超声引导下穿刺无水酒精注射治疗卵巢囊肿疗效观察

目的 观察卵巢囊肿介入治疗的疗效。方法对121例卵巢囊肿在超声引导下穿刺,抽出囊液,生理盐水冲洗囊腔,2％利多卡因3—5ml注入囊肿腔内停留5min后抽出。1／5—1／4囊液量无水乙醇（总量不超过150ml）注入囊腔,停留5min后抽出,反复3次。结果121例患者囊肿消失痊愈118例,囊肿明显缩小3例,治愈率97．5％,有效率100％。无1例腹腔内出血及化学性腹膜炎发生。术后随访6个月～6年,无1例囊肿复发。结论超声引导下穿刺介入治疗卵巢囊肿,安全、有效、微创。     

B超下平阳霉素治疗卵巢囊肿35例报告

1999年2月～2002年12月对单纯性卵巢囊肿患者,采用B超下探测抽取单纯性卵巢囊肿内液体后注入平阳霉素治疗,取得良好效果,现报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料卵巢囊肿患者35例,平均年龄34.5岁(28～42岁),临床表现无任何症状,90%以上都是在计划生育查体时发现,选择卵巢肿瘤,B超检查为单房性囊性液体。1.2方法采用B超定位,术前完善3大常规(血常规、血凝、尿常规)、心电图检查,无异常,取膀胱截石位,固定囊肿,常规皮肤消毒,用腰穿针(9号)垂直进针缓慢抽出液体使囊腔缩小,随即注入平阳霉素8mg,加生理盐水10ml稀释,抽出穿刺针,无菌纱布包扎,术后口…     

CT引导经皮注射冰醋酸治疗肾囊肿59例

目的 总结CT引导下经皮腰穿针穿刺注射冰醋酸硬化治疗肾囊肿的疗效和经验。方法 CT引导下，使用成人腰穿针经皮穿刺抽液后注入45％冰醋酸治疗59例71个肾囊肿，囊肿直径2．0～8．9cm。囊液抽净后注入少量造影剂经CT扫描确定造影剂在囊内且无外漏后．用相当于1／4～1／5囊液量的45％冰醋酸冲洗囊腔2～3次，20～30min后抽净、最后注入1／5囊液量的45％冰醋酸保留于囊内。结果全部病例均穿刺硬化治疗成功，抽出囊液11～420ml。有效率100％，囊肿消失率单发者96％，单侧多发者为63％，双肾单囊者为100％。未发生严重并发症。结论CT引导经皮腰穿针穿刺注入45％冰醋酸治疗单发或多发肾囊肿，是一种操作简便且安全高效的治疗方法。     

平阳霉素囊内注射治疗泌尿系统囊肿性疾病30例

目的 :探索平阳霉素囊内注射治疗肾囊肿、精索囊肿及睾丸鞘膜积液的疗效。方法 :用穿刺针抽出囊腔内的液体 ;将稀释后的平阳霉素 (8～ 2 4mg)注入囊腔内。 1mo和 3mo时B超复查。结果 :1 4例肾囊肿有 9例囊肿经 1次治疗完全消失 ,3例囊肿直径缩小至 2～ 3cm ,2例囊肿经再次治疗后完全消失。精索囊肿 7例、睾丸鞘膜积液 9例 ,完全消失者各 5例 ,直径缩小至 1 5cm以下者分别为 2例和 4例。结论 :平阳霉素囊内注射治疗肾囊肿、精索囊肿和鞘膜积液效果良好     

置单腔深静脉导管硬化治疗肝囊肿体会

目的探讨B超引导下单腔深静脉导管置入无水酒精硬化治疗肝囊肿疗效。方法我院自2004年以来收治35例肝囊肿患者,其中单发囊肿28例,多发囊肿7例,均在B超引导下单腔深静脉导管置入肝囊肿,抽尽囊液后注入适量无水酒精进行硬化治疗。结果 35例患者均在B超引导下单腔深静脉导管置入肝囊肿,操作成功率100%,无水酒精硬化治疗后随访0.5～2年,无效1例（2.9%）,肝囊肿缩小1/3为4例（11.4%）,肝囊肿缩小1/3～2/3为13例（37%）,肝囊肿基本消失或消失17例（48.6%）,总有效率97.1%。结论在B超引导下肝囊肿单腔深静脉导管置入无水酒精硬化治疗定位准确,疗效好,操作简便安全,创伤小,并发症少,费用低。     

囊腔内注入无水乙醇治疗卵巢囊肿21例报告

卵巢囊肿是妇产科常见的疾病之一 ,我院自 2 0 0 0年 3月至 2 0 0 1年 3月对 2 1例卵巢囊肿病人采用了囊腔内无水乙醇注入疗法 ,疗效较满意 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 1　研究对象　本组 2 1例病人中 ,年龄 2 6～ 4 3岁 ,平均 39岁 ;病程最长 5年 ,最短 6个月。腹痛、腹胀、月经不规则者11例 ;仅下腹部隐痛 ,无明显月经紊乱者 7例 ;全身无明显异常感觉 ,仅体检时意外发现者 3例 ,均无恶液质表现。妇科检查可触及盆腔包块者 2例 ,不能触及者 19例。B超示 :卵巢囊肿直径至少一侧 >8cm ,囊壁薄 ,边缘光滑规则 ,为含液性囊性肿瘤。尿HCG(- …     

32例卵巢囊肿的CT导引介入治疗分析

探讨CT导引下卵巢囊肿穿刺抽吸、硬化术的诊断的治疗意义。方法对32例囊肿在CT导引下行穿刺抽吸,以囊液生化、涂片做出病理诊断,同时在囊腔内注入无水酒精。随访3～12个月。结果穿刺抽吸术可以明确诊断。经硬化治疗后,患者近期症状缓解率达100％,囊肿明显缩小或消失。结论卵巢囊肿CT导引介入抽吸、硬化治疗是一种安全可行的微创性诊断和治疗手段。     

无水酒精注射治疗肾囊肿远期疗效分析

自199o年3月至1993年2月，在B超引导定位下对25例肾囊肿病人采用经皮穿刺抽液注射无水酒精治疗，近期效果良好，远期复发3例，现报告如下。临床资料一、本组25例均经B超、CT等检查证实，其中男17例，女8例，年龄28～57岁。囊肿位于肾上极2例，中极5例，下极18例。囊肿最小4X3X3cm，最大8．SXSX75cm，囊内积液量15。44Omlo二、治疗方法患者取俯卧位，常规皮肤消毒，用消毒B超穿刺探头进行囊肿定位，局麻后用G。；带芯穿刺针，在荧光屏监视下准确刺入肾囊肿腔内，固定穿刺针，取出针芯，抽净囊液，再接吸出量的1／IO～1／5注入无水酒精…     

B超引导穿刺注药治疗甲状腺囊肿临床观察

目的探讨B超引导穿刺注药治疗甲状腺囊肿的临床效果。方法选择于我院行B超引导无水乙醇注射法治疗甲状腺囊肿病例58例,对照组:抽取囊液并注入无水乙醇,注入无水乙醇的量约为抽出囊液量的1/3,停留约5min后将注入的无水乙醇抽出;每周无水乙醇治疗1次,共行3～8次治疗。治疗组:抽取囊液,先注入2%盐酸利多卡因与0.75%盐酸布比卡因混合液于囊内,;然后抽出混合液并注入无水乙醇,停留约5min后将注入的无水乙醇抽出;每周无水乙醇治疗1次,共行3～8次治疗。结果经过治疗,两种患者治疗效果比较无明显差异,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组的不良症状发生率及合作状况明显少于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05),有统计学意义。所有患者经随访1年,无1例出现病情复发,且未见明显不良反应。结论 B超引导下进行囊肿穿刺注射无水乙醇治疗甲状腺囊肿安全、有效,值得临床推广。     

超声引导下无水乙醇介入治疗肾囊肿的临床观察

目的 探讨超声引导下无水乙醇介入治疗肾囊肿的临床效果.方法 2005年1月～2007年12月肾囊肿患者40例作为对照组,超声显示囊肿局麻下进针,抽吸囊液使囊腔逐渐缩小至消失,应用生理盐水冲洗并抽尽；2008年1月～2010年12月肾囊肿患者50作为观察组,在对照组的抽吸囊液缩小至消失基础上,囊内注入无水乙醇反复冲洗2～3次,非肾盂旁囊肿者保留乙醇,肾孟旁囊肿者不保留无水乙醇.结果 两组均一次穿刺成功,观察组术后发生醉酒样反应8例,局部疼痛7例,血尿3例,密切观察1～6天全部缓解.治疗后3个月观察组总有效率96.00％高于对照组的77.50％ (P＜0.05).结论 超声引导下无水乙醇介入治疗肾囊肿效果明显,简单方便、重复性强,具有独特的价值.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.