手术治疗腹部闭合性损伤80例

目的：探讨腹部闭合性损伤的手术治疗。方法：回顾性分析我院近年来收治的80例腹部闭合性损伤患者的临床资料。结果：80例腹部闭合性损伤的患者,经剖腹探查手术治疗,成功治愈74例,治愈率为92.5%,死亡6例,死亡率为7.5%。其中,2例患者死于肝破裂大出血,2例患者死于颅脑外伤,3例患者死于多脏器衰竭。结论：对于腹部闭合性损伤,临床医生必须细致检查和严密动态观察,以便于早期诊断,并提出合理的治疗方案,以提高手术治疗效果,减少术后并发症的发生,降低死亡率。     

钝性伤致胃肠道穿孔和缺血性改变

钝性闭合性腹部损伤所致胃肠道穿孔（破裂）及因系膜血管损伤所致缺血性改变的诊治尚存在一些问题。笔者收集连续收治的８８例上述病变进行临床分析，提出详尽的体检结合诊断性腹腔灌洗（穿刺）是诊断此类病变的较可靠方法，肠道缺血性改变应积极手术处理，小肠应行切除吻合术，结肠应附加近端造口术。本组死亡７例，余均治愈。     

Multidetector CT Findings of Bowel Transection in Blunt Abdominal Trauma

Objective

Though a number of CT findings of bowel and mesenteric injuries in blunt abdominal trauma are described in literature, no studies on the specific CT signs of a transected bowel have been published. In the present study we describe the incidence and new CT signs of bowel transection in blunt abdominal trauma.

Materials and Methods

We investigated the incidence of bowel transection in 513 patients admitted for blunt abdominal trauma who underwent multidetector CT (MDCT). The MDCT findings of 8 patients with a surgically proven complete bowel transection were assessed retrospectively. We report novel CT signs that are unique for transection, such as complete cutoff sign (transection of bowel loop), Janus sign (abnormal dual bowel wall enhancement, both increased and decreased), and fecal spillage.

Results

The incidence of bowel transection in blunt abdominal trauma was 1.56%. In eight cases of bowel transection, percentage of CT signs unique for bowel transection were as follows: complete cutoff in 8 (100%), Janus sign in 6 (100%, excluding duodenal injury), and fecal spillage in 2 (25%). The combination of complete cutoff and Janus sign were highly specific findings in patients with bowel transection.

Conclusion

Complete cut off and Janus sign are the unique CT findings to help detect bowel transection in blunt abdominal trauma and recognition of these findings enables an accurate and prompt diagnosis for emergency laparotomy leading to reduced mortality and morbidity.     

交通伤中腹内脏器损伤的危险因素

目的：探讨交通伤所致腹部钝性闭合伤中腹内脏器损伤的早期诊断，分析腹部创伤的某些客观危险因素，提出初步诊断程序．方法：回顾分析二十年来收治钝性交通事故伤共６０１０例临床资料，其中５１８例为腹部闭合伤．以腹内伤为因变量进行统计学处理．结果：９项病理生理改变和腹部以外损伤状况为可能发生腹内脏器伤的危险因素．其中入院收缩压＜１２ｋＰａ、严重胸部创伤等７个参数与腹内脏器伤密切相关，可视为高危因素．结论：对具有任何高危因素或体检阳性者，应高度警惕腹内伤的发生，及时进行辅助性检查．详尽体检和病史分析具有重要意义．     

Spontaneous Obliteration of Right Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm after Blunt Chest Trauma: Diagnosis and Follow-Up with Multidetector CT

Right ventricular (RV) pseudoaneurysm caused by trauma is very rare. We report a case of RV pseudoaneurysm which resolved without surgical treatment in a patient who survived a falling accident. Echocardiography failed to identify the pseudoaneurysm. Electrocardiography-gated CT showed a 17-mm-sized saccular pseusoaneurysm arsing from the RV outflow tract with a narrow neck. Follow-up CT after two months showed spontaneous obliteration of the lesion.     

Blunt nonaortic chest trauma: radiographic and CT findings

Following initial clinical evaluation and stabilization of a patient who has sustained blunt chest trauma, imaging has an important role in the evaluation of thoracic injuries. The initial study is the chest radiograph. However, chest CT is being used with increased frequency in the evaluation of blunt chest trauma. Although CT is used primarily to assess for traumatic aortic injuries, it is also useful in the evaluation of pulmonary and bronchial, airway, skeletal and diaphragmatic injury. The aim of this article is to review the characteristic imaging findings of pulmonary and bronchial, esophageal, thoracic, skeletal and diaphragmatic injuries. Electronic Publication     

Reducing Unnecessary Portable Pelvic Radiographs in Trauma Patients: A Resident-Driven Quality Improvement Initiative

Quality improvement is increasingly important in the changing health care climate. We aim to establish a methodology and identify critical factors leading to successful implementation of a resident-led radiology quality improvement intervention at the institutional level. Under guidance of faculty mentors, the first-year radiology residents developed a quality improvement initiative to decrease unnecessary STAT pelvic radiographs (PXRs) in hemodynamically stable trauma patients who would additionally receive STAT pelvic CT scans. Development and implementation of this initiative required multiple steps, including: establishing resident and faculty leadership, gathering evidence from published literature, cultivating multidisciplinary support, and developing and implementing an institution-wide ordering algorithm. A visual aid and brief questionnaire were distributed to clinicians for use during treatment of trauma cases to ensure sustainability of the initiative.At multiple time points, pre- and post-intervention, residents performed a retrospective chart review to evaluate changes in imaging-ordering trends for trauma patients. Chart review showed a decline in the number of PXRs for hemodynamically stable trauma patients, as recommended in the ordering algorithm: 78% of trauma patients received both a PXR and a pelvic CT scan in the first 24 hours of the initiative, compared with 26% at 1 month; 24% at 6 months; and 18% at 10 to 12 months postintervention. The resident-led radiology quality improvement initiative created a shift in ordering culture at an institutional level. Development and implementation of this algorithm exemplified the impact of a multidisciplinary collaborative effort involving multiple departments and multiple levels of the medical hierarchy.     

Blunt thoracic aortic injury in children

Thoracic aortic injury (TAI) in children secondary to blunt chest trauma is rare and less well documented than TAI in adults. To further establishe the incidence and radiographic manifestations of this severe injury, we reviewed our experimence with TAI in children over an 8-year period. We performed a computer search from the Trauma Registry at our level I trauma center for all cases of TAI among patients 16 years of age or younger who were admitted after sustaining blunt chest trauma between August 1984 and September 1992. We reviewed our records of all thoracic aortograms performed on children for blunt trauma during this same time period. Indication for angiography was determined by review of chest radiographs and medical records of all patients who underwent thoracic aortography. We reviewed medical records and all available chest radiographs, computed tomography (CT) examinations, and thoracic aortograms of children diagnosed with TAI. Of 308 children admitted with blunt chest trauma, 26 (8.4%) underwent angiography to exclude aortic or great vessel injury. Of these 26 patients, three (11.5%) were diagnosed with TAI, and one patient demonstrated a traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the proximal left subclavian artery. The incidence of TAI among children who sustained blunt chest trauma was 1.0% in our series. All three patients with TAI in our series were male, ages 10–12 (mean: 11 years). Chest radiographs on two of the patients with TAI revealed mediastinal widening, ill-defined aortic outline, shift of the trachea and nasogastric tube, and depression of the left main stem bronchus. The chest radiograph in one patient with TAI was technically inadequate. CT demonstrated abnormalities in two patients. Angiographic findings were similar to those seen in adults. TAI in children is rare, occurring in 1% of children sustaining blunt chest trauma in our series. Our findings support previous reports that the plain film, CT, and angiographic findings with this injury resemble those found in adults.     

Chronic Pelvic Pain due to Pelvic Congestion Syndrome: The Role of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a common cause of gynecologic referral. Pelvic congestion syndrome, which is said to occurs due to ovarian vein incompetence, is a recognized cause of CPP. The aim of this paper is to briefly describe the clinical manifestations, and to review the role of diagnostic and interventional radiology in the management of this probably under-diagnosed condition.     

Blunt traumatic abdominal aortic rupture: CT imaging

Blunt abdominal aortic trauma is a rare but potentially lethal event. It is commonly associated with high-speed motor vehicle accidents. Intimal flap, thrombosis, and pseudoaneurysm of the abdominal aorta are the more common findings. We present a case of blunt abdominal aortic trauma in which CT disclosed free aortic rupture with intraabdominal bleeding and a huge retroperitoneal hematoma, an extremely rare finding among patients reaching the hospital alive, due to its high and immediate mortality rate.