Epidemiology of suicide in Austria 1990–2000

Summary OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: The epidemiology of suicide in Austria, 1990–2000, was investigated. RESULTS: In comparison with 1980–1990, an overall decrease in the incidence of suicide was found. The annual averages for male, female, and total suicide rates were 32.2, 11.0, and 21.3, respectively, representing decreases of 17.6%, 25.7%, and 19.3%. Decreases were observed in all age groups except for males aged 80–84 years, where the suicide rate was 123.5 (15.1% increase), and for males aged 85 years or over, where the rate was 148.9 (25.4% increase). Hanging is still the most frequently used suicide method in Austria, despite steady decreases during recent decades. During the 1990s, hanging was used in 47.5% of male suicides and 34.8% of female cases. Shooting is the next most common method for male suicides (23.5% of cases) and has become more frequent for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The main findings reveal that the decrease in suicide incidence in Austria is greater for females than for males, reflecting the increased suicide risk within the oldest male age groups. This population subgroup should thus be a particular target for suicide-prevention efforts in Austria. A further aim within a national strategy for suicide prevention should be to stop the increased use of shooting as a suicide method.     

精神分裂症患者出院后忧郁自杀情况分析

目的：探讨获得显著进步的出院精神分裂患者,不久即出现忧郁自杀的原因。方法：对符合ＣＣＭＤ－２精神分裂症诊断标准的８例患者进行追踪随访。结果：８例中１例自杀未遂,４例自杀身亡。结论：２例系药源性忧郁;６例为出院后心理社会适应不良导致其中４例自杀死亡。建议对精神分裂症患者出院前,特别首次住院者做好心理、社会适应性辅导的心理康复治疗工作。     

某医学院临床医学专业新生抑郁与自杀意念关系的研究

[目的]了解医学院临床医学专业新生抑郁与自杀意念的发生率及其两者之间的关系,为有效干预自杀意念,预防自杀行为提供依据。[方法]整群随机抽样的方法抽取某医学院340名临床医学专业的新生,采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）和自杀意念自评量表（SIOSS）调查学生抑郁及自杀意念现状。[结果]该医学院临床医学专业新生抑郁的发生率为31．76％,自杀意念发生率为8．82％,有无抑郁新生的自杀意念发生率存在显著性差异（P ＜0．05）,抑郁与自杀意念呈显著正相关（P ＜0．05）,有无自杀意念新生的自杀意念各因子及抑郁特异性症状存在显著性差异（ P ＜0．05）。[结论]该医学院临床医学专业部分新生存在一定程度的抑郁及自杀意念,抑郁与自杀意念两者之间存在显著相关性。     

精神病患者住院期间自杀的特征及干预

为探讨精神病患者住院期间自杀的特征及有效干预措施,对出现自杀行为的56例精神病患者与随机抽取的同期住院、同一诊断、同性别、同年龄,最后一次住院无自杀行为的56例精神病患者进行1:1对照研究。结果,消极抑郁导致自杀者占57.14％;幻觉妄想导致自杀者占35.71％;因药物副反应自杀者占5.33％;信奉佛教自杀者占1.76％。提示,自杀除由精神症状原因驱使外,药物副反应引起自杀也不容忽视,因此对有药物副反应的患者,应加强干预。     

200例自杀未遂者的特征分析与心理危机干预

目的了解自杀未遂患者的群体特征,并利用心理危机干预的方法帮助患者度过心理危机.方法对200例自杀未遂病人的资料进行了详细分析,归纳总结这类患者自杀的特征,并对患者进行了心理危机干预.结果自杀者多以青壮年为主,且女性明显多于男性;自杀方式多采用服用镇定安眠药,并多在上半夜实施;自杀原因以恋爱和婚姻问题为主.结论在治疗和护理自杀未遂患者时,利用语言技巧,减轻患者的负性情绪,尊重和理解患者,引导患者正确对待失败和疏导心理压力,动员家庭和社会帮助患者克服困难等心理危机干预措施,可以有效帮助病人度过心理危机.     

Feelings,thoughts and experiences of nurses working in a mental health clinic about individuals with suicidal behaviors and suicide attempts

Background

It is of the utmost importance to determine the views of nurses about patients with suicidal behavior and who attempt suicide so that they can help such individuals.

Dispositional Optimism as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Negative Life Events and Suicide Ideation and Attempts

Relatively little research has focused on the role that positive psychological characteristics, such as optimism, might play in the mitigation of stressors and reduction of psychopathology. Dispositional optimism is a trait-like characteristic reflecting a positive attitude or mood regarding the future. This study examined the moderating effect of dispositional optimism on the relationship between negative life experiences and suicide ideation and attempts in a college student sample. Negative life events were associated with current suicide ideation and previous suicide attempts, and dispositional optimism moderated these relationships, after controlling for hopelessness and severity of depression. Individuals with greater optimism have reduced risk for suicide ideation and attempts in the face of low to moderate negative life events; however, this association is changed at the highest levels of negative life events. Implications for treatment include strengthening active and future-focused coping in patients who have experienced negative or potentially traumatic life events to protect against suicidal thoughts and behaviors.     

老年患者自杀行为原因分析与防范措施

为了预防老年患者自杀行为的发生，通过对2003～2005年收治我院干部科有自杀行为的10例老年患者的分析发现：老年患者自杀行为多发生在夜间，以服药、割脉、自缢为主，自杀首要原因为合并抑郁症，其次是癌症晚期；依此提出了防范措施：①加强安全措施；②加强睡眠药物管理；③加强深夜巡视病房；④加强心理护理；⑤进行有针对性的出院指导和病人随访。     

The relationship between domestic violence against women and suicide risk

Aim

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between domestic violence against women and suicide risk.

The Aftermath of Suicide: A Qualitative Study With Guyanese Families

Introduction

The suicide rate in Guyana was five times higher than the world average in 2014 (WHO) which puts Guyana at the top of the list with 44.2 per 100,000 people, the highest suicide rate in the world. For every completed suicide, there are survivors who experience high levels of psychological, physical, and social distress, and report feelings of guilt, shame, social stigma, and search for meaning.

服安定自杀患者的救治与心理治疗探讨

目的 探讨服安定自杀患者的救治与心理治疗原则。方法 连续选用2000年8月～2004年7月服安定自杀患者病例，按急性中毒常规处理，清醒后进行心理治疗。结果52例自杀患者中，男14例（26．9％），女38例（73．1％），以14-29岁年龄占比例最高（71％），经临床积极抢救与心理治疗，其成功率100％。结论服安定自杀患者抢救成功后，再进行心理治疗，对减少再次服药自杀发生有重要意义。     

Prevalence and associated factors of suicide among hospitalized schizophrenic patients

BACKGROUND Previous studies found several factors associated with suicide in schizophrenic patients,such as age,sex,education level,history of suicide attempts,psychotic symptoms,social factors,and substance abuse.However,there might be some additional factors that were not considered in previous studies but may be correlated with a greater likelihood of suicide attempts,such as medication and treatment.AIM To investigate the prevalence of suicide attempts and identify the risk of suicidality in hospitalized schizophrenia patients.METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of schizophrenic patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital who were 18 years of age or more.The outcomes and possible suicide risk factors in these patients were collated.The current suicide risk was evaluated using the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview module for suicidality and categorized as none(0 points),mild(1-8 points),moderate(9-16 points),or severe(17 or more points).This study used ordinal logistic regression to assess the association of potential risk factors with the current suicide risk in schizophrenic patients.RESULTS Of 228 hospitalized schizophrenia patients,214(93.9%)were included in this study.The majority(79.0%)of patients were males.Females appeared to have a slightly higher suicidality risk than males,with borderline significance.With regard to the current suicide risk assessed with the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview,172(80.4%)schizophrenic patients scored zero,20(9.4%)had a mild risk,8(3.7%)had a moderate risk,and 14(6.5%)had a severe risk.The total prevalence of current suicide risk in these schizophrenic patients was 19.6%.Based on multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis with backward elimination,it was found that younger age,a current major depressive episode,receiving fluoxetine or lithium carbonate in the previous month,or a relatively higher Charlson comorbidity index score were all significantly and independently associated with a higher level of suicide risk.CONCLUSION The prevalence rate of suicide attempts in schizophrenia is high.Considering risk factors in routine clinical assessments,environmental manipulations and adequate treatment might prevent or decrease suicide in these patients.     

自杀者相关因素分析与干预

目的 探讨自杀者的原因,找出规律,为减少和预防自杀提出相应对策.方法 采用回顾性调查方法,对100例自杀者的相关因素进行分析.结果 100例自杀者中,男性35例,女性65例,女性明显多于男性;年龄以20～<40岁年龄组最多;季节以春夏两季最多;自杀原因以心理社会因素最多;服毒是自杀的常见方式.结论 心理社会因素是自杀的常见原因,女性多见,青壮年多见,春夏季节多见,及早对其进行干预,可将自杀率减少到最低限度.     

某综合院校大学生自杀倾向及其危险因素分析

目的 了解在校大学生的自杀倾向及其危险因素,为自杀行为的早期干预提供依据.方法 2010年10-11月,采用贝克绝望量表以及自编的一般资料问卷对在校大学生进行现场调查,对自杀倾向的影响因素进行单因素与多因素分析.结果 自杀倾向总检出率为14.9%,单因素分析显示女性、低年级、成绩差、来自县城、独生子女、非班干部、父母职...