整合素α4β7的表达与溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠淋巴细胞归巢

目的 探讨淋巴细胞归巢受体整合素α4β7的表达与溃疡性结肠炎(UC)大鼠肠淋巴细胞归巢的关系,分析UC大鼠肠道黏膜免疫功能改变的机制.方法 将40只SD大鼠随机分为UC组和对照组,分别于造模后72 h取标本检测:免疫组织化学法检测肠组织中地址素MAdCAM-1;逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测肠组织中α4β7的表达;流式细胞检测大鼠门静脉血中整合素α4阳性淋巴细胞数的变化.结果 UC组大鼠结肠黏膜下MAdCAM-1表达明显增强(0.72±0.33比0.21±0.41,P<0.01),主要表达在黏膜下微血管区;UC组α4、β7 mRNA的表达量与对照组比较明显升高(0.683±0.238;0.842±0.374比0.146±0.132;0.241±0.624,P均<0.01);UC组结肠静脉回流血中α4+淋巴细胞的比例明显高于对照组(76.73±8.24比14.66±6.74,P<0.01).结论 UC大鼠发病时α4β7阳性淋巴细胞的比例升高,参与肠淋巴细胞过渡归巢现象,肠黏膜免疫功能亢进可能是UC发病的重要因素.     

早期肠内免疫营养对烫伤大鼠免疫功能的影响

目的了解早期肠内免疫营养对烫伤大鼠全身及肠道免疫功能的影响。方法将健康SD大鼠分为标准营养组（EN组）和免疫营养组（EIN组），每组32只。将两组大鼠制成烧伤总面积30％TBSA的Ⅲ度烫伤模型，于伤后1、4、7、10d检测其外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、肠黏膜增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）表达水平、浆细胞数量及肠黏液分泌型免疫球蛋白A（S-IgA）含量的变化。另取8只健康大鼠检测上述指标作为正常参考值。结果（1）与正常值比较，伤后EN组CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋降低但CD8^＋升高，与各项指标大部分时相点比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。伤后10d与EN组（CD4^＋／CD8^＋为1．26±0．10）比较，EIN组CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋（CD4^＋／CD8^＋为1．86±0．25）升高而CD8^＋下降（P〈0．01）。（2）伤后4、7、10d，EIN组肠黏膜PCNA表达水平、浆细胞数量及肠黏液S-IgA含量较EN组明显升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论烫伤后早期给予肠内免疫营养，可以提高全身及肠道免疫功能，效果优于标准肠内营养。     

参麦注射液对胃癌患者术后营养和免疫的影响

目的:观察参麦注射液联合肠内营养对胃癌患者术后营养状况和免疫功能的影响。方法:将58例胃癌患者半随机分为肠外营养组19例、肠内营养组19例、观察组(参麦注射液联合肠内营养)20例,术前第1d及术后第1、5、9d检测肱三头肌皮褶厚度、总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、淋巴细胞总数、T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3、CD4、CD8)、免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgM、IgA),观察肠道功能恢复及并发症等情况。结果:观察组在术后第9d血清CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8、前白蛋白均比肠外营养组和肠内营养组相应指标显著增高(P0.05),观察组IgA高于肠外营养组(P0.05),观察组术后下床活动时间、住院时间均比肠外营养组和肠内营养组缩短(P0.05)。结论:参麦注射液联合肠内营养支持较常规肠外营养和肠内营养支持能更好地改善患者营养状态和免疫功能。     

肠内免疫营养和生态营养对创伤后大鼠肠屏障功能的影响

目的研究肠内免疫营养和生态营养对创伤后机体肠道屏障功能的影响。方法将40只Wistar大鼠按随机数字表法均分为4组，即对照组、肠内普通营养组、肠内免疫营养组及肠内生态营养组。于胃造瘘术后早期分别给予普通饲料、肠内普通营养剂、肠内免疫营养剂和肠内生态营养剂，共7d，观察小肠黏膜形态和黏膜IgA^＋、CD3^＋、CD4^＋和CD8^＋细胞数量。结果小肠绒毛高度、肠腺隐窝深度、黏膜厚度（除肠内普通营养组）以及绒毛表面积在肠内普通营养组、肠内免疫营养组和肠内生态营养组均优于对照组（P〈0．05），各肠内营养组之间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。小肠黏膜IgA^＋、CD3^＋、CD4^＋及CD8^＋细胞数对照组大鼠低于各肠内营养组（P〈0．05），而肠内普通营养组又低于肠内免疫营养组和肠内生态营养组（P〈0．05）。结论肠内免疫营养和生态营养能较好地改善创伤后大鼠的小肠机械屏障功能，促进小肠黏膜屏障功能的恢复，增强其肠道免疫功能。     

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目的：比较肠外营养与肠内营养对胃癌病人术后细胞免疫功能的影响。方法：45例胃癌病人随机分为2组，其中肠外营养（PN）组23例，肠内营养9EN）组22例。术后第1天开始行肠外或肠内营养支持，时间1周，检测术前和术后第8天外周血T淋巴细胞亚群（CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ ）和NK细胞活性等细胞免疫指标。结果：PN组术后CD3^ 、CD4^ 水平和NK细胞活性明显下降，CD8^ 水平明显升高；而EN组术后CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ 水平和NK细胞活性与术前相比无显著性变化。结论：肠外营养对胃癌病人术后细胞免疫功能无明显改善作用，而肠内营养有明显的细胞免疫增强作用，可有效地纠正胃癌病人术后细胞免疫抑制状态。     

肠外肠内营养对腹腔感染大鼠肠上皮紧密连接和屏障功能的影响

目的　探讨肠外肠内营养对腹腔感染大鼠肠上皮紧密连接和屏障功能的影响。方法　14只存活6d的腹腔感染SD大鼠分别给予肠外营养(PN组)、肠外营养 肠内营养(PN EN组)。两组动物供给等热、等氮量。第6天处死动物,取末段回肠和结肠采用免疫组化法测定其跨膜结合蛋白(occludin)表达及肠上皮浆细胞IgA表达并定量;取腔静脉血及肺、肝、肠系膜淋巴组织匀浆后作细菌培养测细菌易位率;取门静脉血经鲎试剂法检测内毒素含量。结果　PN EN组小肠和大肠occludin及IgA表达明显优于PN组(P <0 .0 5及P <0 .0 1) ;血、肺、肝、肠系膜淋巴组织的细菌易位率和内毒素水平均低于PN组(P <0 .0 5 )。结论　肠内营养提高了肠上皮occludin表达,增加了肠道IgA的分泌,改善机械及免疫屏障,从而减少细菌易位。     

肠内免疫营养对烫伤大鼠内毒素和CD14/肿瘤坏死因子-α mRNA表达的影响

目的研究肠内免疫营养物对烫伤大鼠内毒素和CD14 mRNA、肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)-α mRNA表达的影响及机制。方法致64只SD大鼠总体表面积(TBSA)30％Ⅲ度烫伤, 随机分为肠内免疫营养组(EIN组,32只)和标准肠内营养组(EN组,32只),另取8只大鼠作为伤前正常对照组(N组)。EIN组和EN组均给予等热量(125 Kcal／dl)肠内营养液。分别于伤前、伤后 1、4、7、10 d抽取静脉血和肝组织,检测血清内毒素和TNF-α浓度,RT-PCR检测肝组织CD14 mR- NA、TNF-α mRNA。结果烫伤后EN、EIN组血清内毒素、TNF-α浓度比伤前血清内毒素 (0．125±0．050)和TNF-α浓度(0．85±0．27)显著升高(P<0．01),且肝组织CD14 mRNA、TNF-α mRNA的表达明显增多;在伤后4、7、10 d,EIN组血清内毒素和TNF-α浓度以及肝组织CD14 mR- NA、TNF-α mRNA的表达均比EN组显著降低(P<0．05或P<0．01)。结论肠内免疫营养与标准肠内营养相比,可明显降低烫伤后血清内毒素水平,减少肝组织CD14 mRNA、TNF-α mRNA的表达,从而降低血清TNF-α浓度,改善烫伤后机体炎症反应。     

免疫增强型肠内营养对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠促抗炎平衡及免疫功能的影响

目的　评价早期免疫增强型肠内营养对重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)大鼠促抗炎平衡及免疫功能的影响。方法　 170只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、2 4h组、SAP对照组、传统肠外营养组(TPN组 )、增强型肠外营养组 (S TPN组 )、传统肠内营养组 (EN组 )和免疫增强型肠内营养组 (S EN组 ) ,胰胆管逆行注射 2 .5 %牛磺胆酸钠建立SAP模型。观察各时点外周血白细胞介素 10 (IL 10 ) /肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)及CD4 /CD8 比值变化。结果　建模第 4天 ,EN组IL 10 /TNF α比值最高 ,S EN组较EN组低 ;第 7天 ,S EN组则最低。S EN组CD4 /CD8 比值在各时点均高于EN组及两肠外营养组。结论　早期免疫增强型肠内营养在调节SAP大鼠促抗炎平衡及免疫功能方面明显优于肠外和传统肠内营养 ,但过早应用可能不利于炎症控制。     

血小板激活因子受体拮抗剂对急性胰腺炎微循环的影响

目的探讨血小板激活因子受体拮抗剂苦杏内酯AB(GAB)对急性胰腺炎(AP)鼠血流变学、胰腺黏附分子表达及胰、胰外器官损害的影响。方法 SD大鼠90只随机分为假手术组 (A组,30只)、AP组(B组,30只)AP加GAB治疗组(C组,30只),观察各组血流变学、酶学、胰腺组织黏附分子E-选择素(E-selectin)、细胞间黏附分子(ICAM)-1表达、胰及肺、肠形态学改变。结果 AP组,低切下全血黏度9．41±0．80、红细胞聚集指数2．38±0．10、红细胞刚性指数4．88± 0．18,胰黏附分子表达评分E-selectin 2．2、ICAM-I 2．3,胰及肺、肠评分或分级病损严重;治疗组上述各血流变学指标依次为7．41±0．51、2．19±0．11、3．98±0．10(与AP组比P<0．01),胰腺组织E- selectin 1．1、ICAM-1 1．1C(与AP组比P<0．01),胰及肺、肠胰外器官病损减轻(P<0．01)。结论 AP时,黏附分子异常表达及血流变异常是导致胰、胰外器官损害的重要病理生理基础,早期应用 PAF受体拮抗剂GAB能有效改善AP血微循环障碍、血流变异常及降低黏附分子表达,对胰及胰外器官损害有保护作用。     

肠内免疫营养对创伤后大鼠肠屏障功能的影响

目的:研究肠内免疫营养对创伤后大鼠肠道屏障功能的影响.方法: 将30只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组,即对照组、普通肠内营养组、肠内免疫营养组.行胃造瘘术后早期分别给予普通饲料、肠内营养剂、肠内免疫营养剂等,行肠内营养7 d,测量小肠黏膜形态和小肠黏膜IgA+、CD3+、CD4+和CD8+细胞数量.结果:小肠绒毛高度、肠腺隐窝深度、黏膜厚度以及绒毛表面积等相关的形态学参数测量值显示,肠内免疫组均优于对照组(P＜0.05),与普通营养组相比差异无统计学意义 (P＞0.05).对照组和普通肠内营养组大鼠小肠黏膜IgA+、CD3+、CD4+和CD8+细胞数低于肠内免疫营养组 (P＜0.05).结论:肠内免疫营养能较好的改善术后大鼠的小肠机械屏障功能,促进小肠黏膜屏障功能的恢复,增强其肠道免疫功能.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.