了哥王石油醚部位化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的 对苗药了哥王[Wikstroemia indica(L.)C.A.Mey]石油醚部位中的化学成分进行研究.方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、中压ODS柱色谱、制备HPLC等多种分离纯化手段,对了哥王乙醇提取后石油醚萃取部位的化学成分进行分离、纯化,通过各化合物的理化性质和波谱数据确定化...     

阿尔泰金莲花化学成分的研究(Ⅰ)

目的研究阿尔泰金莲花的化学成分.方法利用色谱手段分离化学成分,用理化常数和波谱技术鉴定结构.结果分离鉴定了6个化合物:β-谷甾醇(1)、藜芦酸(2)、琥珀酸(3)、香草酸(4)、柯伊利素(5)、荭草苷(6).结论 6个化合物均为首次从该植物中得到,其中琥珀酸、香草酸、柯伊利素为该属植物中首次报道.     

中药了哥王研究进展

目的对中药了哥王的化学成分和药理作用等方面研究做一系统概述。方法通过系统查阅国内外发表的30余篇文献,对其化学成分和药理作用等方面研究进行了总结归纳。结果了哥王主要含有香豆素类、黄酮类、木脂素类等多种化学成分。具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、抗癌等药理作用。临床用于上呼吸道感染、肝炎、乳腺炎等病症的治疗。结论本文旨在为中药了哥王的进一步开发利用提供一定参考。     

Phenolic compounds of the genera Glycyrrhiza L. and Meristotropis Fisch. et Mey. (review)

Data for 280 phenolic compounds from closely related plants of the genera Glycyrrhiza and Meristotropis were compiled completely for the first time. The biochemical classification of these compounds was given. Issues of their chemical structure and chemical systematics were discussed. Promising areas for further study and practical application of plants from these genera were identified. __________ Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 41, No. 7, pp. 30–52, July, 2007.     

HPLC法测定中药了哥王中伞形花内酯的含量

目的建立测定了哥王中伞形花内酯(umbelliferone)含量的HPLC法。方法色谱柱:伊利特-C18柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相:甲醇-水-四氢呋喃-冰乙酸(体积比为20.0∶75.0∶5.0∶0.6),检测波长:324 nm,柱温:40℃,流速:1.0 mL.min-1。结果伞形花内酯质量浓度在0.6~24.0mg.L-1内线性关系良好(r=0.9998)。伞形花内酯的平均回收率为98.5%,RSD为1.9%。结论该方法适用于了哥王药材的质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定了哥王中芹菜素和山奈酚的含量

目的建立同时测定了哥王中芹菜素和山奈酚含量的方法。方法采用HPLC法。色谱柱为Diamonsil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-体积分数为0.4%磷酸-四氢呋喃(体积比40∶50∶10),流速为1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长为365 nm,柱温为35℃。结果芹菜素和山奈酚质量浓度分别在3.00~60.0 mg.L-1、0.347~6.94 mg.L-1内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率分别为100.2%(RSD=0.95%)和99.4%(RSD=1.0%)。结论该方法准确,重复性好,适用于了哥王药材的质量控制。     

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the oil fractions from wild carrot (Daucus carota ssp. carota)

Abstract

Context: Wild carrot, Daucus carota L. ssp. carota (Apiacae), is widely distributed throughout the world and has various uses in traditional medicine in Lebanon.

Objective: The present study aimed to fractionate and analyze the chemical composition of the Daucus carota oil extract (DCOE) fractions and to evaluate their antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties in vitro and in vivo.

Materials and methods: DCOE was chromatographed on silica gel column to produce four fractions: pentane (F1), 50:50 pentane:diethyl ether (F2), diethyl ether (F3), and 93:7 chloroform: methanol (F4). Qualitative and quantitative analyses of oil fractions were performed by GC-MS and HPLC techniques. The in vitro antioxidant properties were assessed using DPPH, FIC, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The hepatoprotective property was determined by examining the levels of serum markers (alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)) and hepatic antioxidant (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)) enzymes in CCl₄-intoxicated mice pretreated with intraperitoenal 50, 100, or 200?mg/kg b.w. of the oil fractions for 5?d.

Results: GCMS analysis of F2 revealed the presence of 2-himachalen-6-ol (61.4%) which is reported for the first time in Daucus carota species. F3 and F4 were rich in phenolics and flavonoids and demonstrated significant DPPH activity (IC₅₀?=?0.29 and 0.38?mg/ml, respectively) and high FRAP values (225.11 and 437.59?µmol FeSO₄/g, respectively). The sesquiterpene-rich fraction F1 had the highest FIC ability (IC₅₀?=?0.28?mg/ml). Pretreatment with F1 and F4 reversed the CCl₄-induced decrease in SOD, CAT, and GST levels and reduced significantly hepatic damage.

Discussion and conclusion: The current results suggested that wild carrot oil fractions exhibited a unique chemical composition and possessed significant antioxidant activities as well as hepatoprotective effects against CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity.     

肉苁蓉多糖的超声提取及含量分析

目的　从肉苁蓉中提取多糖并测定其含量。方法　采用超声法提取 ,分光光度法测定多糖含量。结果　肉苁蓉中多糖含量 13.2 2 % ,平均回收率为97.36 % ,RSD =1.2 8% (n =5 )。结论　超声法提取多糖 ,速度加快 ,收率提高     

Antioxidant,cytoprotective and antibacterial effects of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaves

The present study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant, cytoprotective and antibacterial effects of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Sea buckthorn) (SBT) leaves by using various invitro systems and analysis of marker compounds by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The chemical composition of the leaf extracts was quantified by colorimetric reaction in terms of total phenol and flavonoids contents. Further, some of its bioactive phenolic constituents, such as quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol and isorhamnetin were also quantified in both SBT leaf extracts by RP-HPLC. The SBT leaf extracts exhibited potent antioxidant activity determined by 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Further, both extracts were observed to have cytoprotective activity against hydrogen peroxide and hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase induced damage to BHK-21 cell line. The SBT leaf extracts showed growth inhibiting effect against Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. These observations suggest that aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Sea buckthorn leaves have marked antioxidant, cytoprotective and antibacterial activities.     

HPLC法同时测定了哥王中罗汉松脂酚和牛蒡子苷元的含量

目的建立同时测定了哥王中罗汉松脂酚和牛蒡子苷元含量的方法。方法采用HPLC法。色谱柱:依利特C18柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相:甲醇-水(体积比为45∶55),流速:1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长:280 nm,柱温:30℃。结果罗汉松脂酚和牛蒡子苷元质量浓度分别在10.0~200.0(r=0.999 8)、5.00~100.0 mg.L-1(r=0.999 7)内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率分别为99.6%(RSD=2.3%)和100.6%(RSD=2.6%)。结论该方法适用于了哥王药材的质量控制。     

银杏叶提取成分及其单体对脑缺血的保护作用

目的综述了银杏叶提取物和单体抗脑缺血的体内外实验研究及其神经保护作用的自由基机制。方法根据近年国内外公开发表的有关研究论文 ,按整体动物脑缺血的实验模型以及体外培养的神经细胞缺血缺氧实验模型的顺序 ,重点讨论银杏叶提取物、黄酮苷、萜烯内酯和单体内酯这几种成分。同时从药物对自由基的影响方面进行了机制的分析。结果与结论各种成分对实验动物的体内外脑缺血缺氧模型均有不同程度的神经保护作用 ,它们对自由基的影响可能是其抗脑缺血的作用机制之一。     

Antioxidant activities of bark extract from mangroves, Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume and Ceriops decandra Perr

Objectives:

The antioxidant activities of two Indian mangrove plants, Bruguiera cylindrica and Ceriops decandra, were investigated.

Materials and Methods:

Total phenolics and total flavonoid contents of the mangroves were determined using folin-ciocalteu reagent method and aluminium chloride method, respectively. Antioxidant capacity was assessed by the following methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH.) quenching assay; 2,2’- azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS.⁺) cation decolorization test; scavenging capacity towards hydroxyl ion radicals (.OH); reductive capacity; and antihemolytic activity.

Results:

The mangroves yielded 233.3 ± 0.062 and 283.31 ± 0.04 mg gallic acid equivalent/g phenolic contents and 11.6 ± 0.12 and 15.1 ± 0.02 mg quercetin equivalent/g flavonoid contents. The methanol extracts of both mangroves exhibited high antiradical activity against DPPH., ABTS.⁺, and .OH radicals. The reductive capacity of the extracts increased with increasing concentration of samples. The extracts also inhibited H₂O₂ induced hemolysis in cow blood erythrocytes. The antioxidant activities were found stronger than that of the reference standard, butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT). The antioxidant activity of mangrove plants was correlated with total phenolics and flavonoid contents.

Conclusion:

Both plants can be considered as good sources of natural antioxidants for medicinal uses. Further studies are necessary to isolate active principles responsible for the overall antioxidant activity of the extracts.     

Triterpenoids of Plants of Glycyrrhiza L. and Meristotropis Fisch. et Mey Genuses (A Review)

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal -     

沙蓬化学成分的分离与鉴定(Ⅱ)

目的对沙蓬地上部分体积分数70%乙醇提取物的水层和乙酸乙酯层萃取物的化学成分进行研究。方法采用反复硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱和半微量制备高效液相色谱分离纯化,根据ESI-MS、EI-MS、1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱学数据进行结构鉴定。结果从体积分数为70%乙醇提取物中分离得到9个单体化合物,分别鉴定为生物碱类化合物N-(4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)acetamide(1)、N-(4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-phenyl)formamide(2)、扑热息痛[p-(acetylamino)phenol,3]、N-(3-chloro-4-hydroxylphenyl)acetamide(4)、N-(2,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide(5)和N-(2,3,5-trichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide(6),2个异黄酮类化合物aya-menin A(7)和irisone B(8),1个酚苷类化合物水扬苷(salicin,9)。结论化合物2为新化合物,化合物1为新天然产物,化合物4～6为扑热息痛(3)的3种新光解产物,化合物7、8为首次从藜科植物中分离得到,化合物9为首次从沙蓬属植物中分离得到。     

中药黄蜀葵花化学成分的分离与鉴定(Ⅱ)

目的研究中药黄蜀葵(Abelmoschus manihot(L.)Medic.)花的化学成分,为进一步开发利用该植物资源提供依据。方法采用正相硅胶、反相ODS、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱以及高效液相色谱等手段进行分离纯化,并通过理化性质与光谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果从黄蜀葵花体积分数为95%的乙醇提取物的大孔吸附树脂洗脱物中分离鉴定了9个以槲皮素为母核的黄酮类化合物,分别为槲皮素(quercetin,1)、金丝桃苷(hyperoside,2)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,3)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-6″-乙酰葡萄糖苷(quercetin-3-O-β-D-6″-acetylglucopyr-anoside,4)、槲皮素-3-O-刺槐糖苷(quercetin-3-O-robinoside,5)、槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷(quercetin-3-O-rutinoside,6)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-木糖基-(1→2)-β-D-半乳糖苷(quercetin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside,7)、槲皮素-3′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(quercetin-3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,8)以及槲皮素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,9)。结论化合物4、5、7和9为首次从秋葵属植物中分离得到。     

Antiproliferative,Antioxidant, and Antimutagenic Activities of Flavonoid-Enriched Extracts from (Tunisian) Rhamnus alaternus L.: Combination with the Phytochemical Composition

A pronounced antiproliferative effect on human leukemia K562 cells was shown with flavonoid-enriched extracts from Rhamnus alaternus roots and leaves, with, respectively, IC₅₀ values of 165 and 210.73 μg/mL. High DPPH radical-scavenging activity (7.21 and 18.84 μg/mL, respectively) and antioxidative effects using the xanthine oxidase assay (IC₅₀ values of 83.33 and 103.96 μg/mL, respectively) were detected in the presence of the two tested extracts. Although no mutagenic effect was observed when using the Salmonella typhimurium assay system with TA1535 and TA100 strains, the two tested extracts exhibited a high-level protection toward the direct mutagen, sodium azide–induced response.     

Toxic effects of solstitialin A 13-acetate and cynaropicrin from Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae) in cell cultures of foetal rat brain.

Extracts of the aerial parts of the yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) were prepared using petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol and toxicity assessed in primary cell cultures of striatum, frontal cortex and mesencephalon, containing the substantia nigra or raphe nucleus from the brain of the foetal rat. Chloroform extracts significantly reduced the percentage of live cells whereas the petroleum ether extract was inactive. The ability of the methanol extract to reduce the percentage of live cells could not be distinguished from the effects of the vehicle controls for methanol. Subsequently, the plant material was extracted with dichloromethane and 10 fractions were obtained by column chromatography. Fractions 5, 6, 7 and 8 caused concentration-dependent cell death in the culture of substantia nigra, the other fractions were not toxic at the concentrations used. In further studies, solstitialin A was isolated from fraction 9, solstitialin A 13-acetate from fraction 6 and solstitialin A-3 acetate and cynaropicrin from fraction 7. Solstitialin A 13-acetate and cynaropicrin were toxic to cultures of substantia nigra cells. It is concluded that, of the compounds identified, solstitialin A 13-acetate and cynaropicrin have toxic potential in cell cultures, containing cells from the substantia nigra of the rat, the specificity of action to cells of the substantia nigra remains to be shown, and that a toxic action in the midbrain may contribute to the nigro-pallidal encephalomalacia, caused by the ingestion of the yellow star thistle by horses.     

Antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz (wild service tree) fruits

In this study, the antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz fruits were evaluated. Total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothioazoline-6-sulfonic acid), 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and superoxide anion radicals scavenging activities and ferric-reducing antioxidant power of water, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts were determined for the measurement of the antioxidant activity. Quercetin and α-tocopherol were used as standard antioxidants. The inhibitory effect of the water extract on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was evaluated using the Ellman method and galantamine was used as a standard. Water extract had the highest total phenolic concentration and the strongest antioxidant activity followed by ethyl acetate and acetone extracts whereas methanol extract has the lowest phenolics and weakest antioxidant activity. Moreover, water extract showed moderate ability to inhibit AChE. It was concluded that fruits of S. torminalis have antioxidant and anti-AChE activities and that the plant might be a natural source of antioxidants and AChE inhibitors.     

Comparative study of the essential oils and extracts of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. and Achillea santolina L. (Asteraceae) from Egypt

Essential oils obtained by steam distillation from the aerial parts of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. and the flower, leaf and stem of A. santolina L. as well as their lipophilic constituents obtained by solvent extraction were analysed using GLC and GLC-mass spectrometry. Nineteen constituents in the essential oil of A. fragrantissima were identified, in addition to 41 compounds from its n-hexane-ether extract. The hydrodistilled oil and the solvent extract contain santolina alcohol, artemisia alcohol, artemisia ketone, cis-thujone and trans-thujone as major constituents. In A. santolina altogether 54 volatile components were detected. The major components were 1,8-cineole, fragranol, fragranyl acetate and terpin-4-ol. Furthermore, the essential oils and the n-hexane-ether extracts of the two plants were screened for their antimicrobial activity.