加压骑缝钉克氏针治疗经舟骨月骨周围骨折脱位

目的探讨加压骑缝钉克氏针内固定治疗经舟骨月骨周围骨折脱位的临床疗效。方法2006年2月至2008年9月,我们采用加压骑缝钉克氏针内固定治疗11例经舟骨月骨周围骨折脱位患者,年龄18～39岁。术中采用克氏针固定月骨、头状骨,单夹骑缝钉固定舟骨,加压矫正分离移位,术中同时修复关节囊和韧带。术后8周拔除克氏针开始活动,6～12个月根据舟骨愈合情况取出骑缝钉,术后随访6～24个月。结果术后通过腕关节活动度、手握力、用力后腕关节疼痛程度、X线片和CT检查评价治疗效果,患者术后腕关节活动及手握力良好。影像学检查舟骨骨折均骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间4-10月。结论加压骑缝钉克氏针内固定治疗经舟骨月骨周围骨折脱位,直视切口手术,操作简便可靠,可同时修复韧带,并可减少术后并发症,是目前较好的治疗手段之一。     

Perilunate injuries

Perilunate dislocations and fracture dislocations are most often a result of high-energy trauma, exerting an axial load with hyperextension and ulnar deviation of the wrist, along with intercarpal supination. Early treatment of perilunate injuries is necessary to optimize the clinical outcome. Although closed management has been the more commonly reported treatment for perilunate injuries, the current consensus is that anatomic restoration of carpal alignment has better results. The combined dorsal-volar approach offers the advantages of both approaches and is the preferred choice for the authors since it allows assessment of all the injured structures. The surgical techniques to restore carpal alignment and repair the scapholunate interosseous ligament are discussed. Current literature regarding treatment and prognosis is also included.     

Transulnar styloid palmar scapho-lunate dislocation with median nerve injury

A patient with a transulnar styloid palmar scapho-lunate dislocation with median nerve injury is described. The dislocation could be reduced by closed manipulation under anaesthesia, and the scapho-lunate ligament was repaired subsequently using a Mytek Micro bone anchor. This case is reported for its rarity and its management. Although closed reduction can be achieved by manipulation, scapho-lunate ligament repair is essential to prevent rotatory instability of the scaphoid with this pattern of injury.     

Acute Proximal Row Carpectomy after Complex Carpal Fracture Dislocation

Acute proximal row carpectomy is an uncommon definitive treatment for perilunate fracture dislocations. In this report, we present five patients who had acute proximal row carpectomy (PRC) to treat perilunate fracture-dislocations. All patients were men between ages 31 and 87. The indication for PRC was lunate fracture in two patients, concomitant displaced scaphoid fracture and scapholunate ligament injury in two patients, and perilunate fracture-dislocation with preexisting articular damage from long-standing gout in one patient. At the final follow-up ranged from 4.5 month to 7.5 years, four patients had no pain and one patient was lost to follow-up. One patient had a concomitant PRC and a bridging plate that was never removed. The remaining three patients gained satisfactory range of motion. Our observation reveals that acute proximal row carpectomy is an option for some patients with complex carpal fracture dislocations, particularly those with fracture of the lunate, concomitant scaphoid fracture and scapholunate ligament injury, or preexisting wrist arthritis.     

Lack of experience is a significant factor in the missed diagnosis of perilunate fracture dislocation or isolated dislocation

Objective

The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors contributing to the misdiagnosis of perilunate injuries.

Isolated scaphoid fracture with anterosuperior dislocation of the proximal fragment

Isolated fracture of the scaphoid with an associated anterosuperior dislocation of the proximal fragment is an extremely rare injury. We present two cases where open reduction and internal fixation through a palmar and dorsal approach was performed. No instances of non-union, necrosis of the proximal fragment of the scaphoid or scapholunate dissociation were noted during a mean follow-up period of 18 months. Clinical results (active motion, power grip, DASH) following such injury and intervention are presented. The aetiology of this rare injury is discussed.     

Greater Arch Injuries

Dislocations and fracture dislocations of carpal bones are uncommon injuries which invariably poses challenges in the management. Perilunate fracture dislocations are the combination of ligamentous and osseous injury that involve the “greater arc” of the perilunate associated instability. Despite their severity, these injuries often go unrecognized in the emergency department leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. A Prospective study was done from June 2008 to December 2013 in 15 cases of complex wrist injuries which included of greater arch injuries, perilunate fracture dislocation and one dorsal dislocation of Scaphoid. 10 cases of perilunate fracture dislocation underwent open reduction and internal fixation with Herbert screw and k-wire, 4 cases of greater arch injury underwent closed reduction and kwire fixation and one case of neglected dorsal dislocation underwent proximal row carpectomy. One patient had Sudecks osteodystrophy 1 had Scaphoid nonunion and 6 had median nerve compression. Overall outcome according to Mayo wrist score was 53 % excellent, 33 % good and 14 % fair. Greater arch injuries are difficult to treat because injuries to many ligaments are involved and failure to recognize early leads to persistent pain, disability and early onset of arthritis. Prompt recognition requires CT scan and MRI. Management requires reduction and multiple K-Wiring according to merits of the case.