大学生生殖健康及避孕情况调查

目的了解在校大学生生殖健康的现状,为促进大学生群体生殖健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样方法,随机抽取各年级在校大学生762名进行调查,并对结果作统计分析。结果男性、低年级和来自农村的大学生生殖健康知识正确率比女性、高年级和来自城市的大学生低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。婚前性行为和未婚同居的接受率分别为53.07%和45.39%;认为发生性行为应采取避孕措施比率为67.98%,对未婚怀孕及多个性伴侣的接受率较低,分别为4.61%和5.70%。认为有必要对大学生进行生殖健康教育占81.98%。认为人工流产和药物流产对以后妊娠有影响的比率分别为29.05%和11.90%。结论高校应加强大学生生殖健康教育,增强大学生自我保护意识和能力。     

大学生吸烟状况调查

目的了解大学生吸烟状况,探讨吸烟行为影响因素,为制定预防与干预措施提供依据。方法用中国疾病预防控制中心制订的《中国城市青少年健康危险行为监测问卷(大学)》,采用整群随机抽样方法,对荆州市942名在校大学生进行调查。结果大学生目前吸烟报告率为25.5%,经常吸烟报告率为9.4%。不同性别、年级、专业大学生吸烟报告率有显著性差异。父母文化程度、家庭类型、父母吸烟行为等对大学生吸烟行为有一定影响。目前吸烟大学生的学习成绩差、参与类似赌博性娱乐活动、有过性行为等的发生率与目前不吸烟大学生有显著性差异。结论应重视吸烟行为对大学生健康的危害,积极开展健康教育以及针对大学生吸烟的行为进行干预。     

深圳市特区外社区健康教育的方向与对策

深圳市特区外社区居民健康意识相对薄弱,不良生活行为如吸烟、酗酒、吸毒、咸食、高脂摄入、长期不锻炼、心理压力困扰、体重长期超重和不良性行为等,均显示出较高的比例。分析特区外社区健康教育的影响因素,包括城区与城郊区居民行为危害因素暴露率（%）及顺位,比较社区居民行为危害因素,才能了解特区外社区健康教育的影响因素、方向与对策。     

在校女大学生生殖健康知识调查分析

目的了解在校女大学生对生殖健康知识的掌握及需求情况,为研究出一套适合珠海市金湾区在校女大学生的生殖健康教育方案及宣传资料提供依据。方法2010年6月．2011年9月,对珠海市金湾区3所高校共533名在校女大学生进行问卷调查。问答卷涵盖了4个方面的内容：生殖健康知识的需求和现状、对婚前性行为的态度、掌握避孕节育及性病知识的程度,对问卷的结果进行分析。结果在调查中女大学生对生殖健康知识掌握的较少．多数女大学生认为大学生应该进行性教育,学生埘艾滋病了解比较多,对性传播疾病和避孕节育了解较少。结论目前珠海市金湾区在校的女大学生生殖健康服务落后于现实需求,有必要对在校女大学生生殖健康知识进行教育及宣传。     

某高校女大学生常见妇科疾病725例分析

了解女大学生常见妇科疾病的发生情况及相关影响因素,为女大学生生殖健康保健服务和妇科病防治提供科学依据。对2013年1—12月某高校妇科门诊就诊725例女大学生进行妇科疾病调查分析。月经病占56.28%,妇科炎症占30.21%。其月经病与内外环境变化密切相关,妇科炎症与婚前性行为密切相关。月经病和妇科炎症是影响女大学生生殖健康的主要妇科疾病,内外环境变化和婚前性行为是引起女大学生常见妇科疾病的重要因素,应重点关注。高校应重视女大学生生殖健康教育,加强健康指导,积极采取预防措施和治疗手段,预防和减少妇科病发生,提高女大学生的生殖健康水平。     

城市高中学生性行为相关因素分析

目的 了解城市高中学生性行为状况与相关因素,为开展性健康教育,引导青少年健康成长提供依据.方法 采取分层整群抽样的方法,应用"中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷",对7623名城市高中生进行问卷调查.结果 城市高中学生曾发生性行为的报告率为3.4%;边缘性性行为的报告率,拥抱为20.8%、接吻为12.5%、抚摸异性身体为9.7%;观看色情信息的报告率为20.1%;从学校接受青春期知识教育的报告率为48.8%.结论 不良性行为已成为影响城市高中学生健康成长的危险行为之一,社会、家庭、学校应共同采取干预措施,促进青少年健康城长.     

重庆市三峡库区医学生性健康教育调查分析

目的 了解重庆市三峡库区医学生对性知识的认知情况,为高校医学生开展性健康教育提供科学依据.方法 对重庆市万州区三峡医药高等专科学校医学生按分层整群抽样原则抽取400名大学生进行问卷调查,并对结果进行统计分析.结果 81.1％的医学生认为大学生可以谈恋爱,66.3％的学生认为婚前性行为可接受,7.0％的男医学生和2.3％的女医学生有性交发生史,有过性交行为的大学生人群中,采取避孕措施的比例仅为29.5％,75.6％的大学生没有接受过正规的性教育.结论 在校医学生性生理知识基本掌握,性心理、性法制、性道德等认知不足,亟待对在校医学生进行性健康教育.     

大学生健康行为与家庭因素相关性分析

目的探索大学生健康行为形成与家庭因素的关系,提出相应的促进措施。方法以整群随机抽样的方法,对丹东市某高校大学生进行问卷调查。结果完全具备健康行为学生为0;具备5项健康行为组父母文化程度、健康行为、职业、家庭居住地区与对照组有统计学意义。结论家庭相关因素对大学生健康行为形成有着直接的作用,提高家庭的教育功能,改变家长的健康观念和行为方式是开展家庭健康教育、促进青少年养成健康行为、提高大学生整体健康水平的关键。     

云南西部某高校大学生婚前性行为的态度及其影响因素

本研究通过问卷渊查和统计分析,探讨云南西部地区某高校大学生对婚前性行为的态度及其影响因素.研究结果表明,研究对象对婚前性行为具有一定的宽容度.对婚前性行为的态度受到性别、生源地、家庭婚姻和家庭经济状况等因素的影响.对大学生的婚前性行为和性观念的引导和教育需要学校、家庭和社会的共同努力.     

3所大学在校女大学生生殖健康卫生状况调查分析

目的 了解福州市在校女大学生对生殖健康卫生知识的掌握情况、态度、行为状况及其对生殖健康卫生知识的需求,为制定健康教育方案提供理论依据.方法 以自设问卷的形式对福州3所高校大学女生进行抽样无记名问卷调查,用SPSS11.5软件包进行统计处理.结果 被调查的女大学生普遍存在月经异常、清洁卫生知识和性卫生知识缺乏的问题,女大学生强烈需求生殖卫生健康知识.结论 生殖健康教育有待加强,性卫生知识是生殖健康教育的核心.     

Substance use behaviors, mental health problems, and use of mental health services in a probability sample of college students

This research examined 1) the prevalence of substance use behaviors in college students, 2) gender and academic level as moderators of the associations between mental health problems and substance use, and 3) mental health service use among those with co-occurring frequent binge drinking and mental health problems. As part of the Healthy Minds Study, a probability sample of 2843 college students completed an Internet survey on mental health problems, substance use behaviors, and utilization of mental health care. Response propensity weights were used to adjust for differences between respondents and non-respondents. Major depression, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder were positively associated with cigarette smoking. Frequent binge drinking was negatively associated with major depression and positively associated with generalized anxiety disorder, and these associations were significantly stronger for males than females. Among students with co-occurring frequent binge drinking and mental health problems, 67% perceived a need for mental health services but only 38% received services in the previous year. There may be substantial unmet needs for treatment of mental health problems and substance use among college students.     

Alcohol-induced risky sexual behavior among socially anxious drinkers

Heavy college drinking is associated with risky sexual behavior. It is therefore important to identify groups that are especially vulnerable to alcohol-influenced sexual risk (e.g., unplanned/unexpected sex). Undergraduates with elevated social anxiety represent one such vulnerable group given that social anxiety is associated with fear of intimacy and heavier drinking in intimate situations and situations with expected negative affect. Drinking to cope with negative affect induced by fear of intimacy might render socially anxious undergraduates vulnerable to risky sexual behavior, yet no known studies have examined this relationship. The current study tested whether social anxiety was related to alcohol-related sexual behaviors among current (past-month) drinking undergraduates (88.1% female; 77.6% non-Hispanic Caucasian) with higher (i.e., clinically elevated) social anxiety (HSA; n?=?40) or lower (more normative) social anxiety (LSA; n?=?94). Coping motives were examined as a moderator of the social anxiety-risky sexual behavior relationship. Gender was a covariate. HSA students reported more frequent alcohol-influenced sexual risk including regretted sexual situations, unprotected sex, sex with unwanted partners, unwanted sex, pressured/forced to have sex, and pressured someone to have sex. Coping motives significantly interacted with social anxiety group in the prediction of risky sexual behaviors except regretted sexual situations, such that HSA students with greater coping motives experienced more frequent sexual risk when drinking. Findings indicate that HSA students may be particularly vulnerable to risky sexual behaviors and suggest that coping motivated drinking may be an important target for therapeutic interventions geared toward reducing risky sexual behaviors among this high-risk population.     

The co-occurrence of smoking and drinking among young adults in college: national survey results from the United States

BACKGROUND: In US colleges, alcohol and tobacco pose substantial health risks but little is known about their co-occurrence, limiting development and use of appropriately targeted prevention efforts. METHODS: Data from the 2001 HSPH College Alcohol Study (student n = 10,924; college n = 120) were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Co-occurring smoking/drinking risks were examined in aggregate, by gender, and by age of onset of regular drinking and smoking across 10 measures of drinking style, three categories of transitional drinking behavior, and by treatment behavior. RESULTS: Over 98% of current smokers drink; a fraction (<1%) of lifetime and 7% of past year alcohol abstainers smoke. Across drinking pattern measures, 44-59% of drinkers smoke. Co-occurrence risks are greatest among youth reporting high total alcohol consumption (adjusted OR 4.21, p < 0.0001), drinking problems (adjusted OR 3.31, p < 0.0001) or symptoms of diagnosable alcohol abuse (adjusted OR 3.02, p < 0.0001). Risks are sharply elevated among students who self-medicate for drinking problems and do not seek/receive help (adjusted OR 1.87, p < 0.0001), and those reporting symptoms of diagnosable alcohol abuse who may or may not seek/receive help (adjusted OR 2.67, p < 0.01 and 2.96, p < 0.01, respectively). Females and students reporting early adolescent onset of regular smoking are at greatest risk. CONCLUSIONS: Virtually all college smokers drink, and smoking and drinking are powerfully interrelated across drinking measures. Efficiency argues for jointly targeting both behaviors and developing interventions tailored to the special vulnerabilities of young women, students experiencing difficulties adjusting to college, and students reporting early onset of regular smoking.     

大学生便血的相关因素调查分析及健康教育

目的：调查大学生便血的发病情况,了解相关因素,提供健康教育,减少便血症状。方法：按随机、分层、整群抽样方法抽取某高校在校大学生300名进行调查。结果：大学生便血的患病率为35.9%;性别、平均每日饮水量等因素与大学生出现便血现象比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：大学生便血的患病率较高。增加每日的饮水量,加强排便的规律性等有利于降低大学生便血的发病率。     

The cost of minority stress: Risky alcohol use and coping-motivated drinking behavior in African American college students

A motivational drinking framework is utilized to understand the relationship between minority stressors (e.g., race-related stress and acculturative stress) and alcohol use behaviors (risky alcohol use and coping-motivated drinking) among a large sample of Black American college students. Six hundred forty-nine Black college students from 8 colleges and universities in the United States were recruited as part of a large, multiwave, cross-sectional study investigating the stress and coping experiences of Black emerging adults. Results from the current investigation provide support for the independent contributions of acculturative stress and race-related stress to the risky alcohol use behavior of Black college students, while acculturative stress significantly predicted coping-motivated drinking behaviors in the sample. Findings underscore the need to better understand the unique relationships between minority stress and risky alcohol use behaviors of Black college students, namely, relationships not shared by their nonminority peers that increase their risk of problem drinking.     

Association of parental factors with student smoking and alcohol use in Japan

A nationwide survey was conducted on smoking and alcohol use among junior and senior high school students and their parents in Japan. The analyses were performed to assess whether parents' smoking or drinking behavior, health knowledge, and attitude toward their children's smoking or drinking behavior influenced their children's behavior using linked datasets of students and parent answers. The number of schools that responded was 24 out of 40 sampled schools. A total of 11,362 questionnaire data sets from students and parents were applied to the analyses. The influence of parental factors including smoking, alcohol use, knowledge, and attitudes were used as the covariates on students' smoking or alcohol use as independent variables. The data were analyzed using a multiple logistic analysis. The analysis revealed that the parental attitudes of children's smoking or alcohol use were important risk factors as well as parental smoking or drinking behaviors. Conversely, the parental attitude toward warning children of the hazard of smoking or alcohol use was a significant preventive factor for the outcome of their children's behavior.     

Do causes of stress differ in their association with problem drinking by sex in Korean adolescents?

BackgroundPrevious studies have focused mainly on whether stress causes present drinking or excessive drinking. However, few studies have been conducted on the relationship between stress and problem drinking in adolescents. The objective of this study was to examine the stress level and the cause of stress related to problem drinking behavior according to sex among Korean youth.MethodData for this study were pooled from cross-sectional data collected annually from 2007 through 2012 from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. A representative sample of 442,113 students from 800 randomly selected middle and high schools in Korea were included. Multiple logistic regression models were used in the analysis.ResultsBoth male and female students with extremely high stress were more likely to engage in problem drinking than were students with no stress (odds ratios [OR], 1.73 in males and 1.41 in females). The major causes of stress in male students that were associated with problem drinking were conflict with a teacher, trouble with parents, and peer relationships (ORs, 2.47, 1.72, and 1.71, respectively), whereas there are no statistically significant association between causes of stress and problem drinking among female students. Considering stress level, Male students with extremely high stress level were associated with problem drinking regardless of causes of stress, while Female students who felt extremely high levels of stress were more likely to engage in problem drinking due to stress from a conflict with parents, peer relationships, appearance, and financial difficulty (ORs, 1.53, 1.53, 1.46, and 1.47, respectively).ConclusionAdolescents who engage in problem drinking may be affected by different causes of stress according to sex. Thus, appropriate approaches that reflect sex differences will be helpful to alleviate problem drinking in adolescents and educational authorities need to arrange more effective education program for drinking given positive associations between drinking education and problem drinking.     

Interrelationship among factors associated with drinking behaviors in dental students]

We analyzed the Kurihama Alcoholism Screening Test (KAST), the Adolescent Alcohol Involvement Scale (AAIS), the Fagerstroem Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ), the Tokyo University ALDH2-Phenotype Screening Test (TAST), results of ethanol patch tests, the presence or absence of a smoking habit, and gender by "Hayashi's quantification theory, type II" in 415 senior students (232 males and 183 females) of a dental college between 2000 and 2003, and evaluated their relationships. When drinking education is given to dental students, both the prevention of acute alcohol intoxication by chugging and the prevention of alcohol dependence in students with drinking behavior suggesting this tendency are necessary. For acute alcohol intoxication, attention can be aroused in students with positive ethanol patch tests. However, there is no definite instruction method for the prevention of alcohol dependence. Therefore, we analyzed the relationships among drinking, smoking, and constitution based on data obtained during the 4 years when the above 3 types of surveys were performed. Plotting of the results of analysis showed that the students can be classified by the ethanol patch test and TAST into those with "alcohol-sensitive" constitution and those with "alcohol-tolerant" constitution. Most problem drinkers were "alcohol-tolerant". KAST showed plotting along the constitution axis from "normal drinking group" to "problem drinking borderline group" but a change in the angle to an L shape at the transfer point from "problem drinking borderline group" to "problem drinking group", showing more serious states along the smoking axis. These results suggest that drinking behavior is first regulated by alcohol- sensitive or alcohol-tolerate constitution, and alcohol-tolerate students with a smoking habit have alcohol dependence tendency, and tend to show serious problem drinking. Improvement in the drinking habit is necessary in alcohol-tolerate students with a smoking habit so that they will not develop alcohol dependence.     

某医药高等专科学生性行为相关因素分析

目的：了解医药高等专科学生的性行为特别是高风险性行为现状,分析其影响因素,为高等专科学校开展性健康教育提供参考依据。方法应用研究者自制的调查问卷,采用整群随机抽样方法抽取某医药高等专科学校在校学生517人进行无记名调查,收回有效问卷468份,问卷有效率为90.52%。利用EPIINFO软件录入数据并建立数据库,应用SPSS19.0统计软件进行logistic回归模型逐步回归分析筛选危险因素。结果重庆市某医药高等专科学校学生性交行为发生率为11.54％（54/468）,主要与缺乏性心理知识、生育知识,认为未婚先孕不影响前途等12项因素密切相关;16岁以下（含16岁）学生性行为发生率为4.06％（19/468）,主要与经常手淫、对性知识不了解、性冲动自责等11项因素密切相关;关于避孕方法,只有24.07%（13/54）学生能够每次性交都选择有效的避孕方法,即避孕套和（或）避孕药,有16.67％（9/54）学生只采用风险很高的避孕方法,即安全期和（或）体外射精,还有7.41％学生（4/54）从未采取避孕措施,未避孕或方法不当主要与性知识不了解、认为未婚先孕不影响前途、经常做性梦等14项因素密切相关;有过性行为的学生中发生过一夜情者占22.22%（12/54）,主要与认为爱与性是分离的、认同一夜情、愿与非恋爱异性发生性交等16项因素密切相关。结论医学教育不能代替性与生殖健康教育,医药类高等专科学生仍存在一定的性与生殖健康知识缺乏,导致其存在性安全风险。学校应根据学生性与生殖健康知识的掌握情况开展健康教育与指导,指导其自觉规范性行为、约束性行为,以增加其性安全性。