The phytoestrogens coumoestrol and genistein induce structural chromosomal aberrations in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The clastogenic potential of the phytoestrogens coumoestrol (COUM), genistein (GEN) and daidzein (DAI) has been studied in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. After exposure of the cultured lymphocytes to 50 or 75 μM COUM or 25 μM GEN for 6 h, a clear induction of structural chromosomal aberrations was observed by cytogenetic analysis. The major alterations were chromatid breaks, gaps and interchanges. In contrast, DAI did not induce chromosome aberrations even at 100 μM. These results, together with previously published reports on the induction of micronuclei and DNA strand breaks in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells by COUM and GEN, but not DAI, suggest that some but not all phytoestrogens have the potential for genetic toxicity. Received: 13 August 1998 / Accepted: 26 October 1998     

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of topical delivery and potential dermal use of soy isoflavones genistein and daidzein

Genistein, daidzein, and glycitein are soy isoflavones. These compounds can be used to protect the skin from oxidative stress induced by UVB radiation. To this end, the feasibility of skin absorption of soy isoflavones was evaluated in the present study. As assayed by flow cytometry, UVB-induced H(2)O(2) production in keratinocytes was inhibited by genistein and daidzein, confirming that these two compounds can act as free radical scavengers when keratinocytes are photodamaged. Glycitein showed no protective activity against photodamage. The effects of vehicles on the in vitro topical delivery from saturated solutions such as aqueous buffers and soybean oil were investigated. The isoflavones in a non-ionized form (pH 6) showed higher skin deposition compared to the ionized form (pH 10.8). Soybean oil reduced the isoflavone amount retained in the skin, especially for genistein. Genistein generally exhibited greater skin absorption than did daidzein. However, daidzein permeation was enhanced when an aglycone mixture was used as the active ingredient. An eutectic effect was proposed as the enhancing mechanism. In vivo skin deposition showed a linear correlation with the in vitro results. The safety profiles suggested no or only negligible stratum corneum disruption and skin erythema by topical application of soy isoflavones. It was concluded that topical delivery may serve as a potent route for soy isoflavones against photoaging and photodamage.     

甲状腺功能6项指标联合检测评估甲状腺疾病的价值

目的 探讨甲状腺功能6项指标联合检测评价甲状腺功能及其临床意义.方法 甲状腺疾病患者200例均分为四组:甲状腺功能亢进(A)组、Graves病(B)组、甲状腺功能减退(C)组和桥本甲状腺炎(D)组;另设健康对照组(E组,50例).采用免疫化学发光法检测血清游离三碘甲状腺氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、促甲状腺受体抗体(TRAb)水平,分析组间差异.结果 A组与B组血清FT3、FT4水平明显高于E组,TSH水平低于E组;C组与D组血清FT3、FT4水平明显低于E组,TSH水平高于E组(P＜0.05);五组FT3、FT4、TSH诊断符合率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).A组、B组、C组、D组患者血清TGAb、TPOAb、TRAb阳性率与E组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 联合检测FT3、FT4、TSH和TGAb、TPOAb和TRAb在甲状腺疾病的鉴别诊断、治疗及判断预后具有参考价值,可指导临床用药.     

Effects of manganese ions on thyroid function in rat

Rats were treated with MnSO₄, H₂O (1 mg/100 g/day, SC) for a period of 5 weeks. Thyroxine (T₄) and triiodothyronine (T₃) levels were measured in thyroid by radioimmunoassay. T₄, T₃ and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were also estimated by radioimmunoassay in serum. Manganese treatment produced no change in thyroid T₄ and T₃ levels but induced a significant decrease in serum T₄, T₃ and TSH levels. This decrease can be interpreted as the result of a pituitary alteration which appears to be related to the high accumulation of manganese in the pituitary gland.     

The role of intestinal microflora on daidzein excretion in urine in humans treated with chungpesagantang

This study examined the relationship between the metabolism of the constituents of herbal medicines by human intestinal microflora and the level of metabolites excreted in the urine. This was performed by administering Chungpesagantang (CST) to volunteers and measuring their fecal metabolic activity CST to and urine excretion of daidzein, one of the metabolite of CST The metabolic activity of of CST dadizein was 54.8 +/- 16.7 mmol/h/g wet feces. When CST was administered orally to the subjects, the amount of daidzein excreted in the urine over 24 h was 103.7 +/- 55.8 mg, which accounted for 20.2% of the puerarin, daidzin and daidzein contained in CST. However, neither puerarin nor daidzin were excreted in the urine. The profile of daidzein excreted in the urine was found to be in proportion to that of the metabolic activity of the CST components. This suggests that the daidzein level excreted in the urine of the subjects administered CST is associated with the daidzein glycoside-hydrolyzing activity of the fecal microflora.     

The effects of drugs on tests of thyroid function

Summary Many drugs affect tests of thyroid function through alterations in the synthesis, transport and metabolism of thyroid hormones, as well as via influences on thyrotrophin (TSH) synthesis and secretion. Despite effects on circulating thyroid hormone and TSH levels, few drugs result in important changes in clinical thyroid state, but difficulty in interpretation of thyroid function tests often results. Commonly prescribed drugs including anti-convulsants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, steroid hormones and heparin may result in abnormal thyroid function tests in the absence of clinical features of thyroid dysfunction. In contrast, lithium and iodine containing drugs, including radiographic contrast agents and amiodarone, may result rarely in overt thyroid disease.     

染料木素对狗基底动脉环舒张作用及其机制的离体研究

目的：探讨血管张力变化对染料木素的脑血管保护作用及相关机制的比较。方法：（1）制备狗基底动脉血管环固定于恒温肌槽内,待平衡后,加入各种药物观察血管张力的变化。结果：（1）200μmol／L GST可浓度依赖性地压低氯化钾（KCl）量效曲线,使其明显右移,最大收缩反应和肌条对KCl的敏感性明显降低。（2）无Ca^2＋K—H液中。染料术素对去甲肾上腺素（NA）诱发产生第一时相收缩和CaCl2产生第二时相收缩均具有明显的抑制作用。（3）染料木素可使60mmol／L KCl预收缩基底动脉血管环产生明显的舒张作用,除内皮细胞或加入一氧化氮合酶抑制剂Nω—L-硝基精氨酸1×10^-4mol／L．甲烯兰1×10^-5mol／L．1×10^-5mol／L吲哚美辛或格列本脲1×10^-5mol／L温育后,染料木素对60mmol／L KCl预收缩动脉血管环产生的量效舒张作用无明显改变（P〉0．05）。结论：（1）染料木素对基底动脉血管舒张可能是直接作用于平滑肌而引起的,即抑制电压依赖性的钙通道。无Ca^2＋K—H液中,抑制NA从细胞内释放贮存的Ca^2＋。（2）染料木素对基底动脉血管的舒张作用与内皮细胞及其释放的一氧化氮无关。前列腺素类物质的合成和KATP通道亦无关。     

甲状腺激素的非基因作用与心血管功能

甲状腺激素能通过基因作用及非基因作用对机体几乎所有组织产生生理调节作用,通常认为甲状腺激素发挥其生理作用是由核受体调节基因转录介导的,但越来越多的证据表明甲状腺激素亦可与细胞膜、胞浆或线粒体内受体结合触发非基因信号作用,快速调节心血管功能.长期以来甲状腺激素的非基因作用对心血管功能的影响极少有人涉及,本文综述甲状腺激素通过非核受体、第二信使及效应蛋白介导的非基因作用对心血管系统的影响,旨在为心血管疾病的有效治疗和药物开发提供新的途径或靶点.     

Cyclodextrin encapsulation of daidzein and genistein by grinding: implication on the glycosaminoglycan accumulation in mucopolysaccharidosis type II and III fibroblasts

This work aimed to investigate the potential effect of cyclodextrin encapsulation on intrinsic ability of daidzein (DAD) and genistein (GEN) to inhibit the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis in fibroblasts originating from patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), type II and III. DAD or GEN encapsulation with either 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin or sulphobuthylether-β-cyclodextrin were achieved by neat grinding and were characterised by thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and solubility testing which confirmed the complexes formation with increased solubility with respect to starting compounds. Both isoflavones, as well as their co-ground cyclodextrin complexes reduced GAG levels in the fibroblasts of MPS II and MPS III patients from 54.8–77.5%, in a dose dependent manner, without any significant cytotoxic effect. Cyclodextrin encapsulation did not change the intrinsically high effect of both DAD and GEN on the GAG level reduction in the treated cells, thus could be considered as a part of combination therapies of MPS.     

The effects of desipramine on thyroid hormone concentrations in rat brain

The effects of the antidepressant desipramine on the tissue concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in 9 different regions of the brain and also in the pituitary and liver were investigated in male rats. The investigations were carried out at three different times of the light/dark cycle: 5 a.m., 1 p.m. and 11 p.m. After fourteen days' treatment with 20 mg/ kg/day desipramine by gavage the concentrations of triiodothyronine in the frontal and parieto-occipital cortex were significantly higher than in the saline-treated controls, those in the hippocampus lower and those in the 6 remaining brain regions the same. In 8 areas of the brain the concentrations of thyroxine were lower in the desipramine-treated rats and the tissue ratios of triiodothyronine to thyroxine were enhanced in 6 regions. These effects are most likely the result of the action of desipramine on the activity of the isoenzyme 511 deiodinase. This enzyme catalyzes the deiodination of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in rat brain and its activity has recently been reported to be enhanced by desipramine. The observed effects were dose-dependent and also strongly dependent upon the time within the 24 h light/dark cycle at which the hormone concentrations were measured. No effects of desipramine were seen in the pituitary or liver after 14 days' treatment, or in various areas of the central nervous system 24 h after administration. In view of the psychotropic properties of thyroid hormones, it seems possible that the observed increases in triiodothyronine concentrations, particularly in cortical areas, are involved in the mechanisms of action of desipramine.     

急性心力衰竭患者甲状腺激素改变的临床意义

目的观察急性心力衰竭(acute heart failure,AHF)患者甲状腺激素水平的变化情况。方法用放射免疫方法分析检测50例急性心力衰竭(AHF组)患者甲状腺激素水平和50例健康志愿者(对照组)血清甲状腺激素水平。结果AHF组与对照组相比,血清TT3、FT3值和TT4、FT4值下降,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。测TSH值,两组数值相近,比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论急性心力衰竭患者血清T3、T4水平会下降。可借助血清T4、T3变化预测AHF患者的预后。     

巴曲亭在甲状腺术中的止血效果及对凝血功能影响的应用体会

目的观察巴曲亭在甲状腺术中、术后的止血效果及对凝血功能的影响。方法随机将甲状腺腺叶切除术80例患者分成巴曲亭组和对照组,观察创面止血时间、术中出血量、术后2d创面出血及渗血量及对患者凝血功能的影响。结果巴曲亭组切口止血时间、切口单位面积出血量、术中出血量、术后引流量均少于对照组(P<0.05),两组术前术后凝血功能无显著性差异。结论巴曲亭在甲状腺术中、术后具有较好的止血效果,对患者的凝血功能无影响,是安全有效的止血药物。     

三羟异黄酮对环磷酰胺致神经细胞早期凋亡的干预作用研究

目的观察三羟异黄酮对神经细胞早期凋亡的影响并对其可能机制进行探讨。方法在培养48h的神经细胞中加入高中低3个剂量的三羟异黄酮,30min后加入环磷酰胺8mg/L诱导其发生凋亡,在凋亡的早期阶段以流式细胞仪和扫描电镜进行检测观察,并与环磷酰胺单独给药组作比较。结果譹流式细胞仪检测结果提示三羟异黄酮在一定浓度下可使神经细胞凋亡发生率发生显著的下降,呈现明显的抑制作用;譺扫描电镜观察发现三羟异黄酮可抑制早期凋亡的神经细胞膜改变的程度,与流式细胞仪检测结果一致。结论一定剂量的三羟异黄酮可抑制环磷酰胺致神经细胞凋亡,对神经细胞具有较好的保护性作用。     

慢性肾脏病患者血清甲状腺激素测定的临床意义

目的观察慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者血清甲状腺激素(TH)的变化。方法选择50例CKD患者作为观察组(CKD组),50例同期进行体检的健康人作对照组,测定血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺素(TSH)浓度及肾功能。结果 CKD组FT3(1.76±0.23)pmol/L、FT4(7.26±1.38)pmol/L,明显低于对照组的(5.42±0.56)pmol/L、FT4(16.54±3.73)pmol/L(P<0.05)。CKD组FT3、FT4分别与血尿素氮、肌酐呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论动态监测CKD患者血清TH的变化,对于判断患者的病情轻重与预后具有重要的参考价值。     

The effect of antiepileptic drugs on thyroid hormonal function: causes and implications

Epilepsy is a chronic disease and its treatment is lifelong in one-third of patients. Data from cross-sectional and prospective studies have reviewed the influence of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on thyroid hormones. Thyroid abnormalities were reported in one-third of the patients on AEDs. Subclinical hypothyroidism, reduced thyroxine, triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine and thyroid binding globulin concentrations were reported with phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate and oxcarbazepine, but not with lamotrigine, levitracetam, tiagabine and vigabatrine. All reported patients were clinically euthyroid and hormonal changes were reversible after AED withdrawal. The mechanisms for thyroid dysfunction with AEDs include enhanced metabolism and/or altered protein binding or interference of hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis function. This review focuses on the evidence, mechanisms of thyroid abnormalities with AEDs and their clinical implications. The associations between subclinical hypothyroidism and metabolic risks due to AEDs are also discussed.     

甲状腺手术中喉返神经的显露及保护方法探讨

目的:探讨甲状腺手术中喉返神经损伤的原因及防治措施.方法:回顾性分析我科2007～2011年的107例甲状腺手术患者的临床资料.结果:解剖喉返神经93例110条,行于气管食管沟99条,气管食管沟旁11条,从甲状腺下动脉总干深面通过83条,从动脉分叉深面通过9条,从动脉总干浅面通过5条,从动脉分叉浅面通过2条,从动脉分叉之间通过1条.术后单侧声带活动受限4例,单侧声带固定1例,无双侧声带活动同时受限或固定.经治疗1～3个月声带活动正常4例,改善1例.结论:甲状腺术中是否常规解剖喉返神经取决于术式选择,解剖并保护喉返神经是避免损伤的重要方法之一.     

大豆苷元对人非小细胞肺癌A549、H1299细胞增殖、迁移能力的影响及机制

目的探究大豆苷元(daidzein,Daid)对非小细胞性肺癌细胞株A549和H1299增殖、迁移能力的影响及可能机制。方法以A549和H1299为研究对象,CCK-8法检测Daid(0,5,10,25,50,100,200μmol·L^-1)抑制A549和H1299两种细胞的增殖情况。划痕和Transwell小室实验检测Daid对肺癌细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响。Western blot检测Cleaved Caspase-3和LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ等的蛋白表达。结果与对照组相比,Daid在体外可明显抑制肺癌细胞的增殖,且抑制作用呈浓度依赖关系。Daid(100μmol·L^-1)可明显降低人肺癌细胞A549和H1299的迁移侵袭能力。Western blot结果显示,Daid(100μmol·L^-1)预处理后,两种肺癌细胞的Cleaved Caspase-3及LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ表达升高。结论Daid可抑制人非小细胞肺癌A549和H1299细胞的增殖,使上述细胞的迁移侵袭能力明显下降,其机制可能与Daid诱导细胞凋亡及自噬有关。     

糖尿病与甲状腺激素水平异常相关性研究

目的 探讨糖尿病与甲状腺激素的关系.方法 选取糖尿病患者98例,另选取健康人群40例作为对照组.抽取受检者空腹静脉血5ml,测定其T3、T4、FT3、FT4、TSH、rT3水平,并分析与糖尿病类型、病情、病程的关系.结果 (1)糖尿病与对照组的关系:Ⅰ型DM组和2型DM组T3、T4、FT3、FT4水平均低于对照组,rT3高于对照组(P＜0.05);1型DM组T3、T4、FT3、FT4水平均低于2型DM组,rT3高于2型DM组(P＜0.05).(2)病情与TH关系:7％ ～ 10％组、＞10％～13％组和HbA1c＞ 13％组的T3、FT3及TSH均低于HbA1c ＜7％组(P＜0.05).(3)病程与TH关系:随着病程的延长T3、FT3呈下降趋势,rT3呈上升趋势(P＜0.05).结论糖尿病患者存在甲状腺激素水平异常,监测其甲状腺激素对评价患者糖尿病病情及病程具有重要意义.     

微波消融术与颈部侧切口手术对甲状腺良性结节病人疗效及美容效果的影响

目的研究对比微波消融术与颈部侧切口手术在甲状腺良性结节中效果、安全性。方法选取 2018年 6月至 2020年 6月华北医疗健康集团峰峰总医院甲状腺良性结节病人 117例，依据治疗术式不同分为消融组( 59例)、切除组( 58例)。切除组行颈部侧切口切除术，消融组行超声引导下微波消融术。比较两组手术有关指标情况、并发症以及手术前后创伤程度定量指标［超敏 -C反应蛋白( hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子 -α(TNF-α)、肾上腺素( E)、去甲肾上腺素( NE)］术前、术后 1个月、 12个月甲状腺激素水平［促甲状腺激素( TSH)、游离甲状腺素( FT4)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸( FT3)］、观测者瘢痕评价量表( OSAS)、病人瘢痕自我评分量表( PSAS)、温哥华瘢痕量表( VSS)评分。结果消融组手术时间( 32.75±10.48)min、住院时间( 2.06±0.35)d短于切除组［( 67.03±14.29)min、(5.93±1.42)d］术中出血量( 9.53±1.61)mL、住院费用( 3.91±0.32)千元低于切除组［( 34.12±6.50)mL、(5.57±0.53)千元］(P<0.05)；与术前比较，组术后 6h、24 h血清 hs-CRP、TNF-α、E、NE水平均增高，但消融组较切除组低( P<0.05)；消融组术后 1个月、 12个月血清 TSH水平及术后 6个月、 12个月 OSAS、PSAS、VSS评分低于切除组，术后 1个月、 12个月血清 FT4、FT3水平高于切除组( P<0.05)；消融组术后 12个月总有效率 94.92%低于切除组 98.27%(P>0.05)。结论与颈部侧切口手术相比，微波消融术治疗甲状腺良性结节病人保证疗效的同时，在降低手术创伤、促进术后恢复、减少术后并发症、提升美容效果方面均具有一定优势，且对甲状腺激素、喉返神经功能影响小。