内镜窄带成像技术诊断胃黏膜肠上皮化生的临床应用价值

目的 确定内镜窄带成像技术(NBI)下胃黏膜肠上皮化生(IM)的形态学特征,并结合组织病理学探讨NBI诊断IM的可行性和准确性.方法 应用NBI对80例患者行常规内镜检查,对黏膜有可疑病变的区域行窄带成像联合放大内镜(NBI-ME)观察,分别在浅蓝色的嵴状结构(LBC)阳性和LBC阴性区域取活检标本行病理组织学检查并对其结果进行比较分析.结果 80例患者接受了NBI检查,经病理组织学诊断65例患者有IM.65例确诊IM的患者中,有61例患者的胃黏膜中观察到了LBC,LBC对IM的敏感度为85.15%,特异度为91.57%.从61例LBC阳性患者中获取94份活检标本,其中86份显示有组织学上的IM证据,诊断符合率为91.49%,即LBC对IM的阳性预测值为91.49%.在LBC阳性患者的非LBC区及LBC阴性患者中所取的94份活检标本中,79份(84.04%)无IM的证据,LBC对IM的阴性预测值为84.04%.NBI下在LBC阳性黏膜区活检可明显提高IM的检出率(P＜0.05).结论 NBI-ME有助于内镜直视下LBC区域的靶向活检,从而提高胃黏膜IM的检出率,对胃癌的早期发现、早期诊断、及时治疗具有重要的临床意义.     

窄带成像放大内镜诊断胃黏膜上皮内瘤变的临床价值

目的探讨窄带成像放大内镜(NBI-ME)诊断胃黏膜上皮内瘤变的临床应用价值。方法选择2013-04~2015-08行普通白光胃镜(WLE)检查发现局灶性病变且自愿接受NIB-ME检查的100例患者作为研究对象,行NBI-ME检查观察病变的胃黏膜、毛细血管形态,并分别依据Sakami分型标准以及Yao分类标准对胃黏膜及毛细血管形态进行判断,之后对病变进行活检,将NBI-ME观察到的胃黏膜以及毛细血管形态分型与病理结果进行比较。结果经内镜检查显示,100例局灶性病变最终病理组织学证实炎症31例(31.0%),低级别上皮内瘤变44例(44.0%),高级别上皮内瘤变25例(25.0%),其中早期胃癌18例(18.0%)。WLE诊断上皮内瘤变的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、符合率分别为58.7%、35.3%、62.7%、29.3%、49.0%;NBI-ME诊断上皮内瘤变的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、符合率分别为84.4%、43.5%、83.3%、45.5%、75.0%,NBI-ME诊断胃黏膜上皮内瘤变的符合率明显高于WLE(75.0%vs49.0%,P0.05)。结论 NBI-ME在胃黏膜上皮内瘤变的诊断中具有较高的临床价值。     

根除Hp感染患者胃黏膜组织学变化及胃癌患病率的随访研究

目的研究幽门螺杆菌（Hp）阳性患者根除Hp后对胃黏膜炎症、萎缩和肠上皮化生（IM）及胃癌患病率的影响。方法采用随机、对照研究方法,对在我院行胃镜检查同时行Hp及胃黏膜组织学检查者236例进行随访观察,3a后复查胃镜和组织病理学,评定组织学变化。分析Hp阳性组和阴性组在胃黏膜炎症、萎缩及IM的变化。结果Hp阳性组中胃黏膜的炎症、腺体的萎缩和肠化的总人数明显高于Hp阴性组（P〈0．05）。结论根除Hp感染可减轻胃黏膜活动性炎症、萎缩和肠上皮化生以及胃癌的发病率。     

放大内镜窄带成像联合活检在早期胃癌诊断中的价值

目的 分析放大内镜窄带成像(ME-NBI)联合活检在早期胃癌(EGC)诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年12月在蚌埠市第三人民医院经普通白光胃镜检查发现胃黏膜可疑EGC的患者,并行内镜下切除(ER)包括内镜下黏膜剥离术(ESD)或内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)的病例,依据术前最后一次内镜检查方法不同进行分组,分为普通白光胃镜(WLE)活检组、ME-NBI组和ME-NBI联合活检组,比较三组对病灶的术前诊断结果与术后病理诊断结果的一致性。结果WLE活检组、ME-NBI及ME-NBI联合活检对病灶的术前诊断与术后病理诊断一致率分别为77.8%、80.6%、97.2%,ME-NBI活检组在诊断癌性病变的正确率97.2%、灵敏度92.9%、特异度100%、阳性预测值100%、阴性预测值95.7%。结论 ME-NBI联合活检对EGC的诊断具有较高的准确率,优于WLE活检及单纯ME-NBI检查,值得在EGC诊断中推广应用。     

色素内镜和电子染色内镜提高胃黏膜不典型病变活检阳性率的比较

目的比较色素内镜与电子染色内镜检查胃黏膜不典型病变中癌前病变（AGC）、早期胃癌（EGC）的阳性率,为提高胃癌的诊断率提供临床依据。方法选择362例胃黏膜表现不典型患者,随机分为色素内镜组123例（A组）、电子染色内镜组119例（B组）、常规内镜组120例（C组）,分别在其病变部位取活检,送病理组织学检查。结果 A组胃黏膜上皮正常或慢性炎症25例,肠上皮化生（IM）48例,轻—中度不典型增生（DYS）26例,重度DYS7例,EGC术后病理证实病灶仅限于黏膜层且无淋巴结转移7例;B组分别为27、45、33、6、8例;C组胃黏膜上皮有IM 18例,轻—中度DYS 15例,重度DYS 2例,无EGC。A组EGC检出率为14.00%（7/50）,AGC检出率为79.67%（98/123）;B组分别为16.67%（8/48）、77.31%（92/119）;A、B组EGC、AGC检出率均明显高于C组（P〈0.01）,A、B组比较无统计学差异。结论在色素内镜、电子染色内镜指导下进行活检,可提高胃黏膜DYS、AGC及EGC的检出率。     

放大内镜对胃黏膜肠上皮化生及萎缩的观察研究

目的应用高清晰放大胃镜观察研究胃黏膜肠上皮化生小凹形态的特点,并与病理学黏液组织化学染色结果进行对照,以提高胃镜下早癌的检出率。方法使用高清晰放大电子胃镜对因上消化道症状就诊的患者进行检查,观察胃黏膜微细形态,并予1%亚甲蓝喷洒,判断肠上皮化生部位,并于各不同形态处取活组织检查。结果人选患者共109例,共观察及活检115个部位,黏膜微细形态可分为6型,其中4型、5型是肠上皮化生的特征性形态,6型是萎缩的特征。结论高清晰放大胃镜下胃黏膜肠上皮化生小凹由正常变为椭圆状甚至绒毛状。依据这些特征可指导活检,避免普通胃镜检查活检的盲目性,提高肠上皮化生的检出率。     

国产内镜新光学染色技术应用价值的多中心研究

目的　采取前瞻性设计、多中心随机对照临床研究方法,探讨国产内镜新光学染色技术——聚谱成像（spectral focused imaging,SFI）及光电复合染色成像（variable intelligent staining technology,VIST）对于胃癌前病变的诊断价值。方法　2020年8月—2021年5月,采用同一技术方案在河北医科大学第一医院、上海市第十人民医院、苏州大学附属第二医院,将拟行胃镜检查的患者随机分成白光组和新光学染色组,采取序贯检查方式（白光→新光学染色或新光学染色→白光）,分别记录两组先行白光或先行新光学染色检查时的内镜诊断结果和幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori, HP）感染的判断结果;同时对两组的胃黏膜萎缩、肠上皮化生、皱襞肿大、结节性胃炎和弥漫性发红5个方面进行内镜胃癌风险评分。结果　共入组病例合计419例,白光组208例,新光学染色组211例。结合内镜及病理学结果,对胃内炎症、萎缩、肠上皮化生、低级别上皮内瘤变、高级别上皮内瘤变、进展期癌病变,白光组检出率分别为：28.9%、40.4%、64.9%、17.8%、0.5%、0.5%,新光学染色组检出率为：30.8%、42.7%、62.6%、15.2%、2.8%、0.5%,检出率组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;以病理结果为金标准,计算国产内镜诊断各类病变的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值,对胃黏膜萎缩的诊断白光组分别为92.9%、61.3%、74.0%、61.9%、92.7%,新光学染色组（SFI模式）为94.4%、64.5%、77.3%、66.4%、94.0%;对胃黏膜肠上皮化生的诊断,白光组为68.1%、72.6%、69.7%、82.1%、55.2%,新光学染色组（VIST模式）为87.1%、89.9%、88.2%、93.5%、80.7%,两组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;以13C尿素呼气试验（13C?urea breath test, 13C?UBT）结果为金标准,对HP感染判断,白光组为90.2%、84.3%、87.4%、86.8%、88.2%,新光学染色组为92.6%、77.1%、85.4%、82.2%、90.1%;胃癌风险评分≥4分的病例,新光学染色组高危病变的占比更高（P<0.05）。结论　国产内镜新光学染色技术对胃黏膜肠上皮化生有较高的诊断价值,优于白光内镜;以胃癌风险评分为工具进行精查胃镜有助于胃癌前病变的检出;国产内镜新光学染色技术对胃癌前病变及HP感染诊断效能与进口内镜相近,是发现胃黏膜癌前病变的有效手段。     

窄带光成像联合放大内镜在活检病理提示胃低级别上皮内瘤变中的应用

目的 评价窄带光成像联合放大内镜（narrow band imaging-magnifying endoscopy,NBI-ME）对活检病理提示胃低级别上皮内瘤变（low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, LGIN）的进一步评估价值。方法 2017年1月—2020年10月,因胃镜活检病理提示胃LGIN在苏州大学附属第一医院行内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection, ESD）治疗,且ESD术前予NBI-ME再次评估的180处病灶纳入回顾性分析。以ESD术后病理结果为金标准,计算NBI-ME预测胃镜活检病理提示胃LGIN病灶ESD术后发生病理升级的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率,并绘制NBI-ME预测胃镜活检病理提示胃LGIN病灶ESD术后发生病理升级的ROC曲线。结果 180处胃镜活检病理提示胃LGIN病灶中,ESD术后病理升级115处（63.89%）、非升级65处（36.11%）。ESD术前NBI-ME检查漏诊10处、误诊19处、正确151处,NBI-ME预测胃镜活检病理提示胃LGIN病灶ESD术后发生病理升级的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率分别为91.3%（105/115）、70.8%（46/65）、84.7%（105/124）、82.1%（46/56）和83.9%（151/180）,NBI-ME预测活检病理提示LGIN发生ESD术后病理升级的ROC曲线下面积为0.810（95%CI：0.737~0.883）。结论 对于活检病理提示胃LGIN的病灶,通过进一步行NBI-ME检查可以较为准确地预测病灶是否发生ESD术后病理升级,对活检病理提示胃LGIN的患者是进一步随访或内镜下切除的治疗策略选择具有重要指导意义。     

NBI放大内镜在胃黏膜糜烂鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨NBI放大内镜在胃黏膜糜烂鉴别诊断中的价值,以及在胃黏膜癌前病变中的诊断价值。方法应用NBI电子放大内镜,对310例患者的胃黏膜糜烂灶进行细微结构形态学观察,并与观察部位活检所得的病理组织学改变进行比较分析。结果胃黏膜糜烂灶处胃小凹形态未见到A型、B型者;365处C型中组织病理均为慢性活动性浅表性炎症;160处D型中,92.5%（148/160）为萎缩性炎症;65处E型中,86.15%（56/65）为肠上皮化生;35处F型中,91.42%（32/35）为异型增生,8.57%（3/30）为肠上皮化生。59例肠上皮化生未发现明显异常增生的毛细血管,而32例异型增生的F型黏膜表面。90.63%（29/32）呈现出不同程度异常增生的毛细血管。与病理组织学比较,NBI放大内镜观察胃黏膜糜烂小凹形态与病理组织学改变呈显著正相关（P〈0.01）。结论 NBI放大内镜在胃黏膜糜烂灶性质的判断中有很高的临床应用价值,可应用于胃黏膜癌前病变的普查。     

Narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy is accurate for detecting gastric intestinal metaplasia

AIM:To investigate the predictive value of narrowband imaging with magnifying endoscopy (NBI-ME) for identifying gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) in unselected patients. METHODS:We prospectively evaluated consecutive patients undergoing upper endoscopy for various indications, such as epigastric discomfort/pain, anaemia, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, suspicion of peptic ulcer disease, or chronic liver diseases. Patients underwent NBI-ME, which was performed by three blinded, experienced endoscopists. In addition, five biopsies (2 antrum, 1 angulus, and 2 corpus) were taken and examined by two pathologists unaware of the endoscopic findings to determine the presence or absence of GIM. The correlation between light blue crest (LBC) appearance and histology was measured. Moreover, we quantified the degree of LBC appearance as less than 20% (+), 20%-80% (++) and more than 80% (+++) of an image field, and the semiquantitative evaluation of LBC appearance was correlated with IM percentage from the histological findings. RESULTS:We enrolled 100 (58 F/42 M) patients who were mainly referred for gastro-esophageal reflux disease/dyspepsia (46%), cancer screening/anaemia (34%), chronic liver disease (9%), and suspected celiac disease (6%); the remaining patients were referred for other indications. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) infection detected from the biopsies was 31%, while 67% of the patients used proton pump inhibitors. LBCs were found in the antrum of 33 patients (33%); 20 of the cases were classified as LBC+, 9 as LBC++, and 4 as LBC+++. LBCs were found in the gastric body of 6 patients (6%), with 5 of them also having LBCs in the antrum. The correlation between the appearance of LBCs and histological GIM was good, with a sensitivity of 80% (95%CI:67-92), a specificity of 96% (95%CI:93-99), a positive predictive value of 84% (95%CI:73-96), a negative predictive value of 95% (95%CI:92-98), and an accuracy of 93% (95%CI:90-97). The NBI-ME examination overlooked GIM in 8 cases, but the GI     

Detection of intestinal metaplasia in distal esophagus and esophagogastric junction by enhanced-magnification endoscopy

BACKGROUND: Standard videoendoscopy identifies columnar-lined esophagus but cannot distinguish intestinal metaplasia from other types of epithelium. Enhanced-magnification endoscopy identifies different mucosal pit patterns. A preliminary study suggested that a type 3 pattern is associated with the presence of intestinal metaplasia. This study assesses the value of enhanced-magnification endoscopy for the detection of intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus and esophagogastric junction in patients undergoing diagnostic EGD. METHODS: Patients undergoing diagnostic endoscopy for upper-GI symptoms underwent enhanced-magnification endoscopy after instillation of 1.5% acetic acid. The enhanced-magnification endoscopy mucosal pattern was classified into 3 types: 1, normal pits; 2, slit-reticular pattern; and 3, gyrus-villous pattern. Preliminary studies indicated that the type 3 pattern was related to intestinal metaplasia. One to 6 biopsies were targeted to areas having a type 3 pattern in columnar-appearing mucosa in the distal esophagus or esophagogastric junction. In the absence of type 3 pattern, one to 8 biopsies were targeted to areas with a type 2 pattern in columnar-appearing mucosa in the distal esophagus or esophagogastric junction. RESULTS: The overall frequency of intestinal metaplasia in the esophagus and esophagogastric junction was 38.8% (26/67 patients). There was a good correlation between the type 3 pattern and intestinal metaplasia in targeted biopsy specimens (sensitivity 88.5%, specificity 90.2%, positive predictive value 85.2%, negative predictive value 92.5%, overall accuracy 90.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced-magnification endoscopy is useful for detection of intestinal metaplasia in distal esophagus and esophagogastric junction.     

Narrow Band Imaging for the Detection of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia and Dysplasia During Surveillance Endoscopy

Background  

Surveillance of premalignant gastric lesions relies mainly on random biopsy sampling. Narrow band imaging (NBI) may enhance the accuracy of endoscopic surveillance of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and dysplasia. We aimed to compare the yield of NBI to white light endoscopy (WLE) in the surveillance of patients with IM and dysplasia.     

胃黏膜不典型增生和肠化生的内镜监测评价

目的 研究胃黏膜不典型增生及肠化生的内镜病理检出情况,并对部分病例进行长期随访,研究其转归情况及其与胃癌的关系,阐明内镜结合病理随访对胃癌早期发现的重要意义.方法 对183 960例行内镜检查的患者进行回顾性研究,探讨胃黏膜不典型增生及肠化生的内镜检出情况,对105例经内镜和病理诊断为胃黏膜不典型增生和肠化生的患者进行长达9年的连续内镜随访,分析其转归及癌变的情况.结果 胃黏膜不典型增生及肠化生内镜总检出率是5.19%,其中不典型增生、肠化生的总检出率分别是3.37%、3.86%,且不同年龄组之问的检出情况比较P＜0.05.105例胃黏膜不典型增生或肠化生患者的随访结果发现轻度不典型增生及肠化生的癌变率分别是2.27%、4.26%,重度不典型增生及肠化生的癌变率分别是25.00%、9.09%,中度不典型增生及肠化生的癌变率介于两者之间,不同程度的病变之间的比较P＜0.05.结论 不同程度的不典型增生及肠化生均有一定的癌变潜力,内镜结合病理检查是胃黏膜不典型增生及肠化生必不可缺的手段,对不同程度的不典型增生或肠化生进行密切的随访,可以达到胃癌的早期发现及早期治疗.     

亚甲蓝染色对胃癌前病变的诊断价值

目的研究胃镜下亚甲蓝染色对胃癌前病变的诊断价值。方法胃镜下有胃黏膜异常表现的46例患者,用0.5%的亚甲蓝均匀喷洒于胃黏膜,然后在染色的部位取活检送病理组织学检查。将同期胃镜下有胃黏膜异常表现但未染色的50例作为对照组。结果染色组有29例存在胃黏膜肠上皮化生(gastric intestinal metaplas,GIM)和不典型增生(atypical hyperplasia,ATP),检出率63.04%,对照组检出率为24%。结论胃镜下亚甲蓝染色可明显提高胃癌前病变的检出率。     

激光共聚焦内镜对慢性萎缩性胃炎和肠上皮化生的诊断价值

目的 比较共聚焦内镜与普通白光内镜对萎缩性胃炎和肠上皮化生的诊断价值。方法对2012年1月至5月来我院行胃镜检查的89例患者,全部在普通白光内镜及共聚焦内镜下对胃黏膜进行观察,并对病变部位进行活检病理学诊断。结果89例患者共观察286个病变部位。普通内镜诊断萎缩性胃炎95个部位,共聚焦内镜诊断40个部位,病理学诊断萎缩37个部位,共聚焦内镜与病理学诊断符合率为94．6％,普通内镜与病理学诊断符合率为38．95％;普通内镜诊断肠上皮化生54个部位,共聚焦内镜诊断170个部位,靶向活检诊断161个部位,共聚焦内镜与病理学诊断符合率为84．47％,普通内镜与病理学诊断符合率为33．54％。共聚焦内镜对萎缩性胃炎和肠上皮化生的诊断符合率明显高于普通内镜组,并且共聚焦内镜与病理学诊断具有很好的一致性（P=0．453,kappa值=0．895和P=0．298,kappa值=0．577）。结论共聚焦内镜对萎缩性胃炎和肠上皮化生具有较高的诊断价值,值得临床推广。     

Status of confocal laser endomicroscopy in gastrointestinal disease

Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an advanced imaging technique which combines conventional white light endoscopy (WLE) with an integrated or probe based confocal microscope. This allows microscopic examination of the surface epithelium and in vivo diagnosis during endoscopy. Established CLE applications include the diagnosis of Barrett's oesophagus, gastric intestinal metaplasia, coeliac disease and microscopic colitis. CLE can differentiate hyperplastic from adenomatous polyps in the colon and may obviate the need to biopsy all polyps at endoscopy. CLE is particularly helpful in surveillance endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease where it has been shown to reduce the number of biopsies required and improve the detection of dysplasia. The future of CLE may be with new contrast agents to allow for molecular tagging and improved endoscopic diagnoses. The aim of this review is to describe the technology and techniques involved in CLE, and discuss the evolving applications in obtaining "virtual biopsy" throughout the GI tract.