医学影像学课程信息化建设的实践与探索

医学影像学发展突飞猛进,图像信息已经由传统的胶片式记录发展到现在的数字化、无胶片化资料.为了实现课程信息化,提高教育教学的效果,应当加快医学影像学课程资源库的构建、管理及在医学影像学教学中的应用.     

区域医疗信息平台构建与分析

区域医疗信息平台的建立实现,彻底地改变目前医院信息化只是把纸质的内容变成电子版内容的简单、落后局面.它能将各个医疗机构的数据信息流通起来,形成真正的数据信息流.笔者就构建区域医疗信息平台的原则、架构、功能和实现进行初步分析和探讨.     

医学图像融合配准技术

图像融合技术在现代医学中扮演着极其重要的角色,是现代医学图像技术研究的重点.图像融合技术中,图像的配准又是其中的重点、难点和热点.本文按照图像变换特性对图像配准进行了分类,对每个类别的不同配准方法(特征点的获取、图像配准的变换等)进行介绍.但是,图像配准是一个尚处在发展阶段的学科,实现配准的精确化、快速化、自动化仍需要进一步的努力.     

医学显微图像分割方法研究进展

医学显微图像分割是医学图像处理中的一个经典难题.针对近年来出现的新方法、新理论,对各种分割方法进行了系统论述,主要包括基于数学形态学方法、神经网络分割、模糊分割、小波分析、遗传算法、统计方法和基于特定模型等方法的图像分割.由于显微图像的复杂性,采用单一方法很难准确分割,故对混合方法也作了一定论述.文中还简要讨论了各种方法的特点和局限性.同时对分割的评价体系也做了简要论述.     

Association Between Acute Medical Exacerbations and Consuming or Producing Web-Based Health Information: Analysis From Pew Survey Data

Background

The Internet is an increasingly important resource for individuals who seek information from both health professionals and peers. While the demographic and health characteristics of persons who use health information technology has been well described, less is known about the relationship between these health characteristics and level of engagement with health information technology. Even less is known about whether persons who produce Web-based health information differ in health status from persons who consume such content.

Objective

We explored the health characteristics of persons who engage with the Internet for the purposes of consuming or producing Web-based health information, and specifically, whether healthier versus sicker persons engage with health information technology in different ways.

Methods

We analyzed data from the 2012 Pew Health survey, a landline and cell phone survey of 3104 adults in the United States. Using multiple logistic regression with sampling weights, we examined the association between sociodemographic and health characteristics and the consumption or production of Web-based health information. Sociodemographic variables included age, sex, race, and education. Health characteristics included self-reported health status, presence of chronic condition(s), and having an acute medical exacerbation. Acute medical exacerbations were defined as an emergency department visit, hospitalization, or other serious medical emergency in the last 12 months.

Results

The majority of the sample reported good or excellent health (79.7%), although 50.3% reported having at least one chronic condition. About a fifth (20.2%) of the sample experienced an acute medical exacerbation in the past year. Education was the sociodemographic characteristic most strongly associated with consuming Web-based health information. The strongest health-related predictors of consuming Web-based health information were an acute medical exacerbation (OR 2.39, P<.001) and having a chronic condition (OR 1.54, P=.007). Having an acute medical exacerbation was the only predictor of producing Web-based health information (OR 1.97, P=.003). All participants, regardless of health status, were most interested in Web-based health information regarding diseases or medical problems. However, persons with acute medical exacerbations were more likely to seek Web-based health information regarding medical tests, procedures, and drugs compared to persons without acute medical exacerbations.

Conclusions

Producers of Web-based health information differ from consumers of this information in important health characteristics that could skew the content of peer-generated Web-based health information and overrepresent the experiences of persons with acute medical exacerbations. Providers may have a role to play in directing patients towards high-quality, easy-to-understand online information, especially information regarding treatments and procedures.     

医学院校毕业生心理健康状况的调查分析

目的了解医学院校毕业生的心理健康状况,探讨心理健康问题产生的原因及应对策略。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对239名广州大学城某医学院校毕业生进行测查。结果①不同性别间毕业生在强迫和人际关系敏感因子上存在差异(t=2.61,2.24;P<0.05);②医学毕业生与非医学毕业生在抑郁和焦虑因子中存在差异(t=-1.71,1.74;P<0.05);③毕业生与非毕业生除焦虑、敌对、恐怖外,其他因子均存在显著差异(P<0.01)。结论不同性别、不同专业以及不同年级学生的心理健康有着不同程度的差异。     

医疗知情同意书使用现状分析及对策

目的 调查了解病案知情同意书在使用过程中存在的问题,以期提高病案质量,消除医疗隐患.方法 随机抽查2008年12月出院病案3260份,自制调查表进行统计分析.结果 发现知情同意书的书写存在多种缺陷.结论 医院应通过加强法律知识培训,加强病案检查力度和加快信息化管理过程等措施来加强知情同意书的管理.     

医学检验人员身心健康状况的调查与分析

目的 了解医学检验人员这一特殊职业群体的身心健康状况,为该群体身心健康和心理危机干预方法及身心疾病的防治措施提供理论支持;为检验人力资源管理政策或措施的制定、实施提供理论依据.方法 采用医学上通用的症状自评量表(SCL-90)对焦作市的医院、血站和防疫站的医学检验人员进行问卷调查.结果 ①所有医学检验人员的调查数据与全国常模比较,医学检验人员的心理健康状况相对较好.②女性的心理健康状况比男性差,尤其是在抑郁、恐怖、偏执等因子方面呈显著性差异.③工作在防疫站的检验人员心理健康状况相对较好,工作在血站和医院的检验人员心理健康状况较差.结论 医学检验人员的心理健康状况整体较好.女性逊于男性;防疫站的检验人员心理健康状况相对较好.     

医学物理学教学的问卷调查与分析

采用结构性问卷调查我校2010级药学和麻醉专业4个班学生对医学物理学案例教学和传统教学的方法、内容、考核等方面的看法,为今后教学改革提供参考依据。     

医学实习生学习动机强度调查

目的:调查医学实习生的学习动机,为教育管理部门提升实习质量提供依据。方法:应用学习动机简易评定量表,比较某军医大学临床专业实习学员总体及不同类别的学习动机强度,以及学习动机强度与学习成绩、对实习医院的满意情况的关系。结果:实习生的学习动机多为中等(60.5%),不同性别、专业、身份的学习动机没有统计学差异(P0.05)。在校期间学习成绩不同的医学实习生在实习期间的学习动机强度没有统计学差异(P0.05)。对实习医院教学管理机构和管理制度满意情况不同的学员的学习动机不同(χ2=12.177,P=0.002),满意度较高的学员,学习动机较强的比例也较高(36.7%vs22.9%)。结论:医学实习生总体学习动机不高,学生动机与在校期间学习成绩无关,有待于通过建立健全实习医院的教学管理机构和相应制度来提升。