手部神经血管蒂皮瓣的临床应用

我院自１９６２年５月至１９９２年１月，应用手部神经血管蒂皮瓣７２例，其中指神经血管蒂皮瓣３８例，示指背侧岛状皮瓣（第Ⅰ掌骨背动脉）２４例，手背第Ⅱ掌骨背动脉皮瓣７例，小鱼际皮瓣３例，修复手部皮肤缺损。术后除１例指神经血管蒂皮瓣失败外，余均成活，经１个月～１２年随访功能优良率为９４．４％。我们在文中介绍了各种皮瓣的优缺点，皮瓣设计，手术要点，并讨论了皮瓣的解剖学规律及手术适应证。     

手部神经血管蒂皮瓣的临床应用

我院自１９６２年５月至１９９２年１月，应用手部神经血管蒂皮瓣２７例，其中指神经血管蒂皮瓣３８例，示指背侧岛状皮瓣（第Ｉ掌骨背动脉）２４例，手背第ＩＩ骨背动脉皮瓣７例，小鱼际皮瓣３例，修复手部皮肤损。术后除１例指神经血管蒂皮瓣失败外，余均成活，经１２上月－１２年随访功能优良率为９４．４％。我们在文中介绍了各种皮瓣的优缺点，皮瓣设计，手术要点，并讨论了皮瓣的解剖学规律及手术适应证。     

皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损

目的 探讨以指动脉或尺动脉远端皮穿支为蒂的皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣,修复手部软组织缺损的手术方法 和临床疗效.方法 根据缺损部位的不同,分别对32例手部皮肤软组织缺损进行修复,其中采用指动脉背侧穿支蒂指神经背侧支逆行皮瓣5例,拇指动脉背侧穿支蒂的拇尺背侧皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣15例,指动脉指蹼穿支蒂的手背皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣7例,尺动脉腕上皮穿支蒂的前臂内侧皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣修复5例.皮瓣切取面积为1.9 cm×2.0 cm～7.0 cm×10.0 cm.在修复指腹软组织缺损的患者中,将皮瓣中的皮神经与受区掌侧指神经缝合12例.结果 除1例皮瓣远端部分静脉回流障碍外,其余皮瓣均存活.术后随访时间为3个月～4年,皮瓣外形满意,手功能恢复良好.12例缝合指神经者,皮瓣两点分辨觉为10～12 mm.结论 穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣手术简便,血供可靠,可重建感觉功能,是修复手部创面的良好方法.     

缝合神经的掌骨背逆行筋膜蒂皮瓣修复逆行指动脉皮瓣术后供区皮肤缺损

目的：探讨采用缝合神经的掌骨背逆行筋膜蒂皮瓣修复逆行指动脉皮瓣切取后指神经裸露及软组织缺损的方法及疗效。方法应用缝合神经的掌骨背逆行筋膜蒂皮瓣修复逆行指动脉皮瓣移植后供区软组织缺损20例21指,软组织缺损面积：1.5 cm×2.0 cm～2.0 cm×3.0 cm。随访检测患指皮瓣外观、关节活动度及感觉等指标。结果术后20例皮瓣全部成活。术后经5个月随访,修复后患指指动脉皮瓣供区外形饱满,质地柔软,局部皮肤感觉及供区各关节活动范围令人满意。结论采用缝合神经的掌骨背逆行筋膜蒂皮瓣修复逆行指动脉皮瓣切取后供区指神经裸露及软组织缺损是有效而简单的方法,并可获得良好的外形及功能。     

第2掌骨背神经筋膜蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复食指创面

目的报道第2掌骨背神经筋膜蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复食指创面的临床应用效果。方法采用第2掌骨背神经筋膜蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复食指不同的缺损创面33例。结果33例皮瓣均成活,1例供区植皮部分坏死,经换药后瘢痕愈合。结论第2掌骨背神经筋膜蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复食指各种缺损创面具有操作简单,手术时间短,技术要求低,术后易观察及护理,皮瓣成活率高,基层医院易开展等优点。     

改良示指背岛状筋膜皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损

自Foucher(1979)提出示指背侧皮瓣修复拇指术以来，临床应用日益增多。但由于皮瓣的轴型血管第一掌背动脉有3种类型，实际应用不易掌握，失败病例时有发生。改良示指背岛状筋膜蒂皮瓣蒂部含有第一掌背动脉、示指背静脉、桡神经浅支的示指背侧神经。该蒂有纵横交错的血管供血，手术操作简便、安全可靠，皮瓣成活率高，并发症少。本院1998年10月～2001年9月应用改良示指背侧岛状筋膜皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损21例，现报道如下。１应用解剖第二掌指骨桡背侧皮肤血供主要为第一掌背动脉，该动脉在拇长伸肌腱尺侧缘与第二掌骨桡侧缘相交处始发，向…     

手部皮肤软组织缺损的皮瓣修复

目的探讨不同类型岛状皮瓣修复手部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法根据手部组织缺损的部位及损伤情况，应用双侧神经血管蒂推进瓣，指固有动脉蒂岛状瓣，掌背动脉蒂岛状瓣等手部带感觉的岛状皮瓣修复手部创面118例。结果除3例皮瓣远端部分坏死外，其余皮瓣成活良好。术后随访6个月至1年，皮瓣外形满意，质地柔软耐磨，两点辨别觉3～10mm。结论根据手部皮肤软组织缺损情况，选择不同类型的皮瓣修复，着重再建手的感觉和外形。     

指动脉背侧支筋膜蒂皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨应用指动脉背侧支筋膜蒂皮瓣修复手部皮肤缺损的临床疗效。方法应用指动脉背侧支筋膜蒂皮瓣修复手部皮肤缺损35例,皮瓣面积：1．5cm×1．5cm×2．0cm×3．0cm。结果本组皮瓣全部成活．皮瓣质地柔软,外观满意,弹性好。结论该术式避免指掌侧固有血管、神经的损伤,手术操作简便．是临床修复手部皮肤缺损的良好方法。     

显微外科皮瓣移植围手术期的观察及护理

1999～2006年我科共进行各类皮瓣移植修复手术100例,因特别强调了围手术期的精心观察与护理,皮瓣全部成活,取得了良好的效果,现将体会报道如下.1临床资料 本组100例,男77例,女23例,年龄5～82岁.皮瓣类型:前踝上皮瓣移植10例,吻合血管的肩胛背皮瓣游离移植10例,拇背甲皮瓣移植2例,股前外侧皮瓣游离移植3例,断指再植2例,腓肠神经伴行血管筋膜逆行岛状皮瓣15例,前臂骨间背动脉蒂岛状皮瓣16例,额浅动脉岛状皮瓣9例,食指背皮瓣5例,指、趾动脉蒂逆行岛状皮瓣3例,桡、尺动脉蒂岛状皮瓣各1例,邻指邻近皮瓣23例均成活.     

掌背皮瓣动脉血管变异实施静脉动脉化皮瓣补救二例

在治疗手部皮肤软组织缺损的手术中,应用带蒂掌背皮瓣进行修复是常用的方法之一,然而,有时临床上因为掌背动脉血管的变异,在施行掌背皮瓣游离手术完毕后未见皮瓣有良好的血供,往往会导致手术失败。2010年3月至2010年9月,我科遇到掌背皮瓣动脉血管变异2例,经改用动脉化静脉皮瓣解决,皮瓣存活,修复效果满意。     

封闭负压引流结合掌背动脉穿支皮瓣、掌长肌腱移植修复手背复合组织缺损

目的探讨封闭负压引流(VSD)技术结合逆行掌背动脉穿支岛状皮瓣、掌长肌腱移植修复手背复合组织缺损的临床疗效。方法应用VSD技术结合逆行掌背动脉穿支岛状皮瓣、掌长肌腱移植修复11例手背复合组织缺损患者。组织缺损面积1.8 cm×2.0 cm~3.0 cm×6.0 cm,切取皮瓣面积2.0 cm×2.5 cm~3.5 cm×7.0 cm。结果切取第2掌背动脉穿支岛状皮瓣7例,第3掌背动脉穿支岛状皮瓣2例,第4掌背动脉皮瓣皮支岛状皮瓣2例。皮瓣全部成活,无皮瓣感染病例。患者均获得随访,时间7~25个月。伤指关节功能、皮瓣外形较满意。末次随访时按手指总主动活动度(TAM)标准评估伤指功能:优6例,良3例,中2例。结论 VSD可有效控制创面炎症,结合逆行掌背动脉穿支岛状皮瓣、掌长肌腱移植修复手背复合组织缺损,外形及功能恢复满意、血运可靠,是一种较好的修复方法。     

桡动脉腕背分支为蒂的手背逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨手背部桡动脉腕背分支为蒂的三种逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣的手术方法及临床应用。方法桡动脉在腕背鼻烟窝穿出,与尺动脉掌深弓吻合之前,发出腕背皮支、第1掌背动脉、拇指背侧支以三支动脉为蒂,形成逆行鼻烟窝皮瓣、第1掌背动脉皮瓣、拇指背侧动脉皮瓣,修复虎口挛缩和指、示指、腕掌、腕背侧皮肤缺损。结果切取桡动脉腕背皮支逆行岛状皮瓣13例,修复拇指、虎口、指、腕掌、腕背组织损伤及缺损。术后随访皮瓣外形及手功能恢复效果满意。结论桡动脉腕背分支行岛状筋膜皮瓣血运好,质地柔软,切取方便,不牺牲主要动脉,是修复手部皮肤缺损的一种简单安全、损伤小的方法。     

第二掌背动脉岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的：通过解剖学研究，设计第２掌背动脉岛状皮瓣，临床修复手部皮肤缺损，获得成功。方法：对５０只经动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人手标本，在放大镜下观察第２掌背动脉及伴行静脉的起端，皮支、终末支的走行；测量血管各部位的直径。结果：第２掌背动脉终末支分布于第２指蹼、示中指近节皮肤；皮支和其它掌背、掌指动脉间有丰富的吻合支。临床应用８例，顺行皮瓣７例，逆行１例。修复手背、拇指皮肤缺损，皮瓣全部成活。结论：临床应用第２掌背动脉为蒂的岛状皮瓣时，可设计成顺行或逆行皮瓣，均能成活。     

The distally-based dorsal hand flap

The planning and clinical applications of a series of reverse dorsal hand flaps are described. This new flap is based on a direct cutaneous branch of the dorsal metacarpal artery. It is particularly useful in resurfacing web spaces as well as dorsal metacarpal and phalangeal skin defects. The behaviour of 21 such flaps, all raised in the form of an island, was that of a conventional axial pattern flap.     

指背动脉蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端皮肤缺损

介绍一种修复手指末端皮肤缺损的新型逆行岛状皮瓣。对12只新鲜尸体手标本分别经桡动脉灌注红色乳胶及制作动脉铸型标本对照观察，并对掌背动脉及指背动脉进行显微解剖，可见掌背动脉与掌侧动脉在近节指骨底有交通支相连，掌背动脉的终末支指背动脉，与指掌侧固有动脉的背侧分支在指背形成丰富的血管吻合网。指背动脉与指掌侧固有动脉的吻合支丰富，可以其为蒂，设计成逆行岛状皮瓣。2002年6月-2004年8月，临床应用该皮瓣修复手指末端皮肤缺损16例，皮瓣全部成活，平均随访11(2—26)个月，所有皮瓣质软、弹性好，供区无明显畸形，患者满意。该皮瓣设计合理、血供可靠、操作简便，适于手指末端软组织缺损的修复。     

双轴点掌背皮动脉皮瓣修复腕手指软组织缺损

目的探讨应用双轴点掌背皮动脉皮瓣修复腕或手指软组织缺损的手术方法及其疗效. 方法 1995年～2003年,通过解剖学研究发现,由掌背动脉发出的近侧及远侧皮支在皮下组织内形成恒定的弓状动脉吻合,以其近侧或远侧皮支为蒂,手背皮肤为供区,可形成顺行或逆行岛状皮瓣.临床应用了27例,采用顺行修复手背3例,皮瓣范围2.0 cm×4.0 cm～4.0 cm×6.0 cm;逆行修复手指24例,其中食指12例,中指6例,环指4例,小指2例,皮瓣范围 2.5 cm× 3.5 cm～3.0 cm×7.0 cm.供区均直接闭合. 结果术后皮瓣均成活.经1～3年随访,皮瓣外形及手功能满意,术后3个月开始恢复感觉,1年后恢复保护性感觉.供区外形及功能正常. 结论以掌背皮动脉为蒂的顺行或逆行皮瓣修复腕或手指软组织缺损,是一种较好的手术方法.     

Dorsal metacarpal flaps

The history of dorsal metacarpal flaps and their anatomical basis is described. In thirty hand dissections, the fascial variety of the first dorsal metacarpal artery was present in 90% and the second dorsal metacarpal artery in 97%. The origin, course, branches and termination of these arteries are illustrated. Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter studies of the vessels in 52 hands are presented but shown to be unhelpful clinically. Two patients in whom the second dorsal metacarpal flap was used, are described and possible difficulties delineated.     

Dorsal branches of superficial radial nerve: an anatomic study with potential clinical applications

An anatomical study was performed to assess the course of the dorsal branches of superficial radial nerve and to investigate potential clinical applications in hand surgery. Eight upper extremities were dissected, using an operating microscope. All branching points of the superficial radial nerve were noted and the distances from the radial styloid process were recorded. Their proximity to neighboring vascular structures was noted. The superficial branches of the radial nerve can vascularize axial neurofasciocutaneous flaps via their paraneural arterial network. In addition, various reverse neurofasciocutaneous flaps may be harvested, based on dorsal branches of the superficial radial nerve. The nerve can be anastomosed with a suitable nerve in the recipient area. The dorsal branches of the superficial radial nerve can easily be added to the reverse first dorsal metacarpal artery flap and other reverse dorsal metacarpal artery flaps, thus making it possible to form a sensate flap. These branches may be anastomosed with nerves in the recipient site, such as dorsal branches of digital nerve stump, without significant donor site morbidity. A free sensate first dorsal artery flap can be prepared with a combination of dorsal branches of the superficial radial nerve and used with the same indications as a free digital artery flap. It has some advantages over the free digital artery flap, because the main neurovascular structures of the finger are kept intact. Finally, a dorsal nerve branch which accompanies the first dorsal metacarpal artery may be harvested with this artery and a subcutaneous dorsal vein as vascularized nerve graft. It can be used to repair a digital nerve defect in dense scar tissue. Received: 3 January 2000     

Combined first dorsal metacarpal artery flap and dorsal transposition flap for correction of extensive first web space contracture: a case report and literature review

First web space contracture is a common sequela after hand trauma and exerts tremendously negative effects on hand function. To restore hand function, it is mandatory to release contracted first web structures, which usually results in a large skin defect. Dorsal transposition flaps sometimes are not sufficient to cover the whole defect. Microvascular flaps provide abundant soft tissue, but they are lengthy procedures and exhibit risks of complete flap failure. In this study, we present an alternative approach to address this difficult clinical problem. A 25-year-old man developed extensive contracture over the first web space after trauma. After release of the contracted structures, the extensive skin defect was covered by a dorsal transposition flap with an extension to the territory of the first dorsal metacarpal artery flap. The functional and cosmetic results were excellent, without recurrence of contracture postoperatively. The combined first dorsal metacarpal artery flap and dorsal transposition flap appeared to be an effective and relatively simple method for the reconstruction of severe first web space contracture.