阵发性房颤终止后长间歇患者心电图指标分析

目的探讨阵发性房颤终止后长间歇患者窦性心律时心电图指标的特征及长间歇可能的机制。方法阵发性房颤的患者170例,根据房颤发作终止后是否出现≥2 s的RR长间歇,分为长RR间歇组(长间歇组)70例和无长RR间歇组(对照组)100例。比较两组年龄、性别、房颤病史、基础疾病、黑矇或晕厥的发生率、心脏超声学指标、抗心律失常药物使用情况的差异。同时比较两组患者窦性心律时的心电图指标,包括24 h窦性平均心率、静息心率、Ⅱ导联P波时限和振幅、PR间期、QRS时限、QT间期、QTc间期、ST段形态、T波形态、有无传导异常、有无右束支和左束支传导阻滞、有无Brugada波和J波。结果两组患者黑矇或晕厥的发生率有明显差异(P<0.001);两组患者的窦性24 h平均心率、窦性静息心率、PR间期、QT间期及QTc间期的平均水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论阵发性房颤患者房颤终止后窦性心律时心电图出现心率减慢、PR间期延长、QT间期和QTc间期延长者有出现阵发性房颤终止后长间歇的可能。     

房颤伴长RR间期与睡眠的相关性分析

目的探讨动态心电图(DCG)中房颤伴长RR间期的临床意义。方法回顾性分析58例动态心电图房颤伴长RR间期:与睡眠相关的为A组38例(65%);与睡眠无关的为B组20例(35%)。并分析房颤伴长RR间期24小时平均心率、逸搏出现的频度及伴随症状。结果结果 A组长间歇的出现与睡眠相关性高于B组(p<0.05),A组平均心率高于B组(p<0.05),B组逸搏出现的频度明显高于A组(p<0.01),A组患者长间歇时仅有1例头昏和黑朦,B组患者长间歇时有12例出现头晕、黑朦或晕厥,均发生在清醒活动时。结论房颤伴长RR间期出现的时间长短、睡眠相关性、24小时平均心率、逸搏出现的频率以及不同的病因,为指导使用抗心律失常药物、射频消融、人工心脏起搏器安装具有重要的临床意义。     

美托洛尔对伴长RR间期的持续性心房颤动患者的影响

目的评价美托洛尔在伴长RR间期(RR间期>1.5 s)的持续性心房颤动(简称房颤)患者中应用的疗效及安全性。方法 100例持续性房颤伴RR间期>1.5 s的患者,采用美托洛尔25 mg每日2次,治疗2周。观察治疗前后24 h和清醒状态时有RR间期≥2.5 s的患者比率,最长RR间期、平均心室率、最大心室率、最小心室率及心率变异性(HRV)的时域参数[24 h RR间期均值的标准差(SDNN)、相邻RR间期差值均方根(RMSSD)]和频域参数[高频(HF)、低频成分(LF)]。结果除3例自发转复为窦性心律,1例应用地高辛,1例失访外,最终入选95例。治疗后,最长RR间期从2 200±540(1 500～3 520)ms延长到2 400±490(1 510～3 560)ms(P<0.001);平均心室率、最大心室率、最小心室率均显著降低(79.78±13.31次/分vs 93.67±15.74次/分,151.82±25.08次/分vs 175.64±24.32次/分,40.78±9.79次/分vs 47.04±11.49次/分,P均<0.01);SDNN、RMSSD、HF和LF均显著增加(233.9±40.8 ms vs 209.7±54.2 ms,270.1±74.0 ms vs 240.2±40.8 ms,18 572.2±6 667.4 ms2 vs 13 997.0±5 491.3 ms2,11 373.7±4 486.6 ms2 vs 8 599.4±3 669.3 ms2,P均<0.01);全天有RR间期≥2.5s的患者,治疗前后无差异[36.8%(35/95)vs 28.4%(27/95),P>0.05];清醒状态有RR间期≥2.5 s的患者,治疗后较治疗前无明显增多[8.4%(8/95)vs 6.3%(6/95),P>0.05]。无近似晕厥及晕厥等不良事件发生。结论对于有β受体阻滞剂适应证伴有长RR间期的持续性房颤患者,口服美托洛尔仍然是安全有效的。     

噪音反转现象类似心室起搏、感知不良一例

1例因心房颤动(简称房颤)伴长RR间期植入VVI起搏器患者,术后房颤伴快速心室率时心电图出现起搏脉冲间歇不能夺获心室,类似心室起搏、感知不良。通过药物减慢心室率后起搏、感知功能均正常,经程控仪调取起搏器腔内图发现实为起搏器噪音反转功能在发挥作用。结论:房颤伴长RR间期植入VVI起搏器后在心室率快时如出现最短起搏脉冲间期和起搏脉冲与之前某个R波间期相等,则可能为起搏器噪音反转,需和起搏器起搏、感知功能不良鉴别。     

心室率控制满意的慢性心房颤动患者的动态心电图表现

目的评价心室率控制满意的持续性心房颤动(房颤)患者的24小时动态心电图(Holter)表现。 方法选择心室率控制满意的122例伴有器质性心脏病的持续性房颤患者。心功能(NYHA)分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级。回顾性分析其Holter，观察心室率及长RR间期的动态表现，并对部分患者进行随访。 结果Holter检查结果示日平均心室率为78.53±8.12(65～90)次/分。平均最快心率143.79±28.85(90～183)次/分，平均最慢心率51.04±7.52(34～71)次/分。62/122例(50.82%)出现＜50次/分的心动过缓。32/122例(26.23%)出现＜45次/分的心动过缓。95/122例(77.87%)出现＞1.5秒的长RR间期，平均最长RR间期为2.38±0.55(4.64～1.60)秒。14/122例(11.48%)出现＞3.0秒的长RR间期。随访结果表明，长RR间期未见进一步加重。 结论心室率控制满意的房颤患者，休息及睡眠时出现长RR间期及心动过缓是常见现象。     

心房颤动患者RR长间期的分布规律及其临床意义

目的观察心房颤动(简称房颤)时RR长间期的发作规律及射频消融术后的变化,探讨房颤RR长间期的临床意义。方法记录并分析持续性/永久性房颤患者动态心电图中RR长间期发生时间及次数,对因永久性房颤行环肺静脉电隔离(CPVA)术治疗者,观察其转复窦性心律后房室传导阻滞发生情况。结果205例患者中203例(99.02%)出现≥1.5s长间期,24:00时至凌晨04:00时出现次数最多,10:00时至12:00时次之。62例接受CPVA术的永久性房颤患者均伴长RR间期,全部成功终止房颤转复窦性心律,术后心电图示6例Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞(AVB)(9.7%),未发现Ⅱ度AVB,3例因窦房结功能障碍置入永久起搏器。结论持续性/永久性房颤患者常见≥1.5s的RR长间期,绝大多数并非病理性房室传导阻滞所致。     

伴长RR间期患者动态心电图监测临床分析

目的探讨动态心电图分析长RR间期预测心源性猝死有效的方法。方法对105例动态心电图检查结果出现长RR≥2000ms者结合其日常生活日志进行回顾性分析。结果 105例患者出现长RR的状况如下:1长RR间期可出现在房颤伴长RR40例,窦性停搏18例,窦房传导阻滞15例,房室传导阻滞(包括Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度及高度房室传导阻滞)31例,早搏后长间歇10例;2最长RR可达6.74 s;3长RR间期多见于夜间睡眠期(0:00~5:00),白天清醒期少见;4长RR3 000 ms时患者会出现黑曚、晕厥等症状。结论动态心电图长RR分析对于预测临床上心源性猝死是简单有效的方法。     

植入型心电事件记录仪在不明原因晕厥中的应用价值:单中心经验

目的探讨植入型心电事件记录仪(ILR)在不明原因晕厥患者中的应用价值,并筛选可能的心律失常源性晕厥预测因素。方法连续入选2013年1月至2018年10月在大连医科大学附属第一医院诊断为不明原因晕厥,且植入ILR的患者37例,年龄(59±19)岁,男24例。植入后进行常规随访,每3~6个月进行1次随访,主要随访内容:症状、程控事件、是否发生晕厥。如患者发生晕厥,通知回院就诊,接受程控和心电学检查,分析晕厥病因及心律失常类型和相关危险因素。结果共22例(59.46%,22/37)患者记录到晕厥事件,其中9例为窦性心动过缓或窦性停搏,6例为三度或高度房室传导阻滞,1例为室性心动过速,2例为室上性心动过速,4例为心房颤动(房颤)伴RR长间歇(>2 s),在植入后(187.73±177.12)d发生晕厥事件。1例患者记录到房颤伴RR长间歇,但未发生晕厥。16例患者植入永久起搏器,1例患者植入心律转复除颤器,2例患者行导管消融治疗。对性别、年龄、合并基础疾病、植入前晕厥次数、心电信息等进行分析发现,动态心电图中存在RR长间歇(>2 s)是预测晕厥发作的影响因素。结论植入ILR可使不明原因晕厥患者获得明确诊断并接受相应治疗,ILR是明确晕厥病因的有效手段之一。动态心电图中存在RR长间歇(>2 s)是心律失常原因晕厥的重要预测因素。     

伴长RR间期的慢性心房颤动患者心率特点

慢性心房颤动 (房颤 )是临床上最常见的心律失常之一[1] ,部分患者伴有长ＲＲ间期或心动过缓 ,对此类患者是否需要植入心脏起搏器或用药物调整心率 ?为此 ,我们做了前瞻性研究 ,对 5 6例患者进行了 4～ 4 5年临床动态心电图随访。资料和方法　病例选择 :从 1997年至今的门诊及住院的器质性心脏病合并慢性房颤者筛选 5 6例患者。入选标准 :动态心电图记录到 2 4ｈ内 >1 3ｓ的ＲＲ间期 3次以上 ,或平均心室率在 6 0次 /ｍｉｎ以下者。排除洋地黄中毒、使用β受体阻滞剂、和甲状腺功能减退者。患者无黑或晕厥现象 ,其中男性 4 0例 ,女性 16…     

伴长R-R间期心房颤动患者应用美托洛尔的安全性研究

目的探讨美托洛尔治疗伴有长R-R间期心房颤动(房颤)患者的安全性。方法入选68例伴长R-R间期的房颤患者,根据治疗前长R-R间期与睡眠的关系分为睡眠相关组(44例)和睡眠无关组(24例),两组患者治疗前后均进行24 h动态心电图监测,比较两组患者应用美托洛尔前、后长R-R间期及心动过缓相关症状发生的情况。结果应用美托洛尔1月后,两组患者睡眠状态最长R-R间期均较用药前延长[(睡眠相关组(2650±146.0)ms vs.(2315±129.5)ms;睡眠无关组(2549±201.9)ms vs.(2764±171.1)ms;P0.05],而在非睡眠状态下,睡眠无关组最长R-R间期明显延长[(2262±105.8)ms vs.(2406±120.2)ms;P0.05]且24 h长R-R间期阵数增加[(48.6±13.5)次vs.(63.8±10.9)次;P0.05],而睡眠相关组患者最长R-R间期及24 h长R-R间期阵数无明显变化(P0.05)。睡眠相关组无1例发生黑朦、晕厥等症状,而在睡眠无关组患者中,2例(8.33%)患者发生黑朦,无患者发生晕厥。结论对与睡眠相关性长R-R间期的房颤患者,应用美托洛尔进行心室率控制相对安全;但对与睡眠无关性长R-R间期房颤患者,应用美托洛尔需谨慎并应密切观察有无心动过缓的相关症状。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.