Effect of hydrocortisone on amine content in the thymus

Intraperitoneal injection of 2.5% hydrocortisone suspension (0.5 ml) changes the content of biogenic amines in different lobule zones and thymocytes of high animals. The content of norepinephrine and serotonin increases in luminescent cells of the subcapsular and premedullary zones and decreases in mast cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 6, pp. 677–679, June, 1997     

Effect of cortisone-resistant thymocytes on endogenous colony formation in inbred mice

Endogenous colonies were counted in the spleen of sublethally irradiated (CBAxC57BL/6)F₁ hybrid mice after injection of thymocytes and lymph node cells treated with hydrocortisone and in intact CBA mice. Cortisone-resistance thymoctyes did not inhibit endogenous colony formation, whereas lymph node cells had a marked suppressive effect on endogenous colonies. In individual recipients the number of colonies in the spleen after injection of cortisone-resistant thymocytes was twice the number found in control irradiated hybrids.Department of Microbiology and Department of Biology, Smolensk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 66–68, July, 1977.     

Effect of lithium hydroxybutyrate on circadian rhythms of brain serotonin content and plasma corticosteroids in reserpine-treated mice

Lithium hydroxybutyrate (10 mg/kg daily for 10 days, intramuscularly) administered in the morning prevents reserpine-induced depression of the diurnal steroidogenesis in mice and the development of desynchronosis between circadian rhythms of serotonin in the brain and plasma corticosteroids. Evening injections result in the formation of phase-discordant 24-h periodicities, the mean values of the studied parameters being unaffected. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 7, pp. 101–105, July, 1997     

Comparison of the results of interaction between lymph node-derived lymphocytes and cortisone-resistant thymocytes,and endogenous stem cells of syngeneic and allogeneic recipients

A comparative study of the interaction between lymph node lymphocytes and cortisone-resistant thymocytes, and endogenous colony-forming units was conducted using an endogenous colony-forming assay. Cortisone-resistant thymocytes induced equally efficient stimulation of the spleen endocolonization in syngeneic, semiallogeneic, and completely allogeneic recipients. However, transfer of the lymph node lymphocytes resulted in only moderate stimulation of endogenous colony-forming units in syngeneic recipients and in drastic inhibition of colony formation in F₁ hybrid and allogeneic recipients. The mechanisms of the opposite effect of peripheral T lymphocytes as compared to cortisone-resistant thymocytes on endogenous stem cells are discussed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, Nulo 6, pp. 637–639, June, 1995 Presented by N. N. Trapeznikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of garlic consumption on the argyrophilic nucleolar organiser regions (AgNORs) in splenocytes and thymocytes of rats

The number and size of nucleolar organiser regions (NORs) are related to cell proliferation. To test the hypothesis that lymphocyte proliferation is associated with garlic consumption, 17 6-week-old male Wistar rats were separated into two groups. For 30 days eight rats were given garlic solution by gavage while the remaining nine animals received distilled water. Silver staining of NORs was performed on the fixed tissues of spleens and thymuses. The nuclear area (NA), nuclear length (NL), total AgNORs area (TAA), total AgNORs length (TAL) and total AgNORs number (TAN) of 100 analyzable nuclei of lymphocytes from each tissue were recorded. In spite of a decline in the average NA and NL of thymocytes from garlic-treated rats (p<0.001), TAA and TAL increased significantly (p<0.001) in the splenocytes and thymocytes of this group. In conclusion, garlic may enhance the lymphocyte proliferation in these two important organs from the rat immune system.     

Modulation of interleukin-2-induced proliferation and nonspecific cytotoxicity of rat lymphocytes by phorbol myristate acetate and staurosporine

It is shown that a 19-h pretreatment of rat splenocytes with 1 μM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate followed by a 42-h incubation with human recombinant interleukin-2 inhibits nonspecific cytotoxicity of these cells toward the target YAC-1 cells. By contrast, proliferation of splenocytes and thymocytes incubated under the same conditons increases considerably. The inhibitor of protein kinase C staurosporine (0.1 μM) significantly decreases nonspecific cytotoxicity of splenocytes after a 20-min incubation, while in a dose of 0.01 μM it stimulates lytic activity of splenocytes and thymocytes following a 3-day incubation with interleukin-2 in the presence of the inhibitor. Cell proliferation under these conditions is markedly decreased. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 10, pp. 394–398, October, 1996     

Effect of ligation of the pacreatic ducts on distribution of endogenous serotonin in organs of the gastrointestinal tract

During the 12 months after ligation of the pancreatic ducts in dogs the concentration of endogenous serotonin (5-HT) was studied in the mucous membrane of different parts of the stomach and small intestine, and also in homogenates of pancreatic tissue and in peripheral blood. Considerable and prolonged disturbances of the deposition of endogenous 5-HT were found. The disturbances were characterized by definite patterns for each tissue studied and were connected with changes in the relative constancy of the enteral medium as a result of absence of the pancreatic secretion in the lumen of the alimentary canal.Laboratory of the Pathophysiology of Digestion, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 518–520, May, 1978.     

Reaction of biogenic amines of lymph nodes to electromagnetic field of extremely high frequency

In comparison with pain stress electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequency of the millimeter range increases 40- to 50-fold the concentration of biogenic amines in B- and T-dependent zones of the mesenteric lymph nodes. The supply of biogenic amines to the lymph node structures normalizes when rats were subjected to pain stress after irradiation with electromagnetic rays of low frequency. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 12, pp. 634–636, December, 1998     

Effect of stimulation of cholinergic muscarinic receptors on norepinephrine accumulation in esophageal and gastric mucosa in rats

An hour and half after injection of norepinephrine its concentration in the mucosa of the lesser curvature of the stomach increases and in the greater curvature decreases. Stimulation of muscarinic receptors with pilocarpine leads to a marked rise of norepinephrine concentration in the esophageal mucosa and in the mucosa of the lesser curvature. It is supposed that stimulation of muscarinic receptors of the gastrointestinal tract after injection of exogenous norepinephrine induces accumulation of this transmitter in structures with abundant cholinergic innervation. Selective norepinephrine accumulation in the mucosa of the esophagus and lesser gastric curvature is apparently due to its high permeability for norepinephrine contained in saliva. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 4, pp. 378–379, April, 1998     

Histochemical characteristics of the structures of rat lymphoid organs in stress

Luminescence analysis and histochemical methods have shown that stress affects various structures of rat immunocompetent organs and decreases the contents of catecholamines, serotonin and histamine in central and peripheral immune organs. The content of biogenic amines in thymic structures increased 10, 20, and 30 days after the administration of the immunostimulator polystim against the background of stress. The results obtained indicate that polystim displays stress-protective activity and can be used in clinical practice. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 2, pp 171–173, February, 1999     

Effect of toluene on bioamine-containing structures in the spleen

The effect of toluene administered into the stomach on amino-containing structures in the spleen of random-bred albino mice was studied. It was shown by Falck—Hillarp method that 6 h after treatment the toxicant stimulated splenic mast cell population and inhibited other amino-containing structures. It is therefore suggested that in control mice the major role in bioamine metabolism in the spleen is played by granular fluorescent cells, while after poisoning, mast cells functioning as adapters acquire the primary role. The levels of catecholamines and serotonin in nervous and nonnervous structures peaked 1 weekafter poisoning and returned to normal after 4 weeks. Presumably, toluene suppresses the immunity starting from the second week after treatment. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 12, pp. 643–647, December, 2000     

Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on some functional and morphological properties of the heart and on catecholamine metabolism in compensatory hypertrophy of the myocardium

Less-marked hypertrophy and signs of myocardial degeneration developed in rabbits exposed for one month to hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) after the formation of stenosis of the ascending aorta, and the contractile power of the left ventricle was increased more than in animals with stenosis of the aorta kept under ordinary conditions. In rabbits with hypertrophy of the heart developing under conditions of HBO increased powers of adaptation of the myocardium to physical exertion were accompanied by an increase in the functional reserve of the sympathetic control apparatus. HBO evidently favors the development of optimal adaptation of the heart to an increased pressure load.Department of Hyperbaric Oxygenation, All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Moscow. (Presented by Academician B. V. Petrovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 19–22, July, 1977.     

Effect of malaben on catecholamine content in organs of animals with experimental myocardial infarction

The content of adrenalin and noradrenalin was determined in tissues of the heart, adrenals, spleen, and brain of rats with experimental myocardial infarction. A considerable fall in the tissue catecholamine level was found. Malaben restores the normal catecholamine content in the tissues in myocardial infarction, posibly as a result of the antihitamine properties of the compound.Department of Pharmacology, Leningrad Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. V. Anichkov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 49–51, July, 1977.     

Membranotropic effects of glucocorticoids. Effect of hydrocortisone on D-glucose uptake by isolated hepatocytes

Hydrocortisone immobilized on polyvinylpyrrolidone did not affect D-glucose uptake by hepatocytes, while free hydrocortisone in a concentration of 10 μM or higher decreased the initial rate of this process. Hydrocortisone-induced inhibition was dose-dependent and related to a decrease in the maximum rate of D-glucose uptake. Polyvinylpyrrolidone-immobilized hydrocortisone potentiated the effects of free hormone. Membranotropic effect of hydrocortisone on D-glucose transport into hepatocytes was associated with a decreased number of glucose carrier molecules or their turnover, rather than with lowered affinity of transport systems for glucose. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 3, pp. 310–312, March, 2000     

Effect of dexamethasone on activity of alkaline proteases and thymocytic pH

The effect of dexamethasone on activity of alkaline proteases and intracellular pH of rat thymocytes is studied. Dexamethasone increases the activity of alkaline proteases in the thymus. Intracellular pH changes under the effect of the hormone in two phases bothin vivo andin vitro. Possible mechanism of rapid acidification of the cytoplasm followed by its alkalization is discussed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 3, pp. 310–312, March, 1998     

Effect of low-intensity laser radiation on working capacity of animals with modified endocrine status

The endocrine factor plays an important role in the mechanism underlying the increase in working capacity of organism. Other factors also contribute to this increase. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 8, pp. 165–167, August, 1997     

Effect of hyperlipidemia on thymocyte sensitivity to apoptosis in CBA and C57Bl/6 mice

Effects of experimental hyperlipidemia on apoptosis and proliferation of thymocytes in response to mitogens were studied in CBA and C57Bl/6 mice. The concentrations of cholesterol in the serum and thymocyte membranes increased in both mouse strains. Spontaneous and dexamethasone-induced apoptosisin vitro and the proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A were enhanced in thymocytes from C57Bl/6 mice and suppressed in cells from CBA mice. These data suggest opposite reactions of thymocyte to increased serum cholesterol concentration in these two strains, associated with stimulation and suppression of cell activity. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 8, pp. 200–202, August, 2000     

Effect of glucocorticoids on catecholamine synthesis in the adrenals and heart of rats during physical fatigue

The effect of adrenocortical hormones on catecholamine synthesis in the adrenals and heart of rats was studied after prolonged swimming (8 h). Catecholamine synthesis during incubation of the adrenals with L-tyrosine was sharply depressed after swimming. Addition of hydrocortisone or prednisolone in vitro (50 g per sample) and also injection of these hormones in vivo (50 mg/kg intramuscularly, 3 h before decapitation) increased catecholamine synthesis in the adrenals of the swimming rats but not of intact rats. On incubation of the adrenals of swimming rats in the presence of L-dopa and L-noradrenalin catecholamine synthesis was reduced compared with that in intact animals and was not restored on the addition of glucocorticoids. No stimulating effect of aldosterone on catecholamine synthesis in the adrenals could be detected in the presence of L-tyrosine. On incubation of the heart tissue of swimming rats in the presence of L-tyrosine and L-dopa, catecholamine synthesis was depressed and was not restored by glucocorticoids invitro or in vivo. It is concluded that glucocorticoids can restore catecholamine synthesis when depressed by intensive physical fatigue by acting on the tyrosine hydroxylase stage.Laboratory of Sport Endocrinology, All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Physical Culture, Moscow. (Presented by Academician V. N. Chernigovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 11–13, July, 1977.