Prestige LP人工椎间盘置换治疗单节段颈椎病的近期疗效

目的：探讨应用Prestige LP人工椎间盘置换治疗单节段颈椎病的近期临床疗效。方法治疗单节段颈椎病患者15例,统计并分析患者术前和术后1、3、12个月随访时JOA评分、NDI脊髓功能评分、颈部及上肢疼痛VAS评分、置换节段活动度、颈椎运动范围、颈椎生理曲度等指标。结果神经系统症状均有不同程度改善,术后1、3个月及12个月时颈椎生理曲度较术前比均有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。术后1、3个月及12个月时颈椎的总活动度、置换节段活动度基本恢复至术前水平,二者无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。所有患者均未发生脊髓及神经根损伤、假体移位或异位骨化等并发症。结论应用Prestige LP人工椎间盘置换术治疗单节段颈椎间盘退变性疾病早期临床疗效良好,中远期疗效有待进一步观察。     

人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床观察

[目的]研究确定颈椎人工椎间盘置换术对脊髓型颈椎病的治疗效果。[方法]对2004年1月．2005年8月间于本院行颈椎人工间盘置换术的12例脊髓型颈椎病患者手术前后的Nurick分级，ONDI评分、颈项和上肢疼痛VAS评分进行比较评估，并采用Odom标准评价手术效果。[结果]本组患者术后Odom优良率达100％，术后Nurick分级、ONDI评分、颈项疼痛VAS评分、上肢疼痛VAS评分均较术前有显著意义的提升（P〈0．01）。[结论]对于1～2个节段的脊髓型颈椎病，颈椎人工椎间盘置换术在维持节段运动功能的同时可取得良好的神经减压效果。     

Failure of cervical arthroplasty in a patient with adjacent segment disease associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome

Cervical arthroplasty may be justified in patients with Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) in order to preserve cervical motion. The aim of this paper is to report an arthroplasty failure in a patient with KFS. A 36-year-old woman with KFS underwent two-level arthroplasty for adjacent segment disc degeneration. Anterior migration of the cranial prosthesis was encountered 5 months postoperatively and was successfully revised with anterior cervical fusion. Cervical arthroplasty in an extensively stiff and fused neck is challenging and may lead to catastrophic failure. Although motion preservation is desirable in KFS, the special biomechanical features may hinder arthroplasty. Fusion or hybrid constructs may represent more reasonable options, especially when multiple fused segments are present.     

No beneficial effects of joint distraction on early microscopical changes in osteoarthrotic knees

The rate of post-operative dislocation after primary total hip arthroplasty in 1739 cases was 3.3 per cent; 0.9 per cent being classified as recurrent dislocations. Malposition of the socket, limb shortening or any other single technical factors could not be demonstrated to be responsible for post-operative dislocation of the hip. A previous osteotomy predisposed for dislocation, but in no case was this dislocation classified as recurrent. Cases with a previous cervical-femoral fracture were significantly more commonly dislocated compared with coxarthrosis cases. This fact probably could be explained by a high rate of alcoholism in men and old age in women.     

Recurrent and Non-Recurrent Dislocation Following Total Hip Arthroplasty

The rate of post-operative dislocation after primary total hip arthroplasty in 1739 cases was 3.3 per cent; 0.9 per cent being classified as recurrent dislocations. Malposition of the socket, limb shortening or any other single technical factors could not be demonstrated to be responsible for post-operative dislocation of the hip. A previous osteotomy predisposed for dislocation, but in no case was this dislocation classified as recurrent. Cases with a previous cervical-femoral fracture were significantly more commonly dislocated compared with coxarthrosis cases. This fact probably could be explained by a high rate of alcoholism in men and old age in women.     

Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换治疗颈椎间盘突出症

目的 探讨Bryan人工颈椎间盘假体置换治疗颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效,总结其手术操作要点并分析有关并发症.方法 21例颈椎间盘突出症患者应用Bryan人工颈椎间盘进行颈椎间盘置换,术后常规予以非甾体类药物预防异位骨化.结果 所有患者术后症状明显缓解.术前和术后第1、12个月行JOA评分;摄术前和术后正侧、屈伸、左右侧屈位X线片,观察假体稳定性及置换颈椎节段的活动度.随访12～28个月,术后治疗效果Odom评级:优16例,良4例,可1例,优良率95.2%;JOA评分:术前平均7.9分(6～12分),术后第1个月平均14.1分(9～16分),第12个月平均15.7分(10～17分).置换节段术前和术后第1、12个月活动范围分别平均是:术前7.7°(5.8°～9.1°),术后1个月5.5°(3.9°～7.8°),术后12个月5.5°(4.0°～7.8°).末次随访未发现异位骨化、假体松动、脱落、下沉和颈椎生理曲度的改变.结论 Bryan人工颈椎间盘假体置换术治疗颈椎间盘突出症能明显缓解患者症状,维持颈椎近期正常活动范围和生理曲度,但远期疗效还需长期观察.     

Iatrogenic Contributions to Cervical Adjacent Segment Pathology: Review Article

Background

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is widely accepted as a predictably excellent procedure. On the other hand, adjacent level pathology following ACDF is a well-known phenomenon which undercuts surgical outcome. However, the extent to which ACDF accelerates this phenomenon in the naturally degenerating cervical spine is still to be understood.

Questions/Purposes

To summarize the current evidence concerning adjacent segment pathology in the light of biomechanics, natural history, postoperative course, and comparison between ACDF and total disc replacement (TDR).

Methods

This is a study of published articles. Articles were searched by the topic of adjacent disc pathology in cervical spine through Google Scholar and Pubmed. After review, 37 published articles were deemed suitable for the subject of this study.

Results

Biomechanical and clinical data strongly suggest that ASP is a presentation of the iatrogenically accelerated natural aging process of cervical spine. However, power study analysis with assumption showed that current RCTs are unlikely to prove this suggestion.

Conclusion

Available data suggests that iatrogenic factors play a significant role in adjacent segment pathology following ACDF.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11420-014-9409-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Bryan颈椎间盘假体置换治疗硬膜外型颈椎间盘突出症

目的探讨Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换应用于硬膜外型颈椎间盘突出症的手术技巧并评价其近期临床疗效。方法2005年2月~2005年12月,对5例硬膜外型颈椎间盘突出症患者实施前路减压 Bryan颈椎间盘假体置换术。术前摄颈椎正、侧位和动力位X线片,颈椎CT、MRI并进行颈椎病JOA评分。术后1周复查颈椎X线片以了解假体位置及其活动功能情况;复查颈椎MRI,了解颈段脊髓减压情况。本组病例均获随访3~13个月(平均7个月),分别于术后6周、3个月重新进行JOA评分。结果本组患者均完成单节段椎间盘置换,术后无神经、血管损伤等并发症发生;颈椎MRI示所有患者颈脊髓减压彻底,术后临床症状均显著改善;术后6周及3个月的JOA评分较术前有明显提高。至最后一次随访复查,手术节段活动度无明显丢失,假体均无偏移、下沉等。结论对硬膜外型颈椎间盘突出症行Bryan颈椎间盘假体置换术时,在满足假体骨床的前提下,仍可获得充分的颈脊髓减压。     

Factors Associated with Reoperation after Pyrocarbon Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty for the Arthritic Joint: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Introduction  The rate of reoperation after pyrocarbon proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty ranges from 5.9 to 37% and complications such as radiographic loosening, deformity, dislocation, and stiffness are common. Because of the limited amount of knowledge around these problems, we evaluated factors associated with reoperation after pyrocarbon PIP arthroplasty. Materials and Methods  We retrospectively included all adult patients that underwent primary PIP pyrocarbon implant arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system. A total of 45 patients, with a mean age of 55 (standard deviation: 14), underwent 66 PIP arthroplasties. To address for within individual correlations, we only included fingers treated at patients’ initial surgery ( n = 54) in our statistical analysis. These patients were predominantly diagnosed with noninflammatory arthritis 73% ( n = 33). Arthroplasty was performed upon 10 index, 22 middle, 20 ring, and 2 small fingers. Results  The reoperation rate after pyrocarbon PIP arthroplasty was 30% over a median follow-up of 25 months (interquartile range: 8.7–54). Indications for reoperation consisted of subluxation ( n = 6), stiffness ( n = 5), swan-neck deformity ( n = 3), and soft tissue complications ( n = 2). Younger age ( p = 0.025), male sex ( p = 0.017), and noninflammatory arthritis ( p = 0.038) were associated with a higher reoperation rate. Conclusion  In this study, our reoperation rate after pyrocarbon PIP arthroplasty was 30%. This study suggested that younger patients, males, and patients with noninflammatory arthritis are at higher risk of reoperation. We recommend considering these factors when selecting candidates for pyrocarbon arthroplasty. Future studies should focus on prospectively researching these factors in comparison with other implants.     

Predictors of (Un)successful Same-Day Discharge in Selected Patients Following Outpatient Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundIt is generally accepted that only selected patients are suitable for outpatient joint arthroplasty (OJA); however, no consensus exists on the optimal selection criteria. We believe patients undergoing OJA should undergo risk stratification and mitigation in an attempt to optimize quality and minimize costs.MethodsPatient factors of 525 patients who were selected to have primary elective unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (N = 158), total knee arthroplasty (N = 277), or total hip arthroplasty (N = 90) in an outpatient setting were retrospectively reviewed. A complete case multivariable logistic regression analysis of 440 patients was conducted to identify factors that were independently associated with (un)successful same-day discharge (SDD).ResultsOne hundred ten patients (21%) were not able to be discharged on the day of surgery. Charnley class B2 was associated with a higher chance of successful SDD (odds ratio [OR], 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12-0.72), whereas female gender (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-2.8), total knee arthroplasty (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.4), and a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical function score (ASA II: OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.3; ASA III: OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.1-13) were associated with a higher risk of unsuccessful SDD.ConclusionThese results in a preselected population suggest the need for further specifying and improving selection criteria for patients undergoing OJA and emphasize the importance of an in-hospital backup plan for patients at risk of unsuccessful SDD. Previous contralateral joint arthroplasty is a protective factor for successful SDD.     

Joint Replacement Access in 2016 : A Supply Side Crisis

Demand for primary and revision arthroplasty is expected to double in 10 years. Coincident with this is a decreased interest in arthroplasty by residents. Retirement of arthroplasty surgeons further threatens access. This study determines if supply will meet demand. Survey data were used to calculate the 2016 workforce. Demand in 2016 was estimated using the Nationwide Inpatients Sample. Between 2008 and 2016, 400 arthroplasty specialists and 1584 generalists will enter the workforce. By 2016, 1896 arthroplasty surgeons will retire using 65 years as a conservative retirement age, whereas 4239 will retire using 59 years as a baseline retirement age. In 2016, the model estimated a procedural shortfall ranging from 174?409 (↓18.6%) using conservative retirement assumptions (age, 65 years) to 1?177?761 (↓69.4%) using baseline retirement assumptions (age, 59 years). This economic model predicts a supply side crisis that threatens patient access to specialty care. Immediate steps to stimulate supply must be taken.     

Clinical and radiological results following cervical arthroplasty

Summary Background. This was a retrospective study of clinical and radiological results of cervical arthroplasty using the Bryan cervical disc prosthesis to evaluate the efficacy of arthroplasty in clinical applications. Methods. A total of 46 patients underwent arthroplasty of a single level using the Bryan disc prosthesis. Clinical outcome was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the neck disability index (NDI). All patients were evaluated using preoperative and postoperative static cervical spine radiographs to compare cervical sagittal balance. Dynamic cervical spine radiographs were used to compare movement at the level of the procedure, movement at the adjacent level and movement of the whole cervical spine. Findings. With the exception of four patients with aggravated neck pain, the NDI and VAS scores decreased significantly in late follow-up evaluations. The range of movement of the whole cervical spine, the functional segmental unit, and the adjacent segments were preserved after arthroplasty. The sagittal alignment of the cervical spine showed kyphosis after surgery but restored lordosis at a later time. The postulated cause of kyphotic changes include “over-milling” at the dorsal endplate, inappropriate angle of disc insertion, structural absence of lordosis in the Bryan disc, removal of posterior longitudinal ligament, and pre-existing kyphosis. Conclusions. Arthroplasty using the Bryan disc appears to be safe and provided a favorable preliminary clinical and radiological outcome. Postoperative kyphosis can be prevented by understanding the biomechanical properties of the Bryan disc. Future studies will need to address the association between postoperative kyphosis, clinical outcome and adjacent segment disease.     

单节段人工椎间盘置换治疗颈椎病的中长期疗效

目的:评价单节段颈椎人工椎间盘置换(cervical disc arthroplasty,CDA)对颈椎病的中长期治疗效果。方法:2003年12月～2005年12月采用前瞻、随机、对照研究单节段Bryan假体CDA与传统前路颈椎减压融合(ACDF)手术治疗颈椎病的疗效,所有患者均按统一的纳入、排除标准进入临床研究,共80例,随机分为两组,并进行均衡性检验,一组进行CDA手术,另一组进行ACDF手术,术后经1d、3个月、6个月、1年、2年、5年及2012年6月的末次随访。其中CDA组32例、ACDF组35例完成了随访,应用动力位X线片观察置换间隙活动度,采用McAfee异位骨化分级方法评定颈椎间盘置换术后异位骨化情况,在MRI T2加权像上采用Miyaza-ki颈椎间盘退变分级方法评定两组相邻节段椎间盘退变情况,采用颈椎活动障碍指数(NDI)和疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价术后症状改善程度。结果:本组病例随访7.2~9.6年,平均8.8年。CDA组假体位置良好,无塌陷或移位发生,末次随访时矢状面假体置换间隙活动度1.20°~8.20°,平均6.35°±1.45°;32例患者中8例(25%)置换间隙发生异位骨化,其中2例(6.25%)置换节段丧失活动度;翻修3例,1例因头侧邻近间隙退变、颈椎间盘突出压迫脊髓;2例因头侧跳跃间隙后方骨赘压迫脊髓;末次随访时置换间隙相邻的其他63个节段中22个椎间盘退变分级加重1级,8个加重2级,但无相关临床症状出现。ACDF组融合率100%,翻修3例,2例因头侧邻近间隙退变、存在神经症状;1例因尾侧邻近间隙退变,压迫脊髓;其余67个相邻节段中34个椎间盘退变分级加重1级,15个加重2级,但均无相关临床症状出现。末次随访时CDA组的NDI、颈部VAS及上肢VAS评分分别为16.83±3.12、1.17±0.41及1.96±0.51分,ACDF组分别为17.21±3.53、1.23±0.35及1.86±0.62分,较术前均显著改善,但两组间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:颈椎人工椎间盘置换术与ACDF手术治疗单节段颈椎病的中长期临床疗效间无显著性差异,颈椎人工椎间盘置换节段术后中长期可以保持一定活动度,相邻节段椎间盘退变情况好于ACDF组,可以作为单节段颈椎病的手术选择方式。     

Does Aseptic Revision Risk Differ for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients Who Have and Do not Have a Prior Primary or Revision Arthroplasty?

BackgroundWe sought to evaluate the risk of aseptic revision in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients who have and do not have a history of primary or revision arthroplasty of a different major joint.MethodsWe conducted a matched cohort study using data from Kaiser Permanente’s arthroplasty registries. Patients who underwent primary unilateral TKA (index knee) were identified (2009-2018). Two matches based on exposure history were performed: (1) 33,714 TKAs with a history of primary arthroplasty of a different joint (contralateral knee, either hip, and/or either shoulder) were matched to 67,121 TKAs without an arthroplasty history and (2) 597 TKAs with a history of aseptic revision in a different joint were matched to 1,190 TKAs with a history of a prior arthroplasty in a different joint, but without any revision. After the matches were performed, Cox regressions were used to evaluate aseptic revision risk of the index knee using the no history groups as the reference in regression models.ResultsNo difference in aseptic revision risk for the index knee was observed when comparing patients who had a prior primary arthroplasty in a different joint to those who did not have an arthroplasty history (hazard ratio = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.86-1.06). Those patients who did not have any prior aseptic revision history in a different joint had higher risk of aseptic revision in the index knee (hazard ratio = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.17-3.63).ConclusionPatients who had a prior revision history had over a 2-fold higher risk of aseptic revision in the index knee, warranting close surveillance of these patients.Level of EvidenceLevel III.     

Disease Progression After Unicompartmental Arthroplasty: Add a Compartment or Revise to Total Knee Arthroplasty?

BackgroundFive percent to 7% of unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (UKA) require revision for disease progression in untreated compartment(s), most commonly to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). TKA requires removal of bone and usually the anterior cruciate ligament. Preserving the UKA and converting to a bicompartmental arthroplasty (BCA) by performing a second UKA is an alternative.MethodsThe results of 73 UKA-BCA patients were compared to 75 patients treated by UKA-TKA revision. Knee Society, Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Joint Replacement, and patient satisfaction scores were collected by a blinded therapist. Patients were asked about their implant preference and recovery. Twenty-two UKA-BCA revision patients had a UKA (6) or TKA (16) in the contralateral knee; thus, a direct comparison of UKA-BCA to both UKA and TKA was possible.ResultsOf the UKA-BCA patients, 69 (94%) had excellent or good, 2 (3%) fair, and 2 (3%) poor outcomes with 1 patient requiring revision to TKA. Of patients with a TKA in the contralateral knee, 13 (81%) preferred the UKA-BCA replacement and 3 (19%) preferred the TKA. All patients said the UKA-BCA revision recovery was similar or easier than their initial UKA. Of UKA-TKA revisions, 59 (79%) had excellent or good, 9 (12%) fair, and 7 (9%) poor outcomes. There was 1 wound infection and 1 re-revision in the UKA-BCA group and 1 wound infection and 3 re-revisions in the UKA-TKA group. The Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Joint Replacement and Knee Society Scores were better for UKA-BCA compared to UKA-TKA.ConclusionUKA-BCA is a successful treatment for disease progression following UKA.