Low Anterior Interhemispheric Approach – A Narrow Corridor to Aneurysms of the Anterior Communicating Artery

Summary. Summary. Background: Many approaches for clipping anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms are reported in the literature. We describe here a new approach called “low anterior interhemispheric approach” for clipping of ACoA aneurysms. Materials and Methods: A low anterior interhemispheric approach utilizing a unilateral frontal craniotomy flap with minimal unilateral frontal lobe retraction was used in treating four patients harboring an unruptured ACoA aneurysm. The approach axis is directed to the ACoA area itself with minimal exposure to the anterior cerebral vessels. Findings: In all patients, complete neck clipping was possible with minimal brain retraction, without vascular damage and preserved olfaction. Interpretation: This approach is preferred on anatomical grounds for cases of unruptured small and medium sized ACoA aneurysms projecting anteriorly or posteriorly because the anterior communicating artery complex area can be fully visualized with minimal manipulation of the frontal lobes and anterior cerebral arteries.     

The anterior approach: Better,faster, and cheaper

Total hip arthroplasty is among the most common procedures performed by orthopaedic surgeons and there are many different surgical approaches that can be used. The direct anterior approach offers numerous benefits when compared to other surgical approaches. Some of these include an inter-muscular plane that avoids violating the abductors, minimal soft-tissue disruption, easy use of fluoroscopy with resultant improved component positioning, earlier functional recovery, and potential cost savings. While the procedure does have a learning curve and takes time to master, it is a safe approach for total hip arthroplasty that yields excellent clinical outcomes.     

The use of a retractor system (SynFrame) for open, minimal invasive reconstruction of the anterior column of the thoracic and lumbar spine

In 65 consecutive cases of trauma (n=55), pseudo-arthrosis (n=4) and metastasis (n=6), anterior reconstruction of the thoracic and lumbar spine was performed using a new minimal invasive but open access procedure. No operation had to be changed into an open procedure. The thoracolumbar junction was approached by a left-sided mini-thoracotomy (n=50), the thoracic spine by a right-sided mini-thoracotomy (n=8) and the lumbar spine by a left sided mini-retroperitoneal approach (n=7), using a new table-mounted retractor system called SynFrame (Stratec Medical, Switzerland). The anterior column was reconstructed using a variety of materials: autologous tricortical crest (n=11), autologous spongiosa (n=12), allografts (n=4) and cages (n=38). The mean overall operating time was 170 min (range 90-295 min); the time of surgery varied, depending on the spine pathology and the magnitude of the intervention in the anterior part of the spine. Mean overall blood loss was 912 ml, and only 7 out of the 65 patients needed blood transfusions. There were neither intra- nor postoperative complications related to the minimal access in particular, nor visceral/vascular complications. No intercostal neuralgia, no post-thoracotomy pain syndromes, no superficial or deep wound infections and no deep venous thromboses occurred. Four cases of pseudo-obstruction were treated conservatively. In this study, we describe the new minimal access technology to the anterior part of the thoracal and lumbar spine on the basis of 65 cases completed within 1 year. This open, but minimal invasive, access technology offers, in our view, additional advantages to the "pure" endoscopic procedures of spinal surgery.     

Mini-open anterior instrumentation with diaphragm sparing for thoracolumbar idiopathic scoliosis: its technique and clinical results

The traditional method of thoracoabdominal retroperitoneal approach requires dissection of diaphragm which bears potential complications such as postoperatively weakened abdominal breathing and dysfunction of diaphragm. Mini-open anterior instrumentation with diaphragm sparing is designed to minimize the damage to diaphragm and improve cosmesis. This study compared the traditional anterior instrumentation and mini-open anterior instrumentation under the hypothesis that both results in similar surgical outcomes in treating thoracolumbar scoliosis. In Group A, 38 patients with an average age of 16.5 years underwent mini-open anterior instrumentation with diaphragm sparing. The average standing coronal Cobb angle was 56.4° in Group A. Thirty-eight patients with average age of 16.7 years in Group B received traditional open approach. The preoperative average Cobb angle was 55.8° in Group B. The average correction rate of coronal curve was 78% in group A while 75% in group B. No statistical difference between the two groups in terms of coronal curve correction, sagittal profile restoration and estimated blood loss was observed. The operation time was significantly higher in Group A than that in Group B. All patients in the two groups had good healing of incisions without neurological and instrumental complications during minimal 2 year follow-up. In Groups A and B, two patients suffered from pleural effusion, respectively. The wedging of the vertebral discs distal to the lowest fused level occurred in three and four patients in Group A and B, respectively. One case in group B was found to be suspicious pseudoarthrosis without loss of correction. Mini-open anterior instrumentation with diaphragm sparing could minimize the surgical invasion as well as achieve similar clinical outcomes compared with classical anterior approach.     

髋臼前柱骨折与前壁骨折的诊断和治疗

目的：探讨髋臼前柱骨折与前壁骨折的诊断和治疗方法。方法：自1994年5月-2003年12月共收治髋臼前柱骨折和前壁骨折(A3型)31例，其中A3—1型5例，A3—2型9例，A3—3型17例。其中13例采用非手术治疗，18采用手术治疗。手术入路：髂腹股沟入路13例，髂股入路5例。结果：随访1～4年，平均2年。结果手术治疗组关节功能表现优良者17例，可1例。非手术治疗组关节功能表现优良者10例，可2例，差1例。结论：骨折块较大、移位比较严重且伴有髋关节前脱位的髋臼前壁骨折需要手术治疗。高位型前柱骨折多数需要行手术治疗。低位型前柱骨折多数行非手术治疗，少数移化非常严重的骨折需要行手术治疗。     

严重胸腰椎骨折前路或前后路联合手术的临床应用研究

目的 探讨严重胸腰椎骨折采用前路或前后路联合手术的优缺点,为术式选择提供依据.方法 对2002年3月～2004年3月随访时间>3年,资料完整的59例严重胸腰椎骨折单纯前路手术、42例前后路联合手术的治疗结果进行回顾性分析.结果 处理1个椎体,前路手术平均出血量997 ml,手术时间216 min,前后路联合手术平均出血877 ml,手术时间170 min;治疗结果评价:单纯前路手术优良率89%;前后联合入路手术优良率92%.术后满意度调查:单纯前路手术为93.6%;前后联合入路手术为92.9%.结论 前路及前后路联合手术治疗严重胸腰椎骨折各有优缺点及其适应证.根据不同病人情况及骨折损伤类型合理选择术式能取得满意手术效果.     

绕肝提拉法前入路肝切除术(附6例临床报告)

目的　绕肝提拉法 (liverhangingmaneuver)进一步提高前入路肝切除术 (anteriorapproach)的安全性。方法　钝性分离肝后下腔静脉前间隙而形成肝后隧道。通过该隧道安放绕肝带 ,前入路肝切除时拉紧绕肝带 ,配合自行设计的止血板 ,完成 6例复杂肝切除术。结果　 6例成功安放绕肝带 ,未发生与该操作有关的并发症 ,前入路肝切除时肝正中裂界面内管道显露清楚 ,绕肝带具有指示作用。结论　复杂肝切除时使用绕肝带和止血板 ,有助于提高前入路肝切除的安全性。保证断肝能在最短的界面上进行。     

Anterior approach for major right hepatic resection

We review the history, indications, and latest modifications of the surgical technique of the anterior approach for right hepatectomy for massive tumors. The anterior approach provides a “no-touch” technique in resecting large right-lobe tumors, reduces bleeding volume, decreases the chance of iatrogenic rupture of tumors, and probably prolongs survival.     

前侧入路结合MIPPO技术锁定钢板内固定治疗C型肱骨骨折临床分析

目的探讨应用前侧入路结合微创经皮钢板固定（MIPPO）技术锁定钢板内固定治疗C型肱骨骨折的临床疗效。方法对自2010加7—2013-01应用前侧入路结合MIPPO技术锁定钢板内固定治疗C型肱骨骨折12例,术后观察桡神经功能、骨折愈合时间、肩肘关节功能。结果12例获得随访,随访时间6～18个月,术后元医源性桡神经损伤,平均骨折愈合时间16周,肩肘关节活动良好。肩关节HSS评分87．2分。肘关节Mayo评分：优11例,良1例。结论应用前侧人路结合MIPPO技术锁定钢板内固定治疗C型肱骨骨折是一种安全有效的方法。     

前入路途径切除右肝大肝癌安全性和疗效研究

目的探讨前入路途径肝切除术治疗右肝大肝癌的安全性和疗效。方法回顾性分析2006-01—2010-06间28例右肝大肝癌应用前入路途径右半肝切除术患者的临床资料。结果所有患者均安全完成手术。平均术中失血量820 mL,术中平均输血量660 mL,平均手术时间289 min,术后未出现严重并发症,无住院期间死亡病例。随访资料显示术后1、3年无瘤生存率分别57.1%,32.1%。结论前入路途径切除右肝大肝癌是一种安全的、疗效较好,应该优先选择的手术方式。     

Management of Prominent Ears: Personal Approach

Various methods for correcting prominent ears have been reported. Although anterior cartilage antihelix abrasion combined with posterior retention sutures is a conventional procedure, it does not include anterior conchal cartilage abrasion and thus allows easier reduction of the condromastoid angle. A simple and effective technique is described that involves using a rasp to score the whole anterior surface of the auricular cartilage, including the concha, in combination with Mustarde-type conchal-antihelical and conchal-mastoid retention sutures. This method was applied to 342 patients (675 ears) over 23 years, who were followed up for periods varying from 18 to 24 months. Good results were obtained for all patients with minimal complications.     

前入路肝切除术治疗右肝巨大肿瘤

目的 评估前入路肝切除技术治疗右肝巨大肿瘤的安全性.方法 在处理右侧肝门之后,与传统肝切除技术不同的是,先沿缺血线离断肝实质,处理肝短静脉和肝右静脉;然后游离肝右叶并处理肝脏与周围结构的粘连或侵犯.结果 自2000年1月至2006年12月共对24例直径大于10 cm右肝巨大肿瘤采用前入路途径行右半肝或扩大右半肝切除术,肿瘤平均直径约15.7 cm,最大26 cm.所有病人均安全完成手术.平均术中估计失血量和术中输血量分别为734 ml和620 ml,平均手术时间296 min,无术后严重并发症和住院病死病例.结论 针对传统手术模式难以切除的右肝巨大肿瘤,前入路技术是一种安全的、应该优先选择的手术方式.     

单纯前路手术治疗无明显后方压迫的陈旧性颈椎半脱位

目的 探讨无明显后方压迫的陈旧性颈椎半脱位行单纯前路手术减压内固定的可行性及手术方法.方法 2004年5月至2006年7月收治陈旧性颈椎半脱位患者16例,受伤至手术时间均超过2个月,行前路减压,术中试图通过撑开螺钉及钛网钢板同定的运用,以获得减压固定、恢复正常序列.结果 16例患者术后均恢复正常颈椎序列及椎间隙高度,随访6-11个月,平均8.5个月,无植骨未融合及钛板螺钉松动、断裂病例.所有患者症状均得到改善,JOA评分由术前的平均13.4分恢复为最后随访时平均15.9分,改善率为69.4%.结论 对于陈旧性颈椎半脱位,后方结构已纤维愈合稳定,而且无明显后方脊髓压迫,前路减压技术完全能达到减压融合重建颈椎序列的目的 .     

Anterior muscle sparing approach for total hip arthroplasty

The purpose of this review is to examine the validity of positive claims regarding the direct anterior approach (DAA) with a fracture table for total hip arthroplasty. Recent literature regarding the DAA was searched and specific claims investigated including improved early outcomes, speed of recovery, component placement, dislocation rates, and complication rates. Recent literature is positive regarding the effects of total hip arthroplasty with the anterior approach. While the data is not definitive at present, patients receiving the anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty tend to recover more quickly and have improved early outcomes. Component placement with the anterior approach is more often in the “safe zone” than with other approaches. Dislocation rates tend to be less than 1% with the anterior approach. Complication rates vary widely in the published literature. A possible explanation is that the variance is due to surgeon and institutional experience with the anterior approach procedure. Concerns remain regarding the “learning curve” for both surgeons and institutions. In conclusion, it is not a matter of should this approach be used, but how should it be implemented.     

前交叉韧带重建术的精确定位

目的探讨前交叉韧带（ＡＣＬ）重建的定位方法。方法取２０例新鲜或冷冻保存的尸体膝关节,通过做骨道至股骨和胫骨的ＡＣＬ附丽区,穿以钢丝并被动屈曲膝关节,测得其长度参数。用自行研制的等距测尺,连续观察测值的变化。结果在３０°～１２０°屈曲过程中,前上区纤维由短变长,前方制约作用逐渐增加;后上及中心区纤维的长度变化很小;前下区及后下区纤维由长变短,前方制约作用逐渐减少。结论股骨附丽区后上区和中心区应视为ＡＣＬ的重建位置。在陈旧损伤附丽区标志不明时,可使用等距测尺来决定重建位置中心。     

Anterior surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Anterior open scoliosis surgery using the dual rod system is a safe and rather effective procedure for the correction of scoliosis (50–60 %). Thoracic hypokyphosis and rib hump correction with open anterior rather than posterior instrumentation appear to be the better approaches, although the latter is somewhat controversial with current posterior vertebral column derotation devices. In patients with Risser grade 0, hyperkyphosis and adding-on may occur with anterior thoracic spine instrumentation. Anterior thoracoscopic instrumentation provides a similar correction (65 %) with good cosmetic outcomes, but it is associated with a rather high risk of instrumentation (pull-out, pseudoarthrosis) and pulmonary complications. Approximately 80 % of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) curves of >70° have restrictive lung disease or smaller than normal lung volumes. AIS patients undergoing anterior thoracotomy or anteroposterior surgery will demonstrate a significant decrease in percentage of predicted lung volumes during follow-up. The thoracoabdominal approach and thoracoscopic approach without thoracoplasty do not produce similar changes in detrimental lung volume. In patients with severe AIS (>90°), posterior-only surgery with TPS provides similar radiographic correction of the deformity (44 %) with better pulmonary function outcomes than anteroposterior surgery. Vascular spinal cord malfunction after segmental vessel ligation during anterior scoliosis surgery has been reported. Based on the current literature, the main indication for open anterior scoliosis instrumentation is Lenke 5C thoracolumbar or lumbar AIS curve with anterior instrumentation typically between T11 and L3.     

First thoracic disc herniation with myelopathy

Summary The case of a patient with progressive paraparesis due to first thoracic disc herniation is reported. He was treated successfully with anterior interbody fusion by the Smith-Robinson approach. An anterior approach is desirable for surgical treatment of T1/2 disc herniation, and up to this level the Smith-Robinson approach, without thoracotomy, is entirely possible.     

前后路手术治疗胸腰椎陈旧性骨折

目的 探讨前后路手术在陈旧性胸腰椎骨折治疗中的应用价值。方法 对56例陈旧性胸腰椎骨折经前路或后路行椎管扩大减压植骨、内固定术。结果 所有患者随访6个月～5年，平均19个月.56例术后症状明显缓解，受压脊髓得到有效减压，植骨融合率高，前路手术脊髓神经功能改善优于后路手术，并发症少。结论 椎管侧前路减压对陈旧性胸腰椎骨折的治疗有效，后路手术适用于单纯脊柱失稳者。     

The direct anterior approach: First among equals—Opposes

The anterior approach is increasingly practiced throughout the United States. Advocates claim it is minimally invasive, tissue friendly with decreased dislocation rates, decreased hospital stay, and improved outcomes. Recent data however, indicates high complication rates; wound problems, fractures, femoral loosening, and dislocation rates similar to other approaches. The superior approach is modeled after an ideal approach to total hip arthroplasty that is tissue-preserving, inexpensive, and reduces complications of other techniques. Features of the superior approach include simple positioning, no dislocation of the femoral head, preservation of abductors, anterior and posterior capsule, and most, if not all of the external rotators.