Influence of latent iron deficiency on generation of oxygen species in polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

Measurement of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) was employed to estimate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in patients with latent iron deficiency. There were no differences in the resting value of PMN CL among 20 patients with iron deficient erythropoiesis (2.92 + 0.38 number of pulses) and 20 normal controls (3.07 + 0.52; P greater than 0.05), but a significant decrease of peak value of PMN CL was observed in patients (45.82 + 7.41) as compared with controls (76.08 + 10.12; P less than 0.01). CL production by PMN in 6 patients with storage iron depletion was similar to that of 6 healthy controls. As a good correlation was found between the peak value of PMN CL and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) level, increase of FEP could serve as a clinical indicator in the evaluation of decrease of ROS generation in PMN of patients with iron deficiency. Oral iron supplementation could effectively improve the impaired PMN ROS generation.

     

Abnormalities of ion-exchange proteins of the red cell membrane in iron deficiency anemia.

The influences of iron deficiency on erythrocyte spanning membrane proteins, band 3 protein and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, were studied in the growing rats with iron deficient anemia. The main findings were (1) reduction of band 3 and increment of band 4.1 protein. (2) diminished rate constant of pyruvate-chloride exchange (Kp:Cl.h-1) of the erythrocytes and (3) significant decrease of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity only at the early stage of iron exhaustion. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between Kp:Cl.h-1 and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity both in iron deficient rats and in the controls. It is suggested that the composition and function of the erythrocyte spanning-membrane proteins for ion exchange could be affected by iron deficiency.

     

Does this elderly patient have iron deficiency anaemia,and what is the underlying cause?

Important implications for the recognition of iron deficiency anaemia include diagnosis and correction of underlying causes, most of which are identifiable, in the older patient, by means of conventional upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and by colonoscopy. The aetiological search may, however, have to be widened to include enteroscopic examination of the jejunum and ileum and, in some instances, investigation of potential non-gastrointestinal foci of chronic blood loss. A substantial minority may defy even the most thorough search for the underlying cause.     

Influence of iron deficiency on serum IgG subclass and pneumococcal polysaccharides specific IgG subclass antibodies.

The serum IgG subclass concentrations in 47 cases and specific IgG subclass antibodies against pneumococcal polysaccharides (PnPs) were measured in 18 cases with iron deficiency. IgG subclass deficiencies were found in 28 (59.6%) cases with the frequency in order as IgG4 (27.7%, 13 / 47), IgGl (21.3%, 10/47), IgG3 (14.9%, 7/47), and IgG2 (2.1%, 1 / 47). Compared with age-atched healthy children, the mean concentration of serum IgG4 and IgGl, and PnPs specific IgGl, IgG2 antibodies were decreased in children with iron deficiency. Decreased CD4 cells and CD4 / CD8 ratio in peripheral blood, low interleukin? (IL-6) activity, reduced lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness and increased recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI) were found in iron deticiency children. These results suggested that serum IgG subclass and PnPs specific IgG subclass antibody deficiencies caused by dysfunction of the regulation of T lymphocyte on B lymphocyte may be related to the susceptibility to RRTI in children with iron     

Mental deficiency

930201 A study of the comparison betweenhysteric-like episode cansed by Chinese Qigong(deep meditation)and hysteria with psychoso-cial stress.SHAN Huaihai(单怀海),et al.Shanghai Ment Health Center,200030.Chin JNerv & Ment Dis 1992;18(3):156—158.Twenty-two cases of hysteric-like episodecaused by Chinese Qi Gong were analyzed andcompared with the control group(hysteia withpsychosocial stress).The results showed that inthe study group,BPRS was 47.909±6.934(mean±SD),specific delusional idea 72.6%and specific behavioral disorders 73.3%,andthe averaged age at onset was higher than thatin the control group.There were some giffer-ences on hysteric character,family history,     

21.4.Mental deficiency

920201 Assessment of Hasegawa's demen-tia scale for screening and diagnosing de-mentia in the elderly.GAO Zhixu (高之旭),etal.Shanghai Ment Health Center,Shanghai,200030.Chin J Neurol & Psychiat 1991; 24 (5):258-261.A sample of 2573 elder inhabitants in Shanghai     

21.4.Mental deficiency

930413 Clinlcal study of mental disorders inpost—stroke patients.WANG Huanlin (王焕林),et al.102nd Hosp,PLA Changzhou,213003.Chin J Nerv & Ment Dis 1992;18(5):281—283.The mental disorder has been studied bymeans of DSM-Ⅱ diagnostic criteria in 104hospitalized stroke patients.The results re-vealed that the prevalence of mental disorderwas 46.2% in post-stroke patients.Theprevalence of poststroke depression (PSD),de-pressive neurosis (DN),multiple infarct demen-tia (MID),and post—stroke mania (PSM) were22.1%,11.5%,8.7%,and 3(?)8% respectively.It was indicated that the lesions of frontal cortexand left basal ganglia were strongly associated     

A study of haematological and bone marrow changes in symptomatic patients with human immune deficiency virus infection with special mention of?functional iron deficiency,anaemia of?critically ill and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Background

Haematological abnormalities are among the most common complications of HIV. These involve all lineages of blood cells. Bone marrow studies form integral part of complete workup of the HIV positive patients specially when they present as case of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO), refractory anaemia and pancytopenia.

Method

55 HIV infected symptomatic patient requiring bone marrow examination were included in the study. Relevant clinical history, baseline haematological investigations including full blood count, CD4 cell counts using flow cytometry were recorded.

Results

Median ANC values in males were found to be significantly lower than females (p = 0.046). CD4 cell count statistically significantly correlated with age, TLC, ANC & platelet count. Anaemia was present in 45 patients and out of which 66.66% patients had normocytic normochromic anaemia. Iron deficiency anaemia was present in (37.77%) patients and anaemia of chronic disease in (62.22%) patients. 2 patients had anaemia of the critically ill.Two patients had non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma (NHL) and showed lymphoma deposit in the bone marrow. Gelatinous degeneration was seen in 3 patients. Ill formed epithelioid cell granulomas were seen in 7 cases, and 2 cases were positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB). Haemophagocytosis was seen in 8 cases; two cases later diagnosed as a case of infection induced HLH. Leishmania donovani (LD) bodies seen in 2 cases.

Conclusions

Bone marrow study is an important investigation in HIV infected symptomatic patients with peripheral haematological abnormalities.     

Brain iron and neurological disorders.

ＢｒａｉｎｉｒｏｎａｎｄｎｅｕｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒｓＱｉａｎＺｈｏｎｇｍｉｎｇ钱忠明，ＷａｎｇＱｉｎ王沁ａｎｄＰｕＹｏｎｇｍｅｉ蒲咏梅ｒｏｎｐｌａｙｓａｎｅｓｅｎｔｉａｌｒｏｌｅｉｎｎｅｕｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｓｕｃｈａｓ...     

Mismatch repair deficiency in sporadic ovarian cancers

Mismatch repair deficiency in sporadic ovarian cancers@任舒月@杨滨@任常山...     

Northern infant syndrome: a deficiency state?

A syndrome is described that affected 16 Indian and Inuit infants roughly 3 months old, most of whom were born in settlements in the Canadian Arctic. The infants presented with a clinical picture that included hepatitis, hemolytic anemia, rickets and respiratory distress, a combination that resembled a syndrome first described in malnourished infants at the turn of the century by von Jaksch and Luzet. The clinical course was self-limited, and all the infants survived without sequelae. The cause of the syndrome was not determined; no infectious agents were discovered. However, low levels of vitamins A, C, D and E were found in a few infants in whom assays were done. The implications of these findings and their relation to the possible cause of this "northern infant syndrome" are discussed.     

Adult metachromatic leukodystrophy without deficiency of arylsulphatase.

An adult case of metachromatic leukodystrophy, proved by characteristic findings of the brain and superficial sural nerve biopsies, but with absence of deficiency of arylsulphatase A activity in the leucocytes, was reported. The long course of thirty years, the absence of deficiency of arylsulphatase A activity, the discrepancy between the normal conduction velocity of the peripheral nerves and the typical pathological findings of the superficial sural nerve under the light and electron microscopes and the significance of the diffuse hypodense areas and high intensity signals of the cerebral white matter on CT and MRI respectively, were discussed.

     

Testosterone supplementation for partial androgen deficiency in middle-aged men

Testosterone supplementation for partial androgen deficiency in middle-aged men@张志超$Dept Urol,Air Force General Hosp PLA,Beijing 100036     

Effects of zinc deficiency on the brain development in rats

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｚｉｎｃｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｏｎｔｈｅｂｒａｉｎｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎｒａｔｓＷｕＪｉａｈｕｉ（吴嘉惠）；ＲｅｎＲｏｎｇｎａ（任榕娜）；ＷｅｉＷｅｎ（魏文）；ＸｕＤｉｘｉｏｎｇ（徐迪雄）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰｅｄｉａｔｒｉ...     

Prevalence of growth hormone deficiency of children in Beijing.

103,753 (male 51,994, female 51,759) primary and middle school students aged 6-15 years in two districts in Beijing city were surveyed from October 1987 to April 1989. The heights of the students were measured. According to the height standard of northern cities in China, 202 students with heights below the 3rd percentile for age were requested for detailed history, physical examination, screening GH test bone age, T4, SGPT, chest X-ray, routine urine test and sex chromatin (in female). If GH less than 10 micrograms/L, two provocative tests (L-dopa or clonidine and insulin hypoglycaemia test) were done. Then the heights of the short students were observed for 1/2-2 years. GHD was diagnosed in 12 cases based on the GH peak levels less than 10 micrograms/L in two provocative tests, whose growth velocity was slower than that for students of the same age and sex. Of these subjects with GHD, total GHD (GH less than 5 micrograms/L) was present in 7 and partial GHD (GH = 5-9.9 micrograms/L) in 5. The 12 GHD students (male 9, female 3) aged 8.9-15.7 years accounted for 1/8,646 in the total surveyed students. The male and female GHD accounted for 1/5,777 and 1/17,253 in the total males and females respectively.

     

Incremental iron overload during reperfusion progressively augments oxidative injury.

ＩＮＣＲＥＭＥＮＴＡＬＩＲＯＮＯＶＥＲＬＯＡＤＤＵＲＩＮＧＲＥＰＥＲＦＵＳＩＯＮＰＲＯＧＲＥＳＳＩＶＥＬＹＡＵＧＭＥＮＴＳＯＸＩＤＡＴＩＶＥＩＮＪＵＲＹＪｉａｎＹｅａｎｄＥｄｗａｒｄＪ．ＬｅｓｎｅｆｓｋｙＯｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ．Ｔｏｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｉｆ...     

17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-3 deficiency in disorder of sex development

A 29 years old patient, claimed to be a male, presented to us with pubertal gender swing from female to male. Since birth he was reared as a female child. His breasts, axillary hairs and pubic hairs developed at about 11-12 years of age. At that time he also observed the mental and physical changes towards a male. He began to feel sexual attraction towards females due to enlargement of his phallus and he preferred to behave as a male. The patient further noticed deepening of voice as well as appearance of facial hairs at about 15 years of age. He never experienced menstruation. His parents are first degree cousins. On examination, there was facial hairs in upper lip and chin (G3), breasts were in mature stage (B5), pubic hairs were darker, coarser and curlier and spreading sparsely (P3), and stretched dorsal phallic length was 6cm. In perineoscrotal area, there was hypospadias with blind vaginal pouch, partially fused, pigmented & ruggated bilateral labio-scrotal folds and soft palpable ellipsoid gonads measuring about 8 ml (each) in volume within labio-scrotal folds. Ultrasound examination revealed no uterus and karyotyping test found 46XY. Provisionally, he was diagnosed as a case of 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development (DSD). On further investigations, serum testosterone was low, serum LH and DHEA were raised and serum electrolytes were normal. From history, physical examination and investigations we diagnosed the case as 46,XY DSD due to 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-3 deficiency.     

A novel mutation in a patient with congenital coagulation factor Ⅻ deficiency

Human coagulation factor Ⅻ(FⅫ),also called Hageman factor,is a plasma plycoprotein that is functionally deficient in individuals with Hageman trait:which is an inhefited trait discovered by chance during preoperative blood coagulation screening tests.FⅫ is a single-chain 596-amino-acid zymogen of a serine protease with an approximate molecular weight of 80 000.     

Immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections.

With monoclonal antibodies serum immunoglobulin G(IgG) subclasses were measured in seventy children aged 2 to 13 years with recurrent respiratory tract infections including upper respiratory tract infections, otitis media, sinusitis, asthmatic bronchitis and pneumonia. 211 healthy, aged-matched children served as control. IgG subclass deficiency was found in 19 out of the 70 patients (27.1%, single IgG1 deficiency in 7, IgG2 deficiency in 4, combined IgG1-IgG3 deficiency in 5, IgG1-IgG2-IgG3-IgG4 deficiency, IgG1-IgG2-IgG4 deficiency and IgG2-IgG4 deficiency each in 1). The incidence of IgG subclass deficiencies was in the sequence as follows: IgG1, 20%; IgG2, 10%; IgG3, 8.6% and IgG4, 4.3%. The results suggest that IgG subclass deficiency indicate a common disorder in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections.