Bilateral irreducible inferior shoulder dislocation: A case report

IntroductionBilateral inferior shoulder dislocation is rare; but the dislocation is almost always reducible by closed means. We present a unique case of irreducible bilateral inferior shoulder dislocation.Presentation of caseA 35-year old male fell down from height. Direct axial loading while both shoulders were fully abducted resulted in bilateral inferior shoulder dislocation. All attempts of closed reduction failed. Open reduction revealed that the cause of irreducibility was the entrapment of the humeral head in a button-hole through the inferior joint capsule and the surrounding soft tissue envelope. At 6 months, there was almost full range of motion and no pain.DiscussionThe direct axial loading resulted in a narrow defect in the inferior joint capsule/soft tissue envelope; and this may have led to button-hole entrapment of the dislocated humeral head and irreducibility. Open reduction required widening of the button-hole while protecting the axillary neurovascular bundle.ConclusionWe present a rare case of bilateral irreducible inferior shoulder dislocation. We highlight the pathomechanics of irreducibility: button-hole entrapment of the humeral head. We emphasize technical tips during open reduction such as widening of the button-hole and protection of the axillary neurovascular bundle. The outcome is good although some limitation of shoulder abduction is to be expected.     

Luxatio humeri erecta. A rare form of inferior shoulder dislocation

In patients with erect dislocation of the shoulder, the arm is typically locked in an upright position. This rare variant of subglenoid luxation always causes damage to the ligamentous structures of the joint and sometimes additional complications arise from neurovascular lesions. Two recent cases are reported here. The mechanism of injury, therapeutic measures and prognosis are discussed.     

创伤性肩关节后脱位的诊断与治疗

目的探讨创伤性肩关节后脱位的诊断方法和治疗效果。方法对2005年5月～2010年10月本院诊治的5例肩关节后脱位进行回顾性研究。5例患者中,本院漏诊1例酒精戒断症状发作后肩关节后脱位,本院及时正确诊断2例,分别为癫痫发作和车祸外伤后肩关节后脱位,外院漏诊2例,分别为车祸和坠落伤。早期正确诊断的2例中,1例行早期闭合复位,1例行切开复位;3例漏诊致陈旧性脱位患者,其中2例行改良McLaughlin手术切开治疗,1例放弃复位治疗。结果随访2～4年（平均32个月）,早期闭合复位的1例UCLA肩关节评分33分,早期正确诊断并行切开复位的1例UCLA肩关节评分31分,漏诊的陈旧性肩关节后脱位中2例手术治疗的UCLA肩关节评分分别为27分和30分,未予复位者UCLA肩关节评分22分,但随访时对结果表示满意。结论临床上对肩关节后脱位缺乏足够认识是造成漏诊的主要原因,早期诊断、早期复位是获得良好肩关节功能的重要保证。     

Anterior traumatic dislocation of the shoulder in children]

The authors present two cases (two boys, aged 11.5 and 13.5 years) with traumatic dislocation of the shoulder following traffic accidents. Proper diagnostic management and closed reduction gave good final results. A review of literature on this type of dislocation, rarely seen in children is presented.     

Anterior capsulolabral reconstruction for traumatic recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation

The anterior capsulolabral reconstruction (ACLR) has been shown to yield satisfactory results predominantly in overhead athletes with atraumatic anterior shoulder instability. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical results of patients who underwent ACLR for recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation. A retrospective review of 41 patients, mean age 29 (range: 16 to 55 years) who underwent ACLR for traumatic recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation was performed. All patients reported a traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation with subsequent recurrent instability. Seven patients had undergone previous shoulder stabilization surgery which had failed. The mean number of previous dislocations was 4.5 (range: 1 to 15). There were 31 males and 10 females, and the dominant arm was involved in 24 patients. In all cases, the capsulolabral complex was detached from the glenoid rim. The mean follow-up was 3.6 years (range: 15 to 80 months). All patients were evaluated by physical examination. The mean modified Rowe score was 93.6 (range: 65 to 100). There were 32 excellent, 5 good, 1 fair, and 2 poor results. Instability was eliminated in 38 patients (93%). Of 25 patients who engaged in recreational sports, all were able to return to their previous level of participation. One patient sustained a traumatic redislocation and underwent revision surgery. Two patients reported atraumatic recurrent subluxation with one requiring revision surgery due to persistent symptoms of instability. There was no loss of range of motion in comparison to preoperative values. Of the seven shoulders that had undergone previous surgery, all remain stable. These results indicate that a glenoid-sided capsulolabral reconstruction can restore shoulder stability in patients with recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation. Success rates comparable to those of other open anterior shoulder repair procedures can be achieved.     

Results of treatment of fresh traumatic dislocation of the shoulder

This is a report about the treatment and the results of 100 patients with primary traumatic dislocations of the shoulder. Dependent on the age of the patient the shoulder was kept in place after the reduction either by a shoulder-arm-plaster-cast for 3 weeks or by Desault's bandage for 4-7 days. 68 patients were controlled clinically and roentgenologically 1-6 years after the dislocation. The sight was kept on the function of the joint, on the development of calcifications of the capsule and on the occurrence of recurrent dislocations.     

Arthroscopic double-loaded single-row repair in chronic traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation

Purpose

We evaluated the clinical results of arthroscopic double-loaded single-row repair for chronic anterior shoulder dislocation.

Methods

From January 2007 to December 2008, of the 47 shoulders with chronic anterior shoulder dislocation that consecutively underwent arthroscopic double-loaded single-row repair using bio-absorbable suture anchors containing two non-absorbable braided sutures, 45 shoulders (95.7?%) had successful follow-up for a minimum of 2?years. The mean age of patients was 23.7?years, the mean frequency of dislocations before surgery was 6.8 events, and the mean interval between the initial dislocation and surgery was 47.9?months. Clinical results were evaluated using ASES, Rowe, VAS score, and range of motion before surgery and at the final follow-up.

Results

The mean number of suture anchors was 3.38 (range 2–6) and the mean number of stitches was 6.32 (range 4–10). Four of the 45 cases had recurrence (8.9?%). Of these four, three cases underwent re-operation using the same method and the other one case showed no specific discomfort except a one-time dislocation that underwent conservative treatment. The preoperative and the final follow-up ASES and Rowe scores were statistically significantly improved (P?P?P?>?0.05), but external rotation at the side was significantly decreased (P?=?0.001).

Conclusions

Arthroscopic double-loaded single-row repair using suture anchors, containing two sutures in chronic anterior shoulder dislocation, is a reliable procedure with respect to recurrence rate, range of motion, and shoulder function.     

The rate of recurrence of traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder

Summary We have reviewed the history of 154 primary, traumatic dislocations of the shoulder in order to determine the risk of recurrence. We found a recurrence rate of 68% in patients under the age of 20, after a follow-up period of 1–9 years (average 4.5 years). There was a highly significant difference (p<0.0001) in the recurrence rate of patients under, and above, 30 years of age. Twenty per cent of the patients had a concurrent minor fracture at the shoulder with 2 out of 39 of the recurrent cases (5%) and 29 of the 115 non-recurrent cases (25%); this is also a significant difference (p<0.01). Neither the need for general anaesthesia at primary injury nor the occupation of the patient was a relevant factor in the final outcome of the dislocation. Four nerve injuries were encountered (3%), with no severe sequelae at follow-up. The young patient with no concurrent fracture at the time of the primary shoulder dislocation has a high risk of recurrence.

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Résumé Afin d'évaluer le risque de récidive, on a revu 154 observations de luxations traumatiques primitives. 68% des patients âgés de moins de 20 ans ont présenté une récidive après une période variant de 1 à 9 ans (4.5 ans en moyenne). Le pourcentage de récidive, au dessus ou au dessous de l'âge de 30 ans, diffère de façon hautement significative (p<0.001). Vingt pour cent des cas présentaient également une fracture mineure de l'épaule, parmi lesquels 2 sur les 39 cas de récidive (5%) et 29 sur les 115 cas de non-récidive (25%). Cette différence est également significative (p<0.01). Ni la nécessité d'une anesthésie générale à l'occasion de la première réduction, ni le métier du patient n'étaient des facteurs influant sur le résultat final. Quatre lésions nerveuses (3%) ont été observées, aucune n'a entraîné de séquelles. Chez les patients jeunes qui présentent une première luxation de l'épaule sans fracture, le risque de récidive est très élevé.

     

The fate of traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder in children.

The cases of twenty-one patients who had open physes and were treated for radiographic evidence of traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder at either the Adelaide Childrens Hospital or The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, during a fifteen-year period, were reviewed. All twenty-one patients had had one or more recurrent dislocations. Treatment, which included immobilization in a sling and swathe for as long as six weeks, had no effect on the rate of recurrence.     

A new method of immobilization after traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder: a preliminary study

This preliminary prospective study was conducted to determine whether immobilization with the arm in external rotation would decrease the rate of recurrence after initial traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Forty patients with initial shoulder dislocations were assigned to (1) conventional immobilization in internal rotation (IR group, n = 20) or (2) a new method of immobilization in external rotation (ER group, n = 20). The recurrence rate was 30% in the IR group and 0% in the ER group at a mean 15.5 months. The difference in recurrence rate was even greater among those who were aged less than 30 years (45% in the IR group and 0% in the ER group). Immobilization with the arm in external rotation is effective in reducing the rate of recurrence after initial dislocation of the shoulder.