原基因真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1/TSO45-4B的构建

目的：构建表达猪带绦虫六钩蚴期特异性抗原基因TS045-4B的真核表达质粒pcDNA3．1／TS045-4B。方法：全基因合成TSO45-4B的基因序列，并利用PCR扩增该基因序列，将其插入真核表达载体pcDNA3．1，经酶切、测序鉴定。结果：经酶切和测序鉴定表明所构建的重组表达质粒中含有TSO45-4B基因。结论：成功构建pcDNA3．1／TS045-4B重组质粒。     

人PDX-1基因真核表达载体的构建及表达

目的构建人胰十二指肠同源盒(PDX-1)基因的真核表达载体,观察其在NIH3T3细胞中的表达。方法以人胰岛细胞瘤cDNA为模板,采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增PDX-1基因编码区的全部序列,克隆入真核细胞表达载体pcDNA3.1中,经限制性内切酶双酶切及DNA序列分析鉴定目的基因。序列正确的重组质粒用脂质体转染NIH3T3细胞,Western blot观察基因表达情况。结果PCR扩增的特异性片段长度为852 bp,以此构建的重组质粒pcDNA3.1-PDX-1,经BamHⅠ和EcoRⅠ双酶切后显示5.5 kb和850 bp左右的两条片段,测序结果与GenBank中的人PDX-1基因cDNA(GenBank序列号NM_000209)序列一致。证明PDX-1基因已成功克隆到了真核细胞表达载体pcDNA3.1中。Western blot证实pcDNA3.1-PDX-1转染NIH3T3细胞24 h后有PDX-1的表达。结论成功构建了pcDNA3.1-PDX-1重组真核表达载体,并在NIH3T3细胞中表达。     

重组人白介素27真核表达载体的构建

目的克隆人IL-27基因,构建其真核表达载体。方法从人外周血单核细胞诱导而成的树突状细胞中提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR克隆人IL-27亚基EBI3和p28基因,Xho I和EcoR I双酶切后插入真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1（-）,构建人IL-27真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-EBI3和pcDNA3.1-p28。结果双酶切及测序结果表明构建载体中的EBI3与p28序列与文献报道一致。结论重组人IL-27真核表达载体的构建成功,为表达出有活性的重组人IL-27奠定了基础。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.