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1.
Cressman EK Carlsen AN Chua R Franks IM 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2006,171(2):278-282
Previous research has shown that a startle ‘go’ stimulus, presented at a constant latency with respect to a warning stimulus, is capable of eliciting an intended voluntary movement in a simple reaction time (RT) task at very short latencies without involvement of the cerebral cortex (Carlsen et al. in Exp Brain Res 152:510–518, 2003; J Motor Behav 36:253–264, 2004a; Exp Brain Res 159:301–309 2004b; Valls-Solé et al. in J Physiol 516:931–938, 1999). The purpose of the present experiment was to determine the effect of temporal uncertainty on response latency during an RT task that comprised a startle stimulus. Participants were required to perform an active 20° wrist extension movement in response to an auditory tone that was presented 2,500 to 5,500 ms after a warning stimulus, in 1,000 ms increments. On certain trials the control auditory stimulus (80 dB) was unexpectedly replaced by the startle stimulus (124 dB). When participants were startled the intended voluntary movement was initiated at approximately 70 ms, regardless of foreperiod duration. The magnitude and invariance of response latencies to the startle stimulus suggest that the intended movement had indeed been prepared prior to the arrival of the imperative go stimulus, within 2.5 s of the warning stimulus. Furthermore, there was no evidence that the prepared movement decayed over a period of at least 3 s. 相似文献
2.
Ehresman C Saucier D Heath M Binsted G 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2008,188(3):371-378
This experiment examined whether the impact of pictorial illusions during the execution of goal-directed reaching movements
is attributable to ocular motor signaling. We analyzed eye and hand movements directed toward both the vertex of the Müller–Lyer
(ML) figure in a closed-loop procedure. Participants pointed to the right vertex of a visual stimulus in two conditions: a
control condition wherein the figure (in-ML, neutral, out-ML) presented at response planning remained unchanged throughout
the movement, and an experimental condition wherein a neutral figure presented at response planning was perturbed to an illusory
figure (in-ML, out-ML) at movement onset. Consistent with previous work from our group (Heath et al. in Exp Brain Res 158:378–384,
2004; Heath et al. in J Mot Behav 37:179–185, 2005b), action-bias present in both conditions; thus illusory bias was introduced into during online control. Although primary
saccades were influenced by illusory configurations (control conditions; see Binsted and Elliott in Hum Mov Sci 18:103–117,
1999a), illusory bias developed within the secondary “corrective” saccades during experimental trials (i.e., following a veridical
primary saccade). These results support the position that a unitary spatial representation underlies both action and perception
and this representation is common to both the manual and oculomotor systems. 相似文献
3.
Amy L. Hackney Michael E. Cinelli 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2013,229(1):13-22
Information used to determine the action strategies necessary to successfully pass through apertures is based on the dimensions of the individual and the mover’s action capabilities (Warren in J Exp Psychol 10:683–703, 1984; Warren and Whang in J Exp Psychol 13:371–383, 1987). Previous research has demonstrated that when children must pass through small spaces, they will produce a shoulder rotation at apertures 1.6 times their shoulder width and smaller (i.e., critical point) and their avoidance strategies are based more on dynamic than geometric measures (Snapp-Childs and Bingham in Exp Brain Res 198:527–533, 2009; Wilmut and Barnett in Exp Brain Res 210:185–194, 2011). The question remains as to whether similar strategies exist when children are given a choice in their obstacle avoidance strategy. The current study aimed to determine the action strategies employed by children when confronted with a non-confined obstacle avoidance task. Specifically, the study intended to identify the aperture width that elicited a change in action (e.g., a shoulder rotation or a change in travel path). Children (N = 12, mean age = 7.1 years, ±0.2) were instructed to walk along a 10-m path toward a visible goal located at the end of the pathway and avoid colliding with the two vertical obstacles placed halfway (5 m) down the path on either side of the midline. The space between the obstacles ranged between 0.6 and 1.8 times the participant’s shoulder width (presented in increments of 0.2). Results revealed that when the aperture was too small for straight passage, children choose to circumvent the obstacles rather than rotate their shoulders the majority of the time. However, unlike young and older adults (Hackney and Cinelli in Gait Posture 37:93–97, 2013a, Exp Brain Res 225:419–429, 2013b), this strategy was not used consistently. Instead, changes in travel path were highly variable both across participants and within trials. This variability suggests that a true critical point cannot be established for children in this non-confined task. Variable actions at the time of crossing were significantly correlated with the medial–lateral center of mass variability during the approach to the obstacles. These results further support the idea that children’s actions may be more affected by dynamic factors than geometric measures. 相似文献
4.
Welsh TN Pratt J 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2006,174(1):167-175
Inhibition of return (IOR), the term given for the slowing of a response to a target that appeared at the same location as a previously presented stimulus, has been studied with both target–target (TT; participants respond to each successive event) and cue–target (CT; participants only respond to the second of two events) tasks. Although both tasks have been used to examine the processes and characteristics of IOR, few studies have been conducted to understand if there are any differences in the processes that underlie the IOR that results from ignoring (CT paradigm) or responding to (TT paradigm) the first stimulus. The purpose of the present study was to examine the notion that IOR found in TT tasks represents “true” IOR whereas IOR found in CT tasks consist of both “true” IOR and response inhibition (Coward et al. in Exp Brain Res 155:124–128, 2004). Consistent with the pattern of effects found by Coward et al. (Exp Brain Res 155:124–128, 2004), IOR was larger in the CT task than in the TT task when a single detection response was required (Experiment 1). However, when participants completed one of two spatially-directed responses (rapid aiming movement to the location of the target stimulus), IOR effects from the CT and TT tasks were equal in magnitude (Experiment 2). Rather than CT tasks having an additional response inhibition component, these results suggest that TT tasks may show less of an inhibitory effect because of a facilitatory response repetition effect. 相似文献
5.
Snapp-Childs W Wilson AD Bingham GP 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2011,215(2):89-100
Following many studies showing that the coupling in bimanual coordination can be perceptual, Bingham (Ecol Psychol in 16:45–53,
2001; 2004a, b) proposed a dynamical model of such movements. The model contains three key hypotheses: (1) Being able to produce stable
coordinative movements is a function of the ability to perceive relative phase, (2) the information to perceive relative phase
is relative direction of motion, and (3) the ability to resolve this information is conditioned by relative speed. The first
two hypotheses have been well supported (Wilson and Bingham in Percept Psychophys 70:465–476, 2008; Wilson et al. in J Exp Psychol Hum 36:1508–1514, 2010a), but the third was not supported when tested by de Rugy et al. (Exp Brain Res 184:269–273, 2008) using a visual coordination task that required simultaneous control of both the amplitude and relative phase of movement.
The purposes of the current study were to replicate this task with additional measures and to modify the original model to
apply it to the new task. To do this, we conducted two experiments. First, we tested the ability to produce 180° visual coordination
at different frequencies to determine frequencies suitable for testing in the de Rugy et al. task. Second, we tested the de
Rugy et al. task but included additional measures that yielded results different from those reported by de Rugy et al. These
results were used to elaborate the original model. First, one of the phase-driven oscillators was replaced with a harmonic
oscillator, so the resulting coupling was unidirectional. This change resulted in the model producing less stable 180° coordination
behavior beyond 1.5 Hz consistent with the results obtained in Experiment 1. Next, amplitude control and phase correction
elements were added to the model. With these changes, the model reproduced behaviors observed in Experiment 2. The central
finding was that the stability of rhythmic movement coordination does depend on relative speed and, thus, all three of the
hypotheses contained in the original Bingham model are supported. 相似文献
6.
Karen Van Ooteghem James S. Frank Fran Allard Fay B. Horak 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2010,204(4):505-514
Postural motor learning for dynamic balance tasks has been demonstrated in healthy older adults (Van Ooteghem et al. in Exp
Brain Res 199(2):185–193, 2009). The purpose of this study was to investigate the type of knowledge (general or specific) obtained with balance training
in this age group and to examine whether embedding perturbation regularities within a balance task masks specific learning.
Two groups of older adults maintained balance on a translating platform that oscillated with variable amplitude and constant
frequency. One group was trained using an embedded-sequence (ES) protocol which contained the same 15-s sequence of variable
amplitude oscillations in the middle of each trial. A second group was trained using a looped-sequence (LS) protocol which
contained a 15-s sequence repeated three times to form each trial. All trials were 45 s. Participants were not informed of
any repetition. To examine learning, participants performed a retention test following a 24-h delay. LS participants also
completed a transfer task. Specificity of learning was examined by comparing performance for repeated versus random sequences
(ES) and training versus transfer sequences (LS). Performance was measured by deriving spatial and temporal measures of whole
body center of mass (COM) and trunk orientation. Both groups improved performance with practice as characterized by reduced
COM displacement, improved COM–platform phase relationships, and decreased angular trunk motion. Furthermore, improvements
reflected general rather than specific postural motor learning regardless of training protocol (ES or LS). This finding is
similar to young adults (Van Ooteghem et al. in Exp Brain Res 187(4):603–611, 2008) and indicates that age does not influence the type of learning which occurs for balance control. 相似文献
7.
Bonnie M. Lawrence 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2010,204(1):115-118
Previously, we have shown that the reaction times (RTs) of exogenously generated saccadic eye movements decrease with an increase
in the number of response alternatives (Lawrence et al. in J Vis 8(26):1–7, 2008; Lawrence and Gardella in Exp Brain Res 195(3):413–418, 2009). Because this pattern of RTs is in the direction opposite that predicted by Hick (Q J Exp Psychol 4:11–26, 1952), we termed the effect an “anti-Hick’s” effect. In the present study, we examined whether this effect characterizes saccades
in general, or only those saccades that are exogenously generated. An anti-Hick’s effect was found for exogenous, but not
for endogenous, saccades. These results demonstrate a clear dissociation between exogenously and endogenously generated saccades
and place an important constraint on the anti-Hick’s effect. 相似文献
8.
Alen Hajnal Michael J. Richardson Steven J. Harrison R. C. Schmidt 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2009,199(1):89-93
The current study examined whether the amount and location of available movement information influenced the stability of visuo-motor
coordination. Participants coordinated a hand-held pendulum with an oscillating visual stimulus in an inphase and antiphase
manner. The effects of occluding different amounts of phase at different phase locations were examined. Occluding the 0°/180°
phase locations (end-points) significantly increased the variability of the visuo-motor coordination. The amount of occlusion
had little or no affect on the stability of the coordination. We concluded that the end-points of a visual rhythm are privileged
and provide access to movement information that ensures stable coordination. The results are discussed with respect to the
proposal of Bingham and colleagues (e.g., Bingham GP. Ecol Psychol 16:45–53, 2004a; Wilson AD, Collins DR, Bingham GP. Exp Brain Res 165:351–361, 2005a) that the relevant information for rhythmic visual coordination is relative direction information. 相似文献
9.
Feng Du Richard A. Abrams 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2010,205(1):115-121
We studied endogenous cuing during the attentional blink in order to examine its resistance to dual task interference. In
two experiments, we found a reduced impact of endogenous cuing during the “blink” time of the attentional blink. In a third
experiment endogenous cuing was intact when it was not influenced by demands imposed by an earlier target. Contrary to a recent
report (Zhang et al. in Exp Brain Res, 185, 287–295, 2008), the results indicate that endogenous orienting guided by semantic cues is susceptible to the attentional blink. 相似文献
10.
Ramsay AI Carey DP Jackson SR 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2007,176(1):173-181
When a participant moves a hand-held target in complete darkness after an afterimage of that target has been obtained, an illusory increase (with movements away from the participant) or decrease (with movements towards the participant) in the apparent size of the afterimage is reported (the Taylor illusion, reported first in Taylor, J Exp Psychol 29: 1941). Unlike typical Emmert’s Law demonstrations, the Taylor illusion shows that a motor-related signal can be used to specify distance for the computation of real size. A study by Carey and Allan (Exp Brain Res 110: 1996) found that the Taylor illusion did not occur in a condition where an afterimage of one hand was obtained while the other hand performed a movement away from the participant from directly behind the first. It was proposed that, for the illusion to manifest itself, proprioceptive and visual information must be in strict “register” when the afterimage is obtained. To evaluate this hypothesis, 14 participants performed “towards” and “away” movements after obtaining afterimages of hand-held cards. Participants wore either plain lenses or prism lenses during the trials, the latter of which displaced visual stimuli 10° to the left. No significant difference was found between the two lens conditions in terms of the effect on the perception of the Taylor illusion. It was concluded that the illusory size distortions may depend on register of visual and proprioceptive position in terms of depth, rather than in the picture plane. Several suggestions for future studies of the Taylor illusion are proposed, and limitations of size judgements of afterimages are outlined. 相似文献
11.
Shea CH Boyle J Kovacs AJ 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2012,216(1):113-121
The experiment was designed to replicate and extend to an integrated feedback condition the pattern of movement time results
found by Kelso et al. (J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 5:229–238, 1979a, Science 204:1029–1031, 1979b) where the simultaneous movement of one hand to a low ID target and the other to a higher ID target indicated “a tight coordinate
coupling between the hands” (p. 229). In the present experiment, a control group was provided feedback that depicted the independent
movement of the two limbs under low and higher indexes of difficulty (ID). A Lissajous group was provided integrated feedback
in the form of a Lissajous plot. The results indicated a pattern of results for the control and Lissajous groups similar to
that found by Kelso et al. for one and two-limb movements to the same difficulty targets. The control group also replicated
the finding for two-limb movements to mixed ID tasks. However, the Lissajous group simultaneously produced disparate movement
in the mixed target conditions. The results are consistent with recent findings indicating that when provided salient integrated
feedback participants can effectively produce disparate movements of the two limbs. 相似文献
12.
Pierre-Luc Tremblay Marc-Andre Bedard Dominic Langlois Pierre J. Blanchet Martin Lemay Maxime Parent 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2010,205(3):375-385
Chunking of single movements into integrated sequences has been described during motor learning, and we have recently demonstrated
that this process involves a dopamine-dependant mechanism in animal (Levesque et al. in Exp Brain Res 182:499–508, 2007; Tremblay et al. in Behav Brain Res 198:231–239, 2009). However, there is no such evidence in human. The aim of the present study was to assess this question in Parkinson’s disease
(PD), a neurological condition known for its dopamine depletion in the striatum. Eleven PD patients were tested under their
usual levodopa medication (ON state), and following a 12-h levodopa withdrawal (OFF state). Patients were compared with 12
healthy participants on a motor learning sequencing task, requiring pressing fourteen buttons in the correct order, which
was determined by visual stimuli presented on a computer screen. Learning was assessed from three blocks of 20 trials administered
successively. Chunks of movements were intrinsically created by each participant during this learning period. Then, the sequence
was shuffled according to the participant’s own chunks, generating two new sequences, with either preserved or broken chunks.
Those new motor sequences had to be performed separately in a fourth and fifth blocks of 20 trials. Results showed that execution
time improved in every group during the learning period (from blocks 1 to 3). However, while motor chunking occurred in healthy
controls and ON-PD patients, it did not in OFF-PD patients. In the shuffling conditions, a significant difference was seen
between the preserved and the broken chunks conditions for both healthy participants and ON-PD patients, but not for OFF-PD
patients. These results suggest that movement chunking during motor sequence learning is a dopamine-dependent process in human. 相似文献
13.
Our recent work has revealed that visuospatial working memory (VSWM) relates to the rate of explicit motor sequence learning (Bo and Seidler in J Neurophysiol 101:3116–3125, 2009) and implicit sequence performance (Bo et al. in Exp Brain Res 214:73–81, 2011a) in young adults (YA). Although aging has a detrimental impact on many cognitive functions, including working memory, older adults (OA) still rely on their declining working memory resources in an effort to optimize explicit motor sequence learning. Here, we evaluated whether age-related differences in VSWM and/or verbal working memory (VWM) performance relates to implicit performance change in the serial reaction time (SRT) sequence task in OA. Participants performed two computerized working memory tasks adapted from change detection working memory assessments (Luck and Vogel in Nature 390:279–281, 1997), an implicit SRT task and several neuropsychological tests. We found that, although OA exhibited an overall reduction in both VSWM and VWM, both OA and YA showed similar performance in the implicit SRT task. Interestingly, while VSWM and VWM were significantly correlated with each other in YA, there was no correlation between these two working memory scores in OA. In YA, the rate of SRT performance change (exponential fit to the performance curve) was significantly correlated with both VSWM and VWM, while in contrast, OA’s performance was only correlated with VWM, and not VSWM. These results demonstrate differential reliance on VSWM and VWM for SRT performance between YA and OA. OA may utilize VWM to maintain optimized performance of second-order conditional sequences. 相似文献
14.
We investigated whether the control of movement of the left hand is more likely to involve the use of allocentric information
than movements performed with the right hand. Previous studies (Gonzalez et al. in J Neurophys 95:3496–3501, 2006; De Grave et al. in Exp Br Res 193:421–427, 2009) have reported contradictory findings in this respect. In the present study, right-handed participants (N = 12) and left-handed participants (N = 12) made right- and left-handed grasps to foveated objects and peripheral, non-foveated objects that were located in the
right or left visual hemifield and embedded within a Müller-Lyer illusion. They were also asked to judge the size of the object
by matching their hand aperture to its length. Hand apertures did not show significant differences in illusory bias as a function
of hand used, handedness or visual hemifield. However, the illusory effect was significantly larger for perception than for
action, and for the non-foveated compared to foveated objects. No significant illusory biases were found for reach movement
times. These findings are consistent with the two-visual system model that holds that the use of allocentric information is
more prominent in perception than in movement control. We propose that the increased involvement of allocentric information
in movements toward peripheral, non-foveated objects may be a consequence of more awkward, less automatized grasps of nonfoveated
than foveated objects. The current study does not support the conjecture that the control of left-handed and right-handed
grasps is predicated on different sources of information. 相似文献
15.
Bourrelly A Bringoux L Vercher JL 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2009,198(1):19-28
We investigated the influence of gaze elevation on judging the possibility of passing under high obstacles during pitch body
tilts, while stationary, in absence of allocentric cues. Specifically, we aimed at studying the influence of egocentric references
upon geocentric judgements. Seated subjects, orientated at various body orientations, were asked to perceptually estimate
the possibility of passing under a projected horizontal line while keeping their gaze on a fixation target and imagining a
horizontal body displacement. The results showed a global overestimation of the possibility of passing under the line, and
confirmed the influence of body orientation reported by Bringoux et al. (Exp Brain Res 185(4):673–680, 2008). More strikingly, a linear influence of gaze elevation was found on perceptual estimates. Precisely, downward eye elevation
yielded increased overestimations, and conversely upward gaze elevation yielded decreased overestimations. Furthermore, body
and gaze orientation effects were independent and combined additively to yield a global egocentric influence with a weight
of 45 and 54%, respectively. Overall, our data suggest that multiple egocentric references can jointly affect the estimated
possibility of passing under high obstacles. These results are discussed in terms of “interpenetrability” between geocentric
and egocentric reference frames and clearly demonstrate that gaze elevation is involved, as body orientation, in geocentric
spatial localization. 相似文献
16.
Elaine J. Anderson S. K. Mannan G. Rees P. Sumner C. Kennard 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2010,200(1):91-107
Recent behavioural findings using dual-task paradigms demonstrate the importance of both spatial and non-spatial working memory
processes in inefficient visual search (Anderson et al. in Exp Psychol 55:301–312, 2008). Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we sought to determine whether brain areas recruited during visual
search are also involved in working memory. Using visually matched spatial and non-spatial working memory tasks, we confirmed
previous behavioural findings that show significant dual-task interference effects occur when inefficient visual search is
performed concurrently with either working memory task. Furthermore, we find considerable overlap in the cortical network
activated by inefficient search and both working memory tasks. Our findings suggest that the interference effects observed
behaviourally may have arisen from competition for cortical processes subserved by these overlapping regions. Drawing on previous
findings (Anderson et al. in Exp Brain Res 180:289–302, 2007), we propose that the most likely anatomical locus for these interference effects is the inferior and middle frontal cortex
of the right hemisphere. These areas are associated with attentional selection from memory as well as manipulation of information
in memory, and we propose that the visual search and working memory tasks used here compete for common processing resources
underlying these mechanisms. 相似文献
17.
Lucy M. McGarry Frank A. Russo Matt D. Schalles Jaime A. Pineda 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2012,218(4):527-538
Previous studies demonstrate that perception of action presented audio-visually facilitates greater mirror neuron system (MNS)
activity in humans (Kaplan and Iacoboni in Cogn Process 8(2):103–113, 2007) and non-human primates (Keysers et al. in Exp Brain Res 153(4):628–636, 2003) than perception of action presented unimodally. In the current study, we examined whether audio-visual facilitation of the
MNS can be indexed using electroencephalography (EEG) measurement of the mu rhythm. The mu rhythm is an EEG oscillation with
peaks at 10 and 20 Hz that is suppressed during the execution and perception of action and is speculated to reflect activity
in the premotor and inferior parietal cortices as a result of MNS activation (Pineda in Behav Brain Funct 4(1):47, 2008). Participants observed experimental stimuli unimodally (visual-alone or audio-alone) or bimodally during randomized presentations
of two hands ripping a sheet of paper, and a control video depicting a box moving up and down. Audio-visual perception of
action stimuli led to greater event-related desynchrony (ERD) of the 8–13 Hz mu rhythm compared to unimodal perception of
the same stimuli over the C3 electrode, as well as in a left central cluster when data were examined in source space. These
results are consistent with Kaplan and Iacoboni’s (in Cogn Process 8(2):103–113, 2007), findings that indicate audio-visual facilitation of the MNS; our left central cluster was localized approximately 13.89 mm
away from the ventral premotor cluster identified in their fMRI study, suggesting that these clusters originate from similar
sources. Consistency of results in electrode space and component space support the use of ICA as a valid source localization
tool. 相似文献
18.
Gilster R Kuhtz-Buschbeck JP Wiesner CD Ferstl R 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2006,171(3):416-420
The assumption that the Ebbinghaus/Titchener illusion deceives perception but not grasping, which would confirm the two-visual-systems hypothesis (TVSH) as proposed by Milner and Goodale (The visual brain in action, 1995), has recently been challenged. Franz et al. (Exp Brain Res 149:470–477, 2003) found that the illusion affects both perception and grasping, and showed that the effect of the illusion on the peak grip aperture (PGA) cannot be accounted for by different sizes of the gap that separates the central target disk from the surrounding flankers. However, it is not yet clear if the presence of flankers per se influences grasping. We therefore compared kinematic parameters of prehension, using the Ebbinghaus illusion, and a neutral control condition where normal subjects grasped a disk without any flankers. In accordance with the well-known effects of the illusion on perceived size, the PGA was smaller when the target disk was surrounded by large flankers, and larger when it was encircled by small flankers. However, the largest PGA values were reached in the neutral control condition. Hence the presence of flankers leads to a general reduction of the PGA, possibly because the flankers are regarded as obstacles. This ‘reduction effect’ casts doubts on how appropriate it is to directly compare perceptual measures and PGA values when using the Ebbinghaus illusion. Even smaller effects of the illusion on the PGA compared to larger perceptual effects cannot be unequivocally interpreted. 相似文献
19.
Kristina A. Neely Matthew Heath 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2010,201(3):593-598
In the visuomotor mental rotation (VMR) paradigm, participants execute a center-out reaching movement to a location that deviates
from a visual cue by a predetermined instruction angle. Previous work has demonstrated a linear increase in reaction time
(RT) as a function of the amplitude of the instruction angle (Georgopoulos and Massey in Exp Brain Res 65:361–370, 1987). In contrast, we recently reported a RT advantage for an instruction angle of 180° relative to a 90° angle (Neely and Heath
in Neurosci Lett 463:194–198, 2009). It is possible, however, that perceptual expertise with the cardinal axes, which are perceptually familiar reference frames,
influenced the results of our previous investigation. To address this issue, we employed a VMR paradigm identical to that
of our previous work, with the exception that the stimulus array was shifted 45° from the horizontal and vertical meridians.
Our results demonstrated that RTs were fastest and least variable when the instruction angle was 0°, followed by 180°, which
in turn, was faster than 90°. Such findings establish that the RT advantage for the 180° instruction angle is not influenced
by perceptual expertise with the cardinal axes. Moreover, the present results provide convergent evidence that RT is not determined
by the angle of rotation; instead, they indicate that response latencies reflect computational differences in the complexity
of response remapping. 相似文献
20.
Young SJ Pratt J Chau T 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2009,192(1):121-132
Research has suggested that prospective motor decisions are consistent with actual motor action. In a study that we recently
published (Young et al. in Exp Brain Res 185:681–688, 2008), however, participants demonstrated a preference for closer targets that was inconsistent with the predictions of Fitts’s
law. With a pair of experiments, the present paper investigates the underlying basis of this non-optimal behaviour. Participants
showed a similar deviation from Fitts’s law when imagining movements—believing that movement duration increased with distance
within the same index of difficulty. Participants did not behave similarly, however, in a perceptual version of the decision
task. These results suggest that imagined movements and motor decisions are linked, as well as demonstrating one situation
in which both show a similar deviation from the patterns of actual movement duration.
相似文献
Scott J. YoungEmail: |