胃原发性恶性淋巴瘤的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的:探讨原发性恶性胃淋巴瘤的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)表现特点,提高其诊断水平。材料和方法:回顾性分析14例经病理证实的胃原发性恶性淋巴瘤的MSCT表现,包括病变部位、胃壁及黏膜改变。结果:肿瘤呈弥漫浸润型6例,节段溃疡型4例和肿块型4例。CT示平扫肿瘤密度均匀10例,不均匀4例,CT增强扫描示病灶呈轻、中度均质增强10例,溃疡形成后增强不均匀4例。结论:MSCT扫描能显示对原发性胃淋巴瘤的特点并对其诊断具有重要价值。     

多层螺旋CT及CTA诊断小肠间质瘤的价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT及其血管造影三维重建(3D-CTA)对小肠间质瘤的诊断价值。材料和方法：回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的11例小肠间质瘤的多层螺旋CT平扫和双期增强扫描及3D-CTA表现。结果：11例中,恶性8例、交界性2例和良性1例；肿瘤起源于空肠3例、回肠7例和十二指肠1例。CT平扫示良性间质瘤密度较均匀,恶性者密度不均,增强扫描动脉期示肿瘤均呈明显增强,良性者较均匀,恶性者不均匀,静脉期示肿瘤仍有明显增强；3D-CTA可清晰显示肿瘤供血血管。结论：小肠间质瘤的多层螺旋CT表现有一定的特征性,3D-CTA能清晰显示肿瘤供血血管,并有利于肿瘤定位。     

多层螺旋CT诊断胃肠道间质瘤23例分析

胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）是一种独立起源于胃肠道原始间叶组织的非定向分化肿瘤,属于消化道间叶性肿瘤[1]。临床较少见,仅占全部胃肠道肿瘤的0.1%~0.3%[2]。为了对本病的诊断和鉴别诊断提供参考依据,我们选择2006年1月—2014年4月在我院经手术及病理检查证实的胃肠道间质瘤23例,对其多层螺旋CT（MSCT）表现进行了回顾性分析。现报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般情况本组23例中,男14例,女9例;     

胃肠道间质瘤的多层螺旋CT诊断价值分析

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤的MSCT表现及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经免疫组化证实的16例胃肠道间质瘤MSCT资料，4例术后随访7～36月。结果本组肿瘤源于胃10例，小肠5例，肠系膜1例。肿瘤平均最大径9．94cm±7．75cm，其中良性5例，直径不超过5cm，形态规则，强化轻而均匀。交界性5例，其MSCT不具特征。恶性6例，多呈分叶及多囊实性改变，不均匀显著强化，动脉期见结节或条带状显著强化，侵犯周边及远处转移。MSCT定位、定性准确性分别为87．5％（14／16）、68．8％（11／16），对恶性的阳性预测值为85．7％（6／7）。6例动态增强5min延时期肿瘤均见中度强化，5例分化不同的胃间质瘤三期动态强化曲线有差别。4例随访发现3例有术后转移。结论MSCT多平面重建及动态增强更能显示胃肠道间质瘤的特征表现，对其定位、定性诊断及术后随访具有重要价值。     

胃癌多层螺旋CT检查技术与临床应用

目的：探讨胃癌多层螺旋CT（MSCT）检查技术及其应用价值。方法：对104例行胃癌多层螺旋CT检查的图像进行分析。结果：104例胃癌中早期胃癌1例。进展期胃癌103例。102患者图像达到影像诊断目的，满意率为98％。结论：胃癌多层螺旋CT检查前充分的准备工作配合特殊的扫描技术是检查成败的关键。     

多层螺旋CT胃癌术前TNM分期

目的 评价多层螺旋CT（MSCT）三期动态增强扫描在胃癌术前TNM分期中的作用，资料与方法 32例胃癌患者均在术前6天内行MSCT扫描，检查前20min饮水1000-1200ml，扫描前10min肌注盐酸山莨菪碱20mg。平扫后行三期动态增强扫描，动脉期开始于注射对比剂后30s,60s后为实质期，2min后为平衡期。32例中16例在同期行腔内超声检查，术前CT检查结果由2名资深放射科医师双盲法进行评定TNM分期，评定时根据需要行MPR重建；腔内超声检查由1位内科和1位外科医师分别完成；MSCT及超声分期结果均与手术后病理结果进行比较。结果 对于T分期，MSCT分期T1-T2者敏感性为75%，准确性为68%，T3-T4者敏感性为98%，准确性为88%；特异性淋巴结N分期N1检出敏感性为60%，准确性为50%，N2-N3敏感性为82%，准确性为78%；远处转移本研究中出现较少，敏感性为75%，准确性为75%；综合评价TNM分期提示准确性为75%，腔内超声检查T分期敏感性为95%，准确性为90%；N分期敏感性为30%，准确性为21%；远处转移几乎无法显示，综合TNM分期准确性仅50%。结论 三期动态增强MSCT薄层扫描可在很大程度上提高微小病变的检出率，可较准确地显示正常胃壁结构及胃癌侵犯胃壁的深度，同时可反映淋巴结转移情况及远处脏器的转移和播散，作出准确的TNM分期。MSCT和超声内镜检查两者相结合可有效地为临床手术方案的选择提供指导。     

多层螺旋CT的进展

多层螺旋CT(multi-sliceCT,MSCT)继1999年的4层采集、2000年的8层采集设备问世之后,2001年GE、Philips、Siemense和Toshiba 4家公司均推出了16层采集的螺旋CT.CT的进一步发展提出并体现了"CT绿色革命"的概念,即在所有的技术改良中,要突出实现更低的X线剂量、更快的采集与重组速度、更便捷和多样的重组处理、更短的病人等候时间及更好的病人舒适度.     

多层螺旋CT对卵巢恶性肿瘤的术前分期

目的: 评价多层螺旋CT对卵巢恶性肿瘤术前分期的价值.材料和方法: 用Toshiba Aquilion 多层螺旋CT扫描仪对47例卵巢恶性肿瘤患者行术前分期,并与手术病理结果对照分析.结果: 多层螺旋CT对于卵巢恶性肿瘤分期总准确率为85.1%.Ⅰ期准确率为69.2%,Ⅱ期为66.7%,Ⅲ期为89.3%.结论: 多层螺旋CT是卵巢恶性肿瘤术前分期较可靠和准确的影像检查方法.     

多层螺旋CT在胃肿瘤诊断中的应用研究

目的 评价多层螺旋CT（MSCT）及其三维后处理技术在胃肿瘤诊断中的应用价值及影响因素。资料与方法 对23例经上胃肠道钡餐造影（GI）和胃镜检查诊断为胃肿瘤的患者行多层螺旋CT容积扫描，分别以多平面重建技术（MPR），3DCT技术（包括SSD和Ray Sum)和CT仿真胃镜技术（CTVG）进行后处理，分别评价所有重建影像显示胃肿瘤的能力以及影响因素，同时与上胃肠道造影及胃镜所见比较。结果 3DCT和CTVG诊断23例胃肿瘤的敏感性和准确性分别为95.5%和85.7%。以秩和检验比较，三维重建影像对胃肿瘤的整体显示效果接近GI和胃镜，但CTVG结合MPR影像对于评价粘膜下肿瘤的准确性则明显优于GI和胃镜。结论 综合运用MSCT及其多种后处理技术，在对胃肿瘤的检出，定位，分期等方面可发挥较大作用，是一种新的且具潜力的胃肿瘤检查方法，可作为传统检查方法的有益补充，在技术方面尚待进一步发展和完善。     

胃间质瘤钡餐造影检查和CT的对照分析研究

目的:比较消化道钡餐造影、常规CT及MSCT对胃间质瘤(GSTs)的诊断价值。材料和方法:15例经病理证实的GSTs均行钡餐造影,10例行常规CT检查,5例行MSCT检查,对其影像学表现进行对照分析研究。结果:病灶位于胃体部8例,胃底部5例,胃窦角切迹处2例。影像学检查的15例GSTs中,良性8例,直径均<5cm,边界清,密度均匀,增强后均匀强化。恶性或潜在恶性7例,直径均>5cm,肿块内均见不规则的坏死区,5例肿块与周围组织粘连,2例伴远处转移。5例MSCT检查中4例动脉期扫描时可见到肿块边缘及实质内散在点状、条状强化血管影,门脉期肿块实质成分持续强化。多平面重建(MPR)结合MSCTA能清楚显示肿瘤的部位和供血动脉。钡餐检查中腔内型和腔内外型11例,表现为局部黏膜皱襞隆起,腔内见圆形或类圆形充盈缺损,与正常胃壁分界清楚。7例肿块黏膜面见小龛影。4例腔外型中仅1例显示胃腔受压变形,余3例未见异常。结论:钡餐造影作为GSTs的首选方法,对腔内型和腔内外型肿块的诊断有价值,而对腔外型的诊断有限。CT特别是MSCT多期动态扫描结合多平面重建(MPR)和血管成像(MSCTA)对GSTs的准确定位及病灶的定性均有重要价值。     

胃淋巴瘤的CT诊断

目的：探讨胃淋巴瘤的ＣＴ表现及其诊断价值。材料和方法：回顾性分析１１例经手术或活检病理证实的胃非何杰金淋巴瘤的临床和ＣＴ检查资料。结果：１１例胃淋巴瘤中原发性６例、继发性３例,初诊时即属ＩＶ期者２例,病变的ＣＴ表现可分为三种类型：胃壁弥漫增厚型８例（７２．７％）,节段增厚型２例（１８．２％）,肿块型１例（９．１％）;平均厚度约３．１ｃｍ（１．６ｃｍ－６．０ｃｍ）。病灶边界清晰光整,增强后病灶呈轻度强化,病灶内表面胃粘膜呈明显线样强化,均无周围浸润。结论：胃淋巴瘤的ＣＴ表现有一定的特征,有助于诊断。     

Small Submucosal Tumors of the Stomach: Differentiation of Gastric Schwannoma from Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor with CT

Objective

To identify the CT features that help differentiate gastric schwannomas (GS) from small (5 cm or smaller) gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and to assess the growth rates of both tumors.

Materials and Methods

We included 16 small GSs and 56 GISTs located in the stomach. We evaluated the CT features including size, contour, surface pattern, margins, growth pattern, pattern and degree of contrast enhancement, and the presence of intralesional low attenuation area, hemorrhage, calcification, surface dimpling, fistula, perilesional lymph nodes (LNs), invasion to other organs, metastasis, ascites, and peritoneal seeding. We also estimated the tumor volume doubling time.

Results

Compared with GISTs, GSs more frequently demonstrated a homogeneous enhancement pattern, exophytic or mixed growth pattern, and the presence of perilesional LNs (each p < 0.05). The intralesional low attenuation area was more common in GISTs than GSs (p < 0.05). Multivariate analyses indicated that a homogeneous enhancement pattern, exophytic or mixed growth pattern, and the presence of perilesional LNs were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Tumor volume doubling times for GSs (mean, 1685.4 days) were significantly longer than that of GISTs (mean, 377.6 days) (p = 0.004).

Conclusion

Although small GSs and GISTs show similar imaging findings, GSs more frequently show an exophytic or mixed growth pattern, homogeneous enhancement pattern, perilesional LNs and grow slower than GISTs.     

胃间质瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的:探讨胃间质瘤的CT和MRI的表现,以提高诊断正确率。材料和方法:回顾性分析13例经病理学及免疫组化证实的胃间质细胞瘤患者的临床资料和CT、MRI表现。13例均行CT平扫和增强扫描,其中4例行MRI平扫和增强扫描。结果:肿瘤均为单发,腔内型3例,腔外型6例,哑铃型4例,圆形或类圆形9例,分叶形4例,直径3.0~10.4cm,平均7.5cm。CT平扫示肿瘤呈均匀等密度3例,肿块周边呈等密度,中间呈略低密度或低密度9例,呈高、低、等混杂密度1例。增强扫描示3例呈中度明显增强,10例中度不均匀增强,以静脉期明显。MRI平扫示1例肿块信号均匀,3例肿块信号不均匀,增强扫描肿块信号均匀或不均匀增强。病理检查10例恶性,3例良性。结论:胃间质瘤CT、MRI具有一定的特征性表现,对诊断有一定的价值,但不能定性,确诊需要依靠电镜检查和免疫组化。     

螺旋CT扫描对胃癌淋巴结转移的术前评估

目的:评估螺旋CT扫描对显示胃癌淋巴结转移的应用价值.材料和方法:76例经上消化道造影或胃镜诊断的胃癌患者,术前行水充盈法螺旋CT三期扫描;CT所见与手术病理结果对照.结果:螺旋CT扫描对胃癌淋巴结转移显示的敏感性为70%,特异性达79.2%;淋巴结的大小、形态及强化特征有助于阳性淋巴结的诊断.结论:螺旋CT扫描术前评估胃癌淋巴结转移有较大的临床应用价值.     

胃间质瘤的CT诊断

目的 分析胃间质瘤(GST)的CT表现特征,探讨CT对其诊断价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的10例GST患者的CT资料,并将大体病理所见与CT表现相对照.结果 10例中黏膜下型2例,肌壁间型7例,浆膜下型1例;肿瘤主体位于胃内4例,位于胃外6例;胃大弯侧6例,胃小弯侧4例.10例中恶性6例,良性3例,不能定性者1例.CT表现为外生性或内生性肿块,肿块最大径约3.1～17.3 cm,＜5 cm者3例,≥5cm者7例.肿块密度不均匀,呈囊实性,实性部分轻至中度强化,瘤内点状钙化灶2例,6例高度恶性肿物表现边缘强化,中心大片低密度.结论 GST的CT表现具有一定特点,CT检查有助于GST的定位,以及观察肿瘤与周围组织结构关系.     

螺旋CT三期扫描对进展期胃癌胃壁浸润的研究

目的 探讨进展期胃癌螺旋CT三期扫描的影像学表现及其对胃壁浸润深度的评估价值。材料与方法 31例病理证实的进展期胃癌,分别于注射对比剂后25－30s(动脉期）、70－80s(非平衡期）及180－120s(平衡期）行螺旋CT扫描,其后行多平面重建。结果 进展期胃癌检出率100％。80．6％（25／31）的病灶与胃壁分界截然,19．4％（6／31）的病灶与周围胃壁呈移行状态。病灶强化情况在不同时相有所不同。动脉期：11例肿瘤突向胃腔内的表面部分呈线样强化,其余部分未见明显强化,病灶分为2层;16例肿瘤呈不规则团块状强化;4例病灶轻度均匀强化。67．74％（21／31）的病例此期显示最清楚。非平衡期：20例病灶呈不均匀强化;6例病灶分层,内层强化最明显,中间出现一条不甚连续的低密度带,外层呈团块状强化;5例病灶均匀强化。12．90％（4／31）的病例此期显示最清楚。平衡期：27例病灶均匀强化,但强化程度较非平衡期时降低;4例病灶强化程度下降,但仍分层。6．45％（2／31）的病例此期显示最清楚。12．90％（4／31）的病例在上述三期中均很清楚。19例手术者,T分期准确率达78．94％（15／19）,其中T2与T3之间鉴别的准确性为81．25％（13／16）。经多平面重建,3例避免了T分期错误。结论 进展期胃癌螺旋CT三期扫描,动脉期对于病灶的显示及其横向蔓延范围的估计有临床实用价值;平衡期对评估胃癌浸润深度的准确性高。多平面重建对于深入观察病变与周围组织的关系有帮助。     

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: CT and MRI findings

The objective of this study was to report the CT and MRI appearances of primary and metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The clinical and imaging findings of 31 patients with histological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of GIST were reviewed. The CT and MRI findings were assessed independently for size, location, enhancement characteristics, and pattern of metastatic disease. The tumors were of enteric (n=13), gastric (n=12), duodenal (n=2), and rectal (n=3) origin. In one case the primary site was the mesentery, without involvement of bowel. Primary tumors were typically exophytic (79%), larger than 5 cm (84%), and inhomogeneously enhancing (84%). Central necrosis of all tumors (37%) and aneurysmal dilation of enteric tumors (33%) were less common. Metastases were most commonly to mesentery (26%) or liver (32%). Less common findings were ascites (7%) and omental caking (3%). Liver metastases were hypervascular in 92% of patients and rapidly became cystic following therapy with imatinib mesylate (Gleevec; Novartis, East Hanover, NJ, USA). Lung metastases, bowel obstruction, vascular invasion, and significant lymphadenopathy were not seen in any patient. GISTs have some specific CT findings which could help differentiate them from other gastrointestinal tumors. Liver metastases became cystic following therapy, mimicking simple cysts. MRI was better than single-phase CT for assessing liver metastases, while CT was more sensitive for mesenteric metastases.     

Nodal status of malignant lymphoma in pelvic and retroperitoneal lymphatic pathways: comparison of integrated PET/CT with or without contrast enhancement

AIM: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of integrated contrast-enhanced positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT), as compared with non-contrasted PET/CT, in evaluating nodal status of malignant lymphoma in pelvic and retroperitoneal lymphatic pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-six patients (33 men and 33 women) with malignant lymphoma underwent staging with integrated CT and fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)FDG) PET. Tumor types were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n=26, 39%), follicular lymphoma (n=20, 30%), Hodgkin disease (n=16, 24%), and marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (n=4, 6%). Both non-contrasted PET/CT and contrast-enhanced PET/CT images were examined separately by two different qualified physicians for each imaging modality, and nodal status of pelvic and retroperitoneal lymphatic pathways was evaluated. Reference standard included follow-up with clinical, laboratory, and conventional CT findings. We compared diagnostic accuracy retrospectively on basis of per-patient and per-lesion analyses between two modalities using McNemar test, respectively. RESULTS: Nodal status of pelvic and retroperitoneal lymphatic pathways was more accurately determined on contrast-enhanced PET/CT (n=52, 79%) compared with non-contrasted PET/CT (n=47, 71%). Difference in the accuracy of nodal staging between non-contrasted PET/CT and contrast-enhanced PET/CT was significant (p=0.048). On basis of per-lesion analysis, contrast-enhanced PET/CT determined more accurately the status of external iliac lymph node (p=0.002), internal iliac lymph node (p<0.0001), and common iliac lymph node (p=0.002) compared with non-contrasted PET/CT. Diagnostic accuracies of paraaortic lymph node, aortocaval lymph node, and paracaval lymph node were similar by either non-contrasted PET/CT or contrast-enhanced PET/CT. CONCLUSION: Integrated contrast-enhanced PET/CT improves the diagnostic accuracy in evaluating nodal status of pelvic and retroperitoneal lymphatic pathways in patients with malignant lymphoma.