连续1052例冠心病手术无死亡的临床经验

目的 总结冠心病外科治疗无死亡的临床经验.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至2010年3月在阜外医院完成冠心病外科手术治疗1052患者例临床资料.结果 全组950例(90.3％)行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术( OPCAB),102例(9.7％)行体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(on-pump CABG).术前患者EuroScore( 3.4±2.6)分,＞6分者127例(12.0％).平均旁路移植血管为(3.2±0.9)支,术后平均住院(7.7±2.5)天.术后并发症包括二次开胸探查14例,呼吸道感染8例,心功能不全IABP支持6例,急性肾功能不全5例.全组患者住院期间无死亡,均治愈出院.结论 制定个体化治疗措施,加强围术期管理,结合技术创新,冠心病手术结果满意.     

70岁以上高龄患者冠心病的外科治疗

目的　比较 41例 70岁以上高龄冠心病患者两种手术方法的治疗结果。方法　回顾性分析 2 0 0 0年 12月至 2 0 0 2年 1月间 41例冠状动脉旁路移植术病例 ,分为非体外循环下和体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术两组 ,前组 17例 ,采用胸骨正中切口 ,在非体外循环下完成手术 ;后组2 4例 ,常规建立体外循环 ,在心脏停跳下完成手术。结果　两组间性别、年龄、陈旧性心肌梗塞病史、不稳定性心绞痛、合并高血压和高脂血症 ,平均每例冠状动脉病变等无统计学差异 ,但平均每例旁路移植分别为 2 .1支与 3 .2支 ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。两组均无手术死亡。随访 1～ 11个月 ,前组 2例 (11.8% ) ,后组 3例 (12 .5 % )复发心绞痛 ,两组病例随访期间均无死亡。结论　非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术安全可行 ,近期疗效确切 ,有一定的优越性 ,但不能完全取代常规体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术     

冠心病患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后新发房颤与血清微小RNA-146a、微小RNA-499的关系

目的:探讨血清微小RNA(miR)-146a、miR-499与冠心病患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)后新发房颤的关系。方法:选取郑州大学第一附属医院2019年8月至2021年8月收治的118例冠心病患者作为研究对象,所有患者均行OPCABG术治疗,术后接受为期7 d观察,将观察期间发生房颤患者纳入发生组...     

术前置入主动脉内球囊反搏对高危冠状动脉旁路移植术患者预后的影响

目的比较高危冠心病患者术前预防性置入主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)和被动紧急置入IABP对临床预后的影响. 方法 35例接受冠状动脉旁路移植手术同时需接受IABP置入的患者,根据置入的时机不同分为两组.术前置入组 接受术前预防性置入IABP;对照组术中或术后接受紧急置入IABP.比较两组围术期死亡率、心肌梗死发生率、术后心功能不全和需要正性肌力药物辅助的程度、IABP使用的时间、术后呼吸机辅助时间和重症监护治疗病房(ICU)停留时间. 结果术前置入组围手术期死亡率和心肌梗死发生率分别为11.1%和0%,较对照组低(65.4%,50%;P＝0.007,0.013);两组呼吸机辅助通气时间、IABP使用时间、术后需正性肌力药物辅助时间以及术后平均住ICU时间差别均有显著性意义(P＜0.05). 结论术前预防性置入IABP能降低围术期死亡率、心肌梗死发生率,减少对正性肌力药物的需要量和缩短住ICU时间.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗重症冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病

目的探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗重症冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的可行性. 方法回顾分析2002年1月～12月37例重症冠心病的临床资料.均采用全麻,胸骨正中切口,游离左乳内动脉及大隐静脉.心脏稳定器局部固定心肌,显露目标冠状动脉,切开后置入冠状动脉内血液分流器.一般先做左乳内动脉与左冠状动脉前降支的吻合,其余血管桥先做桥血管与主动脉的近心端吻合,然后再做桥血管与冠状动脉的吻合. 结果全组病例均在非体外循环下完成手术,搭桥1～6支,(3.2±0.5)支.术后10 d死亡1例,其余36例未发生围术期心肌梗死,无呼吸功能不全、肾功能不全、脑血管意外等严重并发症. 结论在成熟的手术技术和严格的围手术期管理的条件下,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗重症冠心病可行.     

左心室功能明显减退患者的冠状动脉旁路术

目的 探讨左心室功能明显减退患者的冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的外科治疗效果。方法 回顾分析2000年12月至2002年12月对心肌梗死或长期慢性心肌缺血造成心室功能明显减退的45例冠心病患者进行CABG的相关资料。结果 42例联合应用左乳内动脉与前降支吻合。人均旁路移植3.3(1～5)支,无手术死亡。术后随访2～23个月,LVEF21.3％～65％,平均(42.7±5.9)％,与术前相比提高9％～24％(P<0.05);LVEDD55.2～64.6 mm,平均(54.7±3.8)mm。与术前相比,无明显变化(P>0.05);心绞痛完全消失39例,活动耐力增加。随访期间死亡2例。结论 左心室功能明显减退的冠心病患者,CABG手术成功率和近期效果满意,生活质量明显提高。术前合理选择病例、术中充分的再血管化和良好的围手术期处理是手术成功的关键。     

主动脉内球囊反搏在低射血分数患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中应用的必要性探讨

目的探讨对低射血分数患者施行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, OPCAB)预防性应用主动脉内球囊反搏(intraaortic balloon pump, IABP)辅助的必要性. 方法 2001 年1 月～2004年10月对64例低射血分数(LVEF≤40%)施行OPCAB,将64例分为2组:术前或术中预防性应用IABP辅助者列为IABP组,共19例;未应用IABP者列为对照组,共45例. 结果 IABP组与对照组在术后并发症手术死亡、脑血管意外、肾功能衰竭衰血滤、围手术期心肌梗死等方面无显著差异(χ2=0.000,P=1.000).IABP组术后需要延长呼吸机带机时间(超过24 h)的比例显著高于对照组(IABP组8例,对照组3例; χ2=9.429,P=0.002);IABP组术后监护时间延长(超过48 h)的比例显著高于对照组(IABP组14例,对照组19例; χ2=4.110,P=0.043). 结论在无IABP辅助的情况下,为低射血分数患者实施OPCAB手术是可行的.     

激光心肌血运重建术治疗危重冠心病的临床分析

目的总结激光心肌血运重建术(TMLR)治疗心功能低下的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后患者的早期临床效果. 方法 103例行TMLR的冠心病患者,根据TMLR术前心功能情况和是否做过CABG,分为3组.心功能低下组11例,左心室射血分数(LVEF)<0.40;二次手术组9例,CABG术后行TMLR;对照组83例,LVEF正常. 均在心脏不停跳下行TMLR.术中采用食管超声心动图(TEE)证实营造透壁性孔道.观察术后早期患者临床情况,随访心绞痛和心功能的改善情况. 结果心功能低下组和二次手术组术后心功能低下、心肌梗死、早期并发症的发生与对照组比较无明显差别,3组患者术后心绞痛均较术前明显改善(P＜0.05),LVEF较术前增高(P＜0.05). 结论 TMLR治疗心功能低下和CABG后患者是安全有效的.针对不同患者采用不同的治疗方法,可降低心功能低下和CABG后患者的手术风险.     

川崎病冠状动脉病变及搭桥手术

目的 探讨川崎病后严重冠状动脉病变及搭桥手术（ＣＡＢＧ）后的近期及远期效果。方法随访发现,６例川崎病后严重冠状动脉病变的病儿均有左冠状动脉前降支（ＬＡＤ）病变,右冠状动脉（ＲＣＡ）病变５例,左冠状动脉回旋支（ＬＣＸ）病变３例,左冠状动脉主干（ＬＭＴ）病变２例,心肌梗死３例。共行１５支ＣＡＢＧ;单支２例,３支３例,４支１例;左胸廓内动脉（ＬＩＴＡ）至ＬＡＤ６例;右胸廓内动脉（ＲＩＴＡ）至ＬＡＤ１例。     

左回旋支先天缺如患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗冠状动脉狭窄1例

<正>患者女,61岁,因"反复活动后胸骨后闷痛伴胸闷6个月,加重3天"入院。无放射痛,休息或含服硝酸甘油后10min可缓解,入院前3天起症状发作较前频繁。既往有高血压病史。查体:血压160 mmHg/90 mmHg,心、肺、腹部查体未见异常。     

高危患者主动脉内球囊反搏辅助下不停跳冠脉搭桥体会

目的探讨严重冠状动脉三支血管病变（狭窄〉75％）的高危患者在主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）辅助下行非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术的安全性。方法回顾2002年1月至2007年12月间27例高危冠心病患者,在IABP支持下行非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术临床资料。结果本组患者冠状动脉造影均提示严重三支血管病变,15例合并左主干病变（狭窄〉75％）,均属高危（EuroSeore〉6分）,无术中死亡、术后死亡1例,搭桥2～7支、平均（3．2&#177;1．1）支。结论对于冠脉严重三支血管病变高危病例,在预先置入IABP的辅助下可以安全地施行非体外循环下的冠脉搭桥术。     

Massive coronary spasm of the native coronary system after coronary artery bypass grafting: Two patients with different outcomes

We report the cases of two patients who developed a massive spasm of the native coronary system in the immediate postoperative period, following a coronary artery bypass grafting operation with different outcomes. The first patient was hemodynamic stable and it was manifested as ischemic electrocardiographic changes in different leads (ST elevation or depression). He was treated with intracoronary and intravenous administration of nitroglycerin and calcium channel blocker and had a favorable outcome. The second patient died due to multiorgan failure and hemorrhagic shock, after the implantation of a central venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.     

Use of levosimendan in patients with ischemic heart disease following mechanical reperfusion

Cardiac failure is among the most significant conditions associated with acute coronary syndrome. In ischemic heart disease, serious hemodynamic problems are reported in patients with left ventricular dysfunction during the acute phase despite mechanical revascularization. Several positive inotropic agents in addition to intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) are required to support patients with impaired left ventricular pump function during this phase. Intravenous inotropic agents, beta-mimetics, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors lead to increases in the incidence of arrhythmia and myocardial O₂ consumption owing to their effect of increasing intracellular calcium amount, although they produce rapid hemodynamic improvements in cardiac failure. This causes severe problems particularly in cardiac failure of ischemic origin. Recently, levosimendan, a calcium-sensitizing agent with cardioprotective properties, is being used alone or in combination with IABP in cases with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction during mechanical revascularization procedures (percutaneous coronary interventions, coronary bypass surgery). This review includes studies with levosimendan in cases not recovering due to myocardial stunning in the acute phase despite mechanical approaches applied.     

Early and late outcome after coronary artery bypass surgery in diabetic patients

Objective. To determine the impact of diabetes on outcome after coronary artery bypass surgery. Design. We matched 866 diabetic patients with non-diabetic controls in regards to gender, age, left ventricular ejection fraction, body mass index, presence of unstable angina and history of myocardial infarction, and day of surgery. The 30-d mortality and morbidity were evaluated with univariate analysis and survival and freedom from cardiac death were assessed with the Kaplan–Meier method. Results. Follow-up time was 69±37 months. The 30-d mortality was 2.0% in the diabetic group and 1.0% in the non-diabetic group (p=0.15). Postoperative morbidity did not differ between groups. Cumulative 5- and 10-year survival rates were 89 and 71% in diabetics and 94 and 84% in non-diabetics (p=0.001). During follow-up, there was no difference between groups in regards to repeat revascularization. Conclusions. The 30-d mortality was equally low in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with severe coronary artery disease. However, long-term survival was significantly lower in the diabetic group than in the non-diabetic group.     

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with significant left ventricular dysfunction

Objective  Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is known to preserve left ventricular function better than conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CCAB). This study was carried out to investigate the safety, feasibility and efficacy of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with significant left ventricular dysfunction. Methods  Three hundred and eighty eight consecutive patients with preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 39% who underwent CABG between January 2001 through October 2007 were included in this retrospective study. Two hundred and eleven patients were operated by off-pump technique (group 1) and 178 patients were operated by on-pump technique (CCAB) (group 2). The postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Of these, 204 (52.57%) patients were diabetics, 355 (91.49%) patients had documented prior myocardial infarction, 316 (81.44%) patients were in canadian cardiovascular society(CCS) class III and 47 (12.11%) patients were in CCS class IV. Results  There was no significant difference in the number of grafts per patient between the two groups [group 1 3.02 ± 0.76 vs group 2 3.18 ± 0.72 (P=0.07) and the index of completeness of revascularization was comparable [1.08 ± 0.08) (OPCAB) vs 1.04 ± 0.06 (CCAB) (p=0.52)] The left internal thoracic artery was anastomosed to left anterior descending artery in 98% of patients. Operative mortality was 2.8% (6 deaths) following OPCAB and 3.93% (7 deaths) following CCAB (p=0746). Postoperative usage of IABP support was higher in CCAB group (12 patients vs 4 patients: P<0.03) and usage of moderate or higher doses of inotropic support was also higher in the conventional group (p<0.0006). More worsening of preexisting renal insufficiency was observed in CCAB group (p=0.01) and no significant difference in the incidence of atrial fibrillation was observed between the groups. Conclusions  Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting is feasible and safe in patients with depressed left ventricular function and the postoperative morbidity was less in OPCAB group compared to on-pump group.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后症状复发患者的旁路移植血管状态评估

目的总结冠状动脉旁路移植术后症状复发患者的临床特点,探讨并分析旁路移植血管造影检查结果.方法回顾性收集2008年1月至2018年12月间1136例冠状动脉旁路移植术后症状复发患者的临床资料.其中男868例,女268例;年龄(62.5±8.7)岁,≥65岁485例(42.7%).合并高血压852例(75.0%),高脂血症548例(48.2%),糖尿病524例(46.1%),有吸烟史713例(62.8%).结果患者旁路移植术后至症状复发(4.65±3.39)年.1073例(94.5%)表现为胸痛,146例(12.9%)旁路移植血管完全失功能,326例(28.7%)旁路移植血管完全通畅.共移植旁路血管3341根,其中失功能(狭窄、闭塞)1435(43.0%)根,263(25.5%)根为动脉旁路移植血管,1172(50.8%)根为静脉旁路移植血管.左乳内动脉旁路移植血管失功能率为22.8%(209/916),低于右乳内动脉、胃网膜右动脉、桡动脉和游离的乳内动脉.前降区失功能率(30.6%)远低于回旋区(52.7%)和右冠状动脉区(56.9%).596例(52.0%)接受经皮冠状动脉介入术再血管化治疗再发症状,其中526例(88.3%)在原位血管进行.结论冠状动脉旁路移植术后症状复发最常见为胸痛,症状复发患者的冠状动脉造影结果比较严重.再血管化治疗方式主要为PCI,原位血管是其主要手术部位.     

冠状动脉硬化性心脏病合并左锁骨下动脉严重狭窄非体外循环下同期手术的临床经验

目的探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植同时主动脉-锁骨下动脉旁路治疗冠状动脉硬化性心脏病(冠心病)合并锁骨下动脉重度狭窄的手术方法及效果.方法2003年1月～2004年5月,我院治疗须行冠状动脉旁路移植术同时合并左锁骨下动脉近端重度狭窄3例,术中先行主动脉-锁骨下动脉旁路,左乳内动脉获得满意的流量后,再行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植.结果手术时间210～340 min,平均283 min,出血量570～1 630 ml,平均963 ml.游离左乳内动脉后量杯测流量均＜5 ml/min,主动脉-锁骨下动脉旁路后量杯测流量均＞50 ml/min,乳内动脉远端与前降支吻合后流量仪测流量12～27 ml/min,平均20 ml/min.术后临床症状缓解,未发现冠脉-锁骨下动脉窃血综合征.3例随访3～6个月,平均5个月,无心绞痛发作.结论非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植同时主动脉-锁骨下动脉旁路手术是治疗冠心病合并锁骨下动脉重度狭窄简单而有效的方法.     

Mid-term outcomes of coronary endarterectomy combined with coronary artery bypass grafting

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESThe aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term outcome of coronary endarterectomy (CE) combined with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and explore the potential risk factors for adverse events.METHODSA total of 208 consecutive patients underwent CE between 2008 and 2018 in our centre, of which 198 were included in this retrospective cohort study. The primary end point was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs). Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to evaluate event-free survival, whereas subgroup analysis and Cox regression were used to explore risk factors for the outcomes.RESULTSThe median follow-up time was 34.7 months. CE + CABG was performed mainly on the left anterior descending artery (42.3%) or right coronary artery (42.3%). Both operative mortality and incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction were 1.5%. The overall survival at 3 and 5 years was 98.0% and 95.9%, whereas the MACCE-free survival was 93.7% and 89.4%, respectively. No significant difference in the incidence of MACCE was observed between on-pump and off-pump CE (P = 0.256) or between left anterior descending artery and non-left anterior descending artery endarterectomy (P = 0.540). Advanced age (>65 years) was associated with a higher risk of MACCE both in univariate [hazard ratio (HR) 3.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37–9.62; P = 0.010] and multivariate analysis (HR 3.59, 95% CI 1.32–9.77; P = 0.013).CONCLUSIONSWhen performed by experienced surgeons, CE + CABG could be an acceptable approach to achieve complete revascularization of diffusely diseased coronary arteries with satisfactory outcomes, although advanced age might increase the risk of MACCE.     

非体外循环下冠状动脉内膜剥脱后搭桥治疗弥漫性冠状动脉病变

目的探讨非体外循环心脏跳动下冠状动脉内膜剥脱后搭桥治疗弥漫性冠状动脉病变的早期临床结果和经验。方法2003年5月—2005年5月,对53例弥漫性冠状动脉病变患者行非体外循环下冠状动脉内膜剥脱后搭桥手术治疗。53例中,男性41例、女性12例,年龄55～79(64±7)岁。加拿大心脏病协会心绞痛分级：Ⅰ～Ⅱ级15例,Ⅲ级6例,Ⅳ级32例。有心肌梗死史26例(49%)。冠状动脉造影：双支病变3例,3支病变50例,其中合并左主于病变9例。左心室射血分数0．26～0．65(0．52±0．17)。53例共行70支冠状动脉内膜剥脱：左前降支系统38支,其中5例内膜剥脱后先用大隐静脉片行前降支成形,再在补片上用乳内动脉搭桥;回旋支的钝缘支8支;右冠状动脉系统24支。应用左乳内动脉53支,桡动脉2支,余均为大隐静脉桥,人均搭桥(3．8±1．1)支,再血管化指数1．03±0．07。结果术中桥血流测定显示63支桥血流满意,7支欠满意。术后2例发生围手术期心肌梗死,但对血流动力学无明显影响。53例皆痊愈出院。44例随访6～29个月,无心绞痛发作;9例失访。6例在手术后3～27个月复查冠状动脉造影,显示桥血管均通畅。结论非体外循环下冠状动脉内膜剥脱后搭桥,安全可行,再血管化程度高,是治疗弥漫性冠状动脉病变的有效方法。