经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术前后三种计算二尖瓣口面积方法的比较

对３３例以二尖瓣狭窄为主的风湿性心脏病患者进行研究，比较了经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）前后３种计算二尖瓣瓣口面积的方法。统计表明，ＰＢＭＶ前Ｇｏｒｌｉｎ公式，多普勒超声心动图压差减半时间及二维超声心动图测量的二尖瓣口面积间有显著相关，但ＰＢＭＶ后仅二维超声心动图测量二尖瓣口面积（ＭＶＡＥ）与连续波多普勒超声心动图测量二尖瓣口面积（ＭＶＡＤ）维持ＰＢＭＶ前相似的相关性；３种方法计算的瓣口面积在ＰＢＭＶ前后的变化率亦不相关。ＰＢＭＶ后血液动力学改变对Ｇｏｒｌｉｎ公式及压差减半时间计算的二尖瓣口面积有明显影响，３种计算二尖瓣口面积的方法不能混用，ＰＢＭＶ术后测量二尖瓣口面积应以二维超声心动图方法为准。     

经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术临床应用体会

采用国产球囊导管及配套器械对１０２例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄（ＭＳ）患者行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术（ＰＢＭＶ），１０１例手术成功；其中９０例术后随访２３±９个月，二尖瓣口面积（ＭＶＡ）为２．０５±０．４０ｃｍ２，４例发生再狭窄（占４．４％），无１例死亡。认为正确选择适应症、准确定位房间隔穿刺点、严格把握球囊扩张终点是保证手术成功的关键     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动球囊二尖瓣成形术后复律治疗的临床评价

报道９０例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动（简称二狭房颤）患者球囊二尖瓣成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）和复律治疗的结果，并与同期行ＰＢＭＶ的１６０例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄无房颤（窦性心律，简称二狭窦律）患者进行比较。结果表明临床上无血管栓塞并发症且经超声心动图检查无心房血栓的二狭房颤患者接受ＰＢＭＶ治疗与二狭窦律者一样具有良好的安全性和临床效果。８９例二狭房颤患者ＰＢＭＶ后经复律治疗转为窦性心律（其中１５例仅服用奎尼丁即可复律）。随访２３．５±１１．７月，２４例（２７％）复发。认为房颤持续时间长和左房明显扩大可能是房颤复发的影响因素；ＰＢ－ＭＶ的效果可能是房颤复律后远期疗效的影响因素     

老年风湿性心脏病患者经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术21例分析

目的评估经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）治疗老年人风湿性心脏病的疗效。方法分析老年风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者行ＰＢＭＶ术前、术后超声心动图、血流动力学指标及心功能状况。结果２１例行ＰＢＭＶ，２０例成功，成功率９５．２％；未发生严重并发症，仅１例因瓣膜明显均质性致密增厚而扩张失效。平均随访９±３个月，ＰＢＭＶ术后二尖瓣口面积从１．１２±０．２５ｃｍ２增加至１．８９±０．２７ｃｍ２，左房平均压从３．４０±１．０８ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）降至１．７２±０．７５ｋＰａ，术后心功能改善１级者６例，改善２级及以上者１４例，手术失败１例心功能无改善。结论ＰＢＭＶ是老年风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者安全、有效的治疗措施之一。     

提高经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术疗效及防止并发症的经验和体会

目的通过１５２例经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）病例分析,总结ＰＢＭＶ术中、术后提高疗效及防止并发症的经验和体会。方法采用Ｉｎｏｕｅ法进行ＰＢＭＶ,并对部分操作技术进行了改进。术后对１１０例病人随访２４±１０个月,观察ＰＢＭＶ术后近期及远期疗效。结果１５２例中１５１例成功,成功率９９５％;长期随访的１１０例患者,７６％心功能稳定于ＮＹＨＡⅠ级,二尖瓣口面积（ＭＶＡ）（２０６±０４０）ｃｍ２,有５３％发生再狭窄,无一例死亡。结论作者认为严格选择病人、熟练地进行房间隔穿刺与球囊扩张、操作人员密切配合及术后预防再狭窄是提高ＰＢＭＶ疗效与避免并发症的关键     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄球囊成形术的临床应用

为了观察经皮球囊成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）对风湿性二尖瓣狭窄的临床疗效，对２９３例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄病人进行ＰＢＭＶ治疗。结果表明：（１）ＰＢＭＶ的成功率为９９％，术后即刻血流明显动力学明显改善，其中５２例外科术后再狭窄和４５例并存二尖瓣、主动脉瓣关闭不全的患者也获得了与原发性狭窄和单纯性狭窄相似的临床效果。（２）１０５例病人并发心房纤颤，１０３例ＰＢＭＶ成功，无１例发生栓塞并发症，术后１０２例接受复律治疗     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动患者球囊二尖瓣成形术疗效及安全性短期评价

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动患者球囊二尖瓣成形术疗效及安全性短期评价江洪黄从新王晋明许家张庆华陈元秀我们对９０例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动（房颤）的球囊二尖瓣成形（ＰＢＭＶ）治疗结果并与１６０例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴窦性心律（窦律）患者进行比较，以评价二...     

经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术后Q-T间期离散度与心功能相关性分析

经皮穿刺二尖瓣球囊成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）是治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄（ＭＳ）的有效方法之一,为二尖瓣狭窄行非开胸治疗开创了一种新方法。大量实验和临床研究证明,近期疗效令人满意,ＰＢＭＶ术后心功能改善明显,患者生活质量显著提高。继１９８４年Ｉｎｏｕｅ等首次报道Ｐ...     

妊娠期妇女的经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术

对５例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄合并中晚期妊娠的妇女进行经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术（ＰＢＭＶ）。结果，５例孕妇术后心功能明显改善，二尖瓣口面积增大由术前０．８６±０．２１ｃｍ２增至术后１．８４±０．２０ｃｍ２，（Ｐ＜０．００１），４例术后顺利分娩，１例术后剖腹终止妊娠，无１例发生心衰加重情况，４例顺产婴儿发育均正常。５例孕妇中除１例术后合并轻度二尖瓣返流外，无其它并发症。表明ＰＢＭＶ对风湿性二尖瓣膜狭窄合并妊娠的妇女不但疗效可靠、且安全，对胎儿无明显影响，是较理想的治疗方法。     

经皮球囊二尖瓣扩张术对二尖瓣狭窄患者血凝系统的影响

为探讨经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）对二尖瓣狭窄（ＭＳ）血栓前状态（ＰＴＳ）的影响，检测２３例行ＰＢＭＶ病人术前和术后一周止血系统指标。根据术后二尖瓣口面积增加程度（ΔＭＶＡ）分为两个亚组：有效组（ΔＭＶＡ≤０．５ｃｍ２）８例、显效组（ΔＭＶＡ＞０．５ｃｍ２）１５例。发现术后血小板最大聚集率、血浆血栓素Ｂ２、全血粘度显著降低；抗凝血酶Ⅲ抗原和组织型纤溶酶原激活物显著升高；而血浆ＶｏｎＷｉｌｅｂｒａｎｄ因子抗原、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物、血浆粘度、红细胞比积无显著改变。在显效组，上述变化更为显著。提示ＰＢＭＶ可改善ＭＳ病人的ＰＴＳ，且与ＰＢＭＶ效果密切相关     

Repeat percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy vs. mitral valve replacement in patients with restenosis after previous balloon mitral valvotomy and unfavorable valve characteristics

Background:

Symptomatic mitral restenosis develops in up to 21% of patients after percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy (PBMV), and most of these patients undergo mitral valve replacement (MVR).

Hypothesis:

Repeating PBMV (re‐PBMV) might be an effective and less‐invasive treatment for these patients.

Methods:

Forty‐seven patients with post‐PBMV mitral restenosis and unfavorable valve characteristics were assigned either to re‐PBMV (25 cases; mean age 40.7 ± 11 y, 76% female) or MVR (22 cases; mean age 47 ± 10 y, 69% female) at 51 ± 33 months after the prior PBMV. The mean follow‐up was 41 ± 32 months and 63 ± 30 months for the re‐PBMV and MVR groups, respectively.

Results:

The 2 groups were homogenous in preoperative variables such as gender, echocardiographic findings, and valve characteristics. Patients in the MVR group were older, with a higher mean New York Heart Association functional class, mean mitral valve area, mitral regurgitation grade, and right ventricular systolic pressure (P = 0.03), and more commonly were in AF. There were 3 in‐hospital deaths (all in the MVR group) and 4 during follow‐up (3 in the MVR group and 1 in the re‐PBMV group). Ten‐year survival was significantly higher in re‐PBMV vs MVR (96% vs 72.7%, P<0.05), but event‐free survival was similar (52% vs 50%, P = 1.0) due to high reintervention in the re‐PBMV group (48% vs 18.1%, P = 0.02).

Conclusions:

In a population with predominantly unfavorable characteristics for PBMV, short‐ and long‐term outcomes are both reasonable after re‐PBMV with less mortality but requiring more reinterventions compared with MVR. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.     

经皮二尖瓣扩张术治疗老年及老年前期患者二尖瓣狭窄

目的　探讨经皮经房间隔穿刺二尖瓣扩张治疗老年和老年前期患者二尖瓣狭窄的临床意义。方法　 86例患者采用一步法经皮经房间隔穿刺球囊扩张治疗二尖瓣狭窄。手术前后分别记录右心房压、左心房压、肺动脉压 ,二尖瓣口面积 ,并进行手术后随防。结果　 86例患者中 83例治疗成功 ,3例失败 ,其中 1例为术中急性心包填塞 ,2例术后出现中度二尖瓣反流。术后即刻 ,左心房压、肺动脉压下降 ,二尖瓣口面积增加 ,心功能改善。 4 2例患者随访(4 .4± 2 .1)年 ,1例出现再狭窄 ,1例原因不明猝死 ,1例因二尖瓣反流行瓣膜置换术 ,其余患者心功能和生活质量明显改善。结论　对年龄≥ 5 0岁伴轻度二尖瓣和 (或 )主动脉瓣反流 ,瓣膜钙化或瓣下结构病变的二尖瓣狭窄患者 ,可安全有效地施行球囊二尖瓣成形术。     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴左室偏小患者球囊扩张术后的近期临床观察

目的　观察风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴左室偏小患者经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术 (PBMV)的球囊直径及扩张后心功能 ,血流动力学及心腔大小的变化。方法　选择风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴左室偏小患者共 2 7例 ,采用Inoue法行PBMV ,球囊扩张直径为身高 / 10 +10mm ,分别测定其扩张前后左房及左室压力 ;随访其术前及术后近期心功能 ;超声评价术前 1周、术后 1周、1、3、6月二尖瓣瓣口面积、二尖瓣跨瓣压差、最大肺动脉收缩压及心腔大小的变化。结果　扩张即刻左房压力及二尖瓣跨瓣压差明显下降 ,舒张期杂音减轻 ,左室舒张末期压力增加 ;术后一周左房内径变小 ,左室内径增大 ,心功能改善不明显 ;术后一月左房内径变小 ,左室内径增大及心功能改善均达最佳效果 ,并维持至观察结束时。结论　风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴左室偏小患者仍可以球囊直径 =身高 / 10 +10mm进行扩张 ;术后 1周心腔大小明显变化 ,1月达最佳效果 ;心功能的改善 1月才达最佳效果。     

再次PBMV35例疗效观察

目的　观察再次经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术 (PBMV)后患者疗效。方法　对 35例 PBMV后再狭窄的患者施行再次 PBMV,并与同期首次接受 PBMV的 36例患者进行疗效比较。结果　两组 PBMV均获成功 ,术后二尖瓣口面积 (MVA)增加 (P<0 .0 1) ,左房平均压 (L AMP)下降 (P<0 .0 1) ,肺动脉平均压 (PAMP)、左房舒张末内径 (L AD)明显降低 (P<0 .0 5 )。再次 PBMV组 MVA增加值及 PAMP下降值均小于首次 PBMV组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,但 L AMP、L AP无统计学差异。两组均无严重并发症发生。结论　再次 PBMV是 PBMV术后再狭窄患者安全有效的治疗手段     

风心病二尖瓣狭窄合并窦性心律患者经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后即刻P波离散度变化与左房平均压变化之间的关系

目的探讨风心病二尖瓣狭窄合并窦性心律患者经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)后即刻P波离散度(Pd)变化与左心房(左房)平均压(LMAP)变化之间的关系。方法选取成功进行PBMV风心病二尖瓣狭窄合并窦性心律患者32例,测量PBMV术前、术后即刻Pd、LMAP、二尖瓣口面积(MVA)及左房大小(LAS),计算Pd变化值,并与LMAP、MVA和LAS变化值行相关性分析。结果PBMV术后即刻Pd与LMAP明显减小(P<0.05)、MVA明显增加(P<0.05)、LAS无明显变化(P>0.05);Pd变化值仅与LMAP变化值之间具有相关性。结论风心病二尖瓣狭窄合并窦性心律患者PBMV术后即刻Pd变化与LMAP变化可能有关,提示心房牵张可能是引起风心病二尖瓣狭窄合并窦性心律患者Pd变化的原因。     

Surgical rheumatic mitral valve repair compared with percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty in mitral stenosis in current era: a propensity score matching study

BackgroundMany comparative studies of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) and surgical mitral commissurotomy (SMC) in rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) were done in the last few decades. With the development of valve repair techniques, various surgical rheumatic valve repair techniques have been applied in clinic, but there is a lack of comparison with PBMV. Our study was designed to compare the perioperative and mid-term outcomes of PBMV and mitral valve repair with “four-step” procedure in the treatment of rheumatic MS.MethodsPatients with MS were treated with PBMV or rheumatic mitral valve repair (rMVP) at Beijing Anzhen Hospital between January 1, 2013 and September 30, 2018 were selected. By using propensity score matching (PSM) method, we compared the changes in post-operation clinical outcomes between the two matched groups. Kaplan-Meier analyses was used for survival analysis and drawing the curve, and log-rank test were used to compare intergroup differences.ResultsA total of 252 cases were enrolled after selection, 74 cases in PBMV and 178 cases in rMVP. Seventy-four pairs were matched successfully after PSM. There were 53 females in PBMV and 54 in rMVP. The mean age of two groups was 46.95±12.50 and 47.55±11.91 years respectively. There was no significantly differences in mitral valve orifice area (MVOA) (1.05±0.32 vs. 0.97±0.24 cm², P=0.12) and left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) (62.36%±5.17% vs. 62.52%±4.94%, P=0.76) between two groups preoperatively. Baseline characteristics were basically balanced after PSM. In each group, there was one case transferred to surgical mitral valve replacement due to the failure of valvuloplasty before discharge. All patients survived the interventions and no severe complications were found. MVOA were significantly increased in rMVP compared with PBMV postoperatively, as well as grading of MS and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) were significantly improved in rMVP. Three cases in PBMV were lost during the follow-up. Mitral replacement was performed in 11 patients and one of them died in PBMV, while none of patients underwent re-intervention in rMVP, but one patient died of pneumonia.ConclusionsFor selected patients with rheumatic MS in China, our study shows that there are comparable clinical outcomes in terms of operative, mid-term mortality and complications between PBMV and surgical rMVP with “four-step” procedure. Surgical rMVP shows more advantageous in the correction of valve stenosis and the management of concomitant tricuspid valve lesions and atrial fibrillation (AF).     

再次经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术39例远期疗效观察

目的 观察经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后再狭窄的患者,行再次经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的远期疗效.方法 39例经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后再狭窄的患者,全部采用改良Inoue法,再次行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术,并进行远期疗效随访.结果 39例患者再次行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术,成功36例(成功率为92.3%).再次经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术成功后,患者临床症状及部分血流动力学指标(左心房平均压、二尖瓣瓣口面积、跨瓣压差及肺动脉收缩压)明显改善[分别为(24.50±6.54)mm Hg比(9.66±4.21)mill Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),(1.05±0.19)cm2比(2.23±0.22)cm2,(17.03±4.52)mm Hg比(7.79±4.07)mm Hg,(58.12±12.68)mm Hg比(31.45±10.02)mm Hg,P均＜0.05];而左心房内径无明显改变[(4.71±0.75)cm比(4.07±0.69)cm,P＞0.05]. 36例患者再次经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后随访12～146(69±23)个月,远期随访可见二尖瓣瓣121面积仍明显大于术前[(2.02±0.21)cm2比(1.05±0.19)cm2,P＜0.05],跨瓣压差明显小于术前[(9.15±4.11)mm Hg比(17.03±4.52)mm Hg,P＜0.05],且均与近期随访结果相近似[分别为(2.02±0.21)cm2比(2.23±0.22)cm2,(9.15±4.11)mm Hg比(7.79±4.07)mm Hg,P均＞0.05];而左心房内径仍无明显改变[(4.13±0.71)cm比(4.07±0.69)cm,P＞0.05].远期随访期间,大多数患者心功能及生活质量均明显改善.结论 对于经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后再狭窄的患者,只要病例选择恰当,手术操作正确,再次行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的近期及远期疗效均佳.     

Neurohormones in mitral stenosis before and after percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: The hormonal response to percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy (PBMV) has been described in patients in sinus rhythm (SR) and with atrial fibrillation (AF). The study aim was to evaluate the effect of hemodynamic parameters and PBMV on atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) secretion and plasma renin activity (PRA) in mitral stenosis in SR and AF. METHODS: Thirty-one patients (26 females, five males; mean age 50.5+/-14 years) with pure rheumatic mitral stenosis underwent PBMV. Fourteen patients had AF, and 17 were in SR. PRA and ANF were measured 24 h before, and at 30 and 60 min, 24 h and one month after PBMV, after resting in a supine position for > or =2 h. Digitalis and diuretics were withdrawn 48 h before sampling; neither had patients received ACE inhibitors or beta-blockers during the previous month. RESULTS: PBMV was successful in all cases, without complication. Mitral valve area was increased and wedge pressure decreased in both groups after PBMV. In AF patients, neither PRA nor ANF were significantly affected before and after PBMV; in SR patients, ANF was decreased and PRA increased significantly, notably 24 h after PBMV. The cardiac index was increased in both groups, but was distinctly lower in AF patients both before and after PBMV. CONCLUSION: Despite similar hemodynamic results, reversal of the hormonal pattern after PBMV occurred only in SR patients, most likely because in AF patients a low cardiac index elicits a hormonal response similar to heart failure. This abnormal hormonal pattern may limit functional recovery after PBMV; hence, PBMV is best attempted while patients are still in SR.     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的远期疗效

目的 观察经皮球囊三尖瓣成形术近期及远期疗效.方法 自1992年4月至2008年11月采用Inoue单球囊法对1768例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)治疗.对其中自1992年4月至1998年8月426例术后10年患者进行随访.球囊扩张前后均采用同步记录左心房和左心室压力,计算二尖瓣跨瓣压差.术前、术后及随访中均采用超声心动图检查和临床心功能评价.结果 1748例完成PBMV治疗,成功率为98.86%.左心房平均压由术前(38±7)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)下降至(12±4)mm Hg(P<0.001),二尖瓣平均跨瓣压差由术前(28±6)mm Hg下降至(8±3)mm Hg(P<0.001),二尖瓣口面积由术前(0.98±0.26)cm~2增加至(1.97±0.39)cm~2(P<0.001).主要并发症为死亡2例,急性心包填塞1例,肺水肿1例,重度二尖瓣反流12例,脑栓塞2例.426例PBMV术后10年随访,心功能仍然维持在纽约心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级而未冉进行PBMV或换瓣术者288例(67.6%),冉狭窄140例(33.3%),死亡31例(7.5%).结论 PBMV是治疗风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄的有效方法 .     

N-terminal proBNP plasma levels correlate with severity of mitral stenosis

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a neurohormone, is secreted predominantly from the ventricular myocardium. Studies investigating BNP secretion in diseases affecting the right side of the heart are scarce. The relationship between N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) and echocardiographic and clinical findings was studied in cases with isolated moderate to severe rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS), and in patients with previous mitral valve replacement (MVR). METHODS: Thirty-two patients with MS (mean age 41.2 +/- 5.7 years), 20 with MVR (mean age 46.0 +/- 4.6 years) and 30 healthy individuals (mean age 40.3 +/- 4.9 years) were included in the study. In addition to NT-proBNP measurements, detailed transthoracic echocardiography was performed in all patients and healthy subjects. RESULTS: Plasma levels of NT-proBNP were significantly higher in patients with MS than in those with MVR or in controls (99.8 +/- 12.7 versus 74.7 +/- 6.9 and 48.5 +/- 10.5 pg/ml, respectively; p <0.0001 all groups). NT-proBNP levels showed a significantly greater increase in severe MS than in moderate MS (109.8 +/- 5.6 versus 88.3 +/- 7.6 pg/ml, p <0.0001). NT-proBNP levels also were higher in MVR patients than in controls (74.7 +/- 6.9 versus 48.5 +/- 10.5 pg/ml; p <0.0001). Although NT-proBNP levels did not correlate with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with MS (r = -0.33; p >0.05), there was a positive correlation with pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.87; p <0.001) and a negative correlation with mitral valve area (MVA) (r = -0.89; p <0.0001). However, multivariate analysis identified only MVA as an independent correlate of NT-proBNP (beta = -0.47; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: In patients with rheumatic MS, NT-proBNP levels correlated positively with MS severity. Moreover, NT-proBNP levels increased significantly in patients with MS, but were significantly lower in those who underwent MVR.