HBV阴性与阳性非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者的临床特征分析

目的分析非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)患者乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的感染状况及HBV阳性NHL患者的临床特征。方法回顾性分析285例NHL患者及同期就诊的其他患者796例(排除肝癌患者)HBV感染情况,将285例NHL患者分为HBV阳性组(n=51)和HBV阴性组(n=234),比较两组患者临床症状、BCL-2蛋白、Ki-67蛋白的表达情况,并分析影响NHL预后的因素。结果285例NHL患者乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、核心抗体(HBcAb)阳性率均高于其他患者(均P<0.05),乙肝表面抗体(HBsAb)阳性率低于其他患者(P<0.05)。HBV阳性组B细胞型居多(P<0.05),两组在肝功能、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平、Ann Arbor分期、IPI评分、ECOG评分、化疗后HBV再激活、BCL-2蛋白表达发生率等方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。HBV阳性组治疗总反应率低于HBV阴性组。单因素分析结果显示年龄≥60岁、HBV阳性、化疗后HBV再激活、肝功能异常、血清LDH升高、Ann Arbor分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、淋巴瘤国际预后指数(IPI)评分中高危、ECOG评分≥2分以及BCL-2蛋白高表达是影响NHL患者总生存率的不利因素(均P<0.05),而获得缓解是有利因素(P<0.05)。结论NHL患者HBV感染率高于其他患者,HBV阳性NHL多分期晚,治疗反应率低,提示NHL的发生和发展与可能HBV感染具有相关性。     

Increased risk of type 2 diabetes in noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection without evidence of cirrhosis have an increased risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) and to evaluate possible risk factors for diabetes in this group. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of 45 consecutive eligible patients with HCV infection and no clinical, scintigraphic, or histological evidence of cirrhosis, and a control group of 90 subjects without liver disease matched by age, sex, and body mass index and similar in their origin distribution. Eighty-eight patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with no evidence of cirrhosis were also evaluated. The diagnosis of diabetes was based on the 1997 American Diabetes Association criteria. RESULTS: Fifteen patients (33%) with HCV infection were found to have type 2 diabetes compared with 5.6% in the control group without liver disease (P < .001) and 12% in the group with HBV infection (P = .004). Comparison of the patients with and without diabetes revealed that positive family history of diabetes, HCV 1b genotype, and a more severe liver histology were significantly associated with DM. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chronic HCV infection have an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes, and this prevalence is independent of cirrhosis. The pathogenesis is intriguing, appears to be unique to HCV, and requires further study.     

1-14C]Ethanol breath test in alcoholic liver disease

The activity of ethanol metabolising enzymes was assessed in 51 patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease using tracer doses of [1-14C]ethanol and measuring 14CO2 excretion in the breath. Alcoholic patients with only fatty infiltration of the liver showed significantly increased activity compared with controls. Comparing alcoholic patients with cirrhosis and a serum albumin greater than 28 g/l, activity in those with a recent history of continued heavy drinking was significantly greater than in patients who had abstained from alcohol. In addition, both groups of alcoholic cirrhosis showed significantly more activity than patients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis. The activities of patients with acute alcoholic or viral hepatitis were normal when their prothrombin times were less than 7 sec prolonged, but were reduced when prolongation exceeded 7 sec. These results demonstrate that in chronic alcoholic liver disease, even with cirrhosis, alcohol can still increase the activity of ethanol oxidising enzymes provided hepatic function remains adequate. However, this response is lost in acute liver damage and in chronic alcoholic disease with severe hepatic dysfunction.     

Mutations and deletions in core promoter and precore stop codon in relation to viral replication and liver damage in Singaporean hepatitis B virus carriers

BACKGROUND: The core promoter of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is crucial for the viral replication and mutations may lead to the establishment of chronic infection and development of liver diseases. We analysed this region in Singaporean HBV carriers and assessed their association with viral replication and liver damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three Singaporean HBV carriers were selected. Serological markers for HBV infection and indicators for liver functions were analysed using commercial kits. Among these patients, 17 were chronic carriers, 10 had cirrhotic livers and 6 others had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The region on the HBV genome covering the entire core promoter and core gene was amplified for each patient by polymerase chain reaction. The amplified DNA fragments were sequenced and analysed. RESULTS: The incidence of mutations in the core promoter or the precore gene product (stop codon at amino acid 28) was not significantly higher compared with the wild type sequences in patients with liver damage. Most mutations in either the core promoter or precore gene significantly reduced the viral replication, as indicated by HBV DNA levels. High levels of HBV DNA were found in three mutants with deletion in the same region, presumably the binding site of liver enriched factor, within the core promoter. CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed a different mutation pattern in the core promoter in Singaporean HBV carriers. While most mutations may not be directly associated with the development of liver diseases, deletions in the core promoter could contribute to enhanced viral replication and should be studied further.     

根治切除术联合抗病毒治疗肝癌合并乙型肝炎病毒感染对照研究

目的：探讨根治切除术联合抗病毒治疗肝癌合并乙型肝炎病毒感染患者的临床疗效。方法将72例行根治术治疗的肝癌合并乙型肝炎病毒感染患者按随机数字表法分为两组,每组36例。两组均行根治切除术,观察组联合抗病毒治疗,对照组行常规护肝、抗感染和外科营养治疗,观察住院全程。于治疗前后比较两组患者的肝功能和病毒学指标,并统计并发症发生状况。结果治疗后观察组谷丙转氨酶及乙型肝炎病毒的脱氧核糖核酸水平较治疗前显著降低（P＜0．01）,对照组谷丙转氨酶、血清白蛋白及前白蛋白水平较治疗前显著降低（P＜0．01）;治疗前两组各项指标水平比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05）,治疗后观察组各项指标水平均显著优于对照组（P＜0．01）。观察组并发症发生率为8．3％,对照组为33．3％,观察组显著低于对照组（P＜0．01）。结论根治切除术联合抗病毒治疗能显著改善肝癌合并乙型肝炎病毒感染患者的肝功能和病毒学指标,疗效显著,优于单用根治切除术治疗。     

Polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase M1, T1, and P1 in patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, and normal carriers

OBJECTIVES: Persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection often leads to the development of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. The role of host genetic factors in chronic HBV infection is not fully understood. We studied the influence of glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1, T1, and P1 polymorphisms in patients with different stages of HBV infections. METHODS: The sample population included 41 HBV normal carriers, 37 patients with chronic hepatitis, and 38 patients with cirrhosis (infected with HBV) compared to a control group (n = 59). PCR-based procedures were performed in the studied populations to confirm the genotypes of GSTT1, M1, and P1. Odds ratio analysis tests were used for statistical evaluation. RESULTS: We found that the frequency of GSTP1-Val (105)/Val (105) genotype was significantly higher in patients with liver cirrhosis (27%) than HBV normal carriers (2.4%; OR 14.8, 95% CI 1.8-122.5) and the frequency GSTP1-Val (105)/Ile (105) genotype was significantly higher in patients with liver cirrhosis (59.5%) than HBV normal carriers (19.5%; OR 6.1, 95% CI 2.1-16.7). The genotype GSTP1-Val (105)/Val (105) was more frequent in patients with chronic hepatitis (19.4%) than HBV normal carriers (2.4%; OR 9.65, 95% CI 1.1-82.8). Patients with cirrhosis also had a higher frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype (71.1%) than HBV normal carriers (27.5%; OR 6.5, 95% CI 2.4-17.4) and the GSTM1 null genotype was more frequent in patients with chronic hepatitis (64.9%) than HBV normal carriers (27.5%OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.8-12.8). The frequency of GSTT1 genotype was similar in all groups. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that in HBV infection, inheritance of the null GSTM1 and GSTP1-Val (105) polymorphisms involves a host genetic factor that is relevant to disease progression.     

慢性肝病患者院内感染的临床分析以及对因护理措施

目的探讨慢性肝病患者院内感染的类型及原因，并分析对因护理后感染率的变化。方法选取本院2011年2月—2012年2月收治的400例慢性肝病患者为研究对象，对其感染类型和原因进行分析。另选取本院2012年3月—2013年3月收治的400例慢性肝病患者为研究对象，对其实施对因护理和合理用药指导，比较2组患者的感染率。结果慢性肝病患者院内感染的发生率较高，为33.8%; 年龄、住院时间和侵袭性操作都是院内感染的危险因素；对因护理后慢性肝炎、乙肝肝硬化和酒精肝的院内感染的发生率均显著低于护理前（P＜0.05）, 患者的满意度及生活质量评分则显著高于护理前（P＜0.05）。结论慢性肝病患者的感染发生率较高，会影响治疗效果和转归，对因护理和用药指导有利于减少感染的发生。     

Management of HBV reactivation in non-oncological patients

Introduction: HBV reactivation (HBVr) in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy is a well-known event. While there are clear directives on the management of current or resolved HBV infection in onco-hematological diseases, there are few data regarding patients with non-oncological diseases. Thus, the aim of the present review is to evaluate HBVr in patients with non-oncological diseases, and identify the management of these patients to prevent HBVr.

Areas covered: Original papers, case reports and meta-analyses reporting data on HBVr of current or resolved infection in gastrointestinal, dermatological, rheumatologic and neurological diseases were evaluated.

Expert commentary: In HBsAg-positive subjects, those with HBV-related hepatitis (both HBeAg-positive or negative) should be treated with a high genetic barrier nucleos(t)ide analog. The patients with HBV-infection (both HBeAg-positive and negative) an antiviral prophylaxis should be used, with lamivudine in those HBeAg-negative without signs of advanced liver disease, and with ETV, TDF or TAF in all the HBeAg-positive or in those HBeAg-negative with signs of advanced liver disease. In HBsAg-negative/anti-HBc positive subjects, when the risk of HBV reactivation is moderate (use of B-cell depleting agents), a prophylaxis-strategy may be considered; instead, in those with low risk of HBVr, a pre-emptive therapy strategy may be used.     

肝癌患者庚型肝炎病毒感染血清学研究

采用抗－ＨＧＶ酶联免疫试验（ＥＩＡ）对１６０例肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）和１３０人健康人群进行了检测，结果抗－ＨＧＶ阳性率分别为１４．３８％和２．３１％，表明在不同人群中存在庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）感染；ＨＣＣ患者抗－ＨＧＶ阳性率明显高于健康人群，显示ＨＧＶ感染与ＨＣＣ发生有关；同时在抗－ＨＧＶ阳性ＨＣＣ患者中ＨＢＶ感染率高达８２．６１％，提示ＨＧＶ和ＨＢＶ重叠感染可增加ＨＣＣ的发生.     

2260例静脉注射海洛因依赖者HBV、HCV感染状况分析

应用ELISA法对 2260例iv海洛因依赖者进行血清HBsAg、抗 -HCV、ALT检测。结果表明 ,iv海洛因依赖者血清HBsAg、抗 -HCV阳性率分别为 37.8%、53.9% ,HBsAg、抗 -HCV同时阳性者 4 56例 ,重叠感染率 20.2 %均显著高于对照组 (24.9%、22.3%、10.8% )。两组之间的差异有非常显著性 (均P 0.05)。在iv海洛因依赖者中 ,HCV感染率较HBV感染率更高 ,抗 -HCV阳性者 ,ALT异常率高于HBsAg阳性者。提示iv毒品传播HCV已成为一种不可忽视的重要途径。     

慢性肝病患者乙型 丙型 丁型肝炎病毒感染情况分析

目的为探讨慢性肝病患者乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、丁型肝炎病毒(HDV)感染情况及其相互间的关系。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法对236例慢性肝病患者进行HBV、抗-HCV、抗-HDV的检测。并对慢性肝炎、重症肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌的感染率作一分析。结果单纯HBV的感染率为61.8%,远大于单纯HCV(8.5%)和HDV(0.4%)感染率。单纯HDV感染率很低,HBV和HDV重叠感染率较高为(12.3%),并且HBV和HDV重叠感染率按慢性肝炎、重症肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌呈顺序递增现象。肝癌组的HBV、HCV重叠感染率12.5%,与慢性肝炎组(4.9%)差异有统计学意义。结论 慢性肝病患者仍以感染HBV为主,HBV易与HCV、HDV发生重叠感染。重叠感染易使肝病加重。支持HDV要在感染HBV的基础上感染。     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者乙型肝炎病毒感染状况与预后的关系

目的：探讨非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）患者乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染状况及预后的关系。方法：回顾性分析67例非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者HBV病毒表面抗原（HB sA g）的表达、肝功能变化及拉米夫定的作用,同时与67例非原发性肝癌实体瘤患者及67例普通人群做对比。结果：67例NHL患者HB sA g阳性率为23.9%,明显高于本地区普通人群（9.0%）及非原发性肝癌实体瘤患者（10.4%）;HB sA g阳性的NHL组中,化疗后肝损害发生率（68.8%）与HB sA g阴性患者发生率（29.4%）之间差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;拉米夫定在预防病毒复活时起到重要作用。结论：NHL患者HB sA g阳性率高于本地非原发性肝癌实体瘤患者（其他肿瘤组）及普通人群组,拉米夫定可在一定程度上预防HBV的再激活;HBV感染者在化疗时应加强保肝并密切监测肝功能的变化。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者病毒基因组与乙型肝炎病毒e抗原、肝功能关系分析

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒基因组(HBV-DNA)、乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg)、肝功能的相关关系,为临床治疗提供参考。方法回顾分析401例患者的HBV-DNA、HBeAg、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平,对HBVDNA与HBeAg进行相关性分析。根据患者的HBV-DNA、HBeAg水平进行分组,比较各组的ALT、AST水平差异。结果 (1)HBV-DNA与HBeAg的阳性率存在相关性,相关系数r=0.671(P0.01);(2)HBV-DNA载量达105 copies/mL时,血清ALT、AST较HBV-DNA阴性组及低载量组显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)在HBV-DNA载量相当时,HBeAg阳性组与阴性组ALT、AST活性差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 (1)HBeAg与HBV-DNA具有相关性;(2)HBV-DNA载量较高的患者容易出现肝功能异常;(3)HBeAg的存在情况与肝功能无显著相关性。     

Associated liver disease in alcoholic pancreatitis

Two studies investigating the association of liver disease with acute and chronic pancreatitis in alcoholics are presented. In a retrospective study of 50 patients, no clinical liver disease was found in 9 patients with acute pancreatitis, while 23 (56%) of 41 patients with chronic pancreatitis had liver disease by clinical criteria. Of this latter group, 8 were confirmed histologically; thus 19% of patients with chronic pancreatitis had biopsy-proven cirrhosis. Fifty alcoholic patients with pancreatitis were prospectively evaluated. All who had clinical evidence of liver disease were biopsied. No cases of liver disease were encountered in the 4 patients with acute pancreatitis. Although 28 (60%) cases of clinically diagnosed liver disease were present in 46 patients with chronic pancreatitis, only 20 of these seemed significant (cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis, severe fatty liver), for an incidence of 43%. Thus, clinically significant alcoholic liver disease occurs quite frequently in association with alcoholic pancreatitis. This association is meaningful in more effective management of these patients in general and in preoperative assessment of the risk of surgery in particular.     

FibroScan弹性值测定在HBV感染所致肝衰竭患者中的应用价值

目的：探讨FibroScan弹性值测定（简称FS）在乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染所致肝衰竭患者中的应用价值。方法：选择HBV感染所致肝衰竭患者45例,收集入院24h内的血常规、凝血和肝。肾功能等指标,入院第2d行FS和腹部B超检查,并计算患者B超评分、CTP评分和MELD积分。观察终点3个月,按预后良好和不良分为A、B2组,比较2组间各项检测指标间的差异。结果：偏相关分析提示FS值与预后呈密切正相关;双变量回归分析显示预后与FS值、肝衰竭分期、凝血功能等相关关系显著;2组间比较FS值差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。FS值与B超、CTP和MELD积分均呈正相关,对预后诊断价值较高,FS值测定影响较大的指标是INR、AST和TBIL。结论：FS值测定对HBV感染所致肝衰竭患者的短期预后有一定诊断价值,但受转氨酶和黄疸水平的影响。     

乙型肝炎病毒感染对肿瘤肝转移影响的Meta分析

目的 评估乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis-B Virus,HBV)感染对各种肿瘤肝转移的影响.方法 在PubMed、CNKI、万方医学数据库检索已发表的关于HBV对肿瘤肝转移影响的相关文献,截止日期为2020年3月1日.筛选出HBV感染(感染组)与无HBV感染(对照组)的肿瘤患者的肝转移发生率的研究,对纳入的文献进行...     

男性吸毒人群既往医疗史与HBV感染状况调查

目的 了解男性吸毒人群中既往医疗史与乙型肝炎病毒感染状况.方法 随机抽取长沙市某戒毒所戒毒的452例男性毒瘾者,问卷调查既往病史及日常生活接触史,ELISA法检测HBV感染标志物及肝功能.结果 样本人群中是否有其他病毒性肝炎史与HBV总感染、HBsAg感染、大三阳、小三阳的感染率均有统计学关联.吸毒人员是否接受过血液制品与HBsAg感染率有统计学意义;吸毒者是否扎过耳环孔与HBsAg感染、小三阳率有关.结论 男性吸毒人员有其他病毒性肝炎史、其他医疗史等是HBV感染的非常重要的影响因素.     

原发性肝癌患者病毒标志物检测及介入治疗对HBV DNA的影响

目的研究乙型肝炎病毒DNA和血清标志物与原发性肝癌的关系以及介入治疗前后HBV DNA和肝功能的变化。方法对151例肝癌患者做HBV-m,HBV DNA和AFP测定,对14例肝癌病人介入前后测HBV DNA和肝功能。结果肝癌患者HBV总感染率为96.68%,以HBsAg、抗HBe、抗HBc3c项同时阳性模式(俗称小三阳)最多见,占53.64%(81/151),其次为HBsAg、HBeAg、抗HBc 3项同时阳性(俗称大三阳)占20.52%(31/151)。小三阳中HBV DNA阳性占74.07%(60/81);AFP阳性率63.6%(91/143),介入治疗引起肝功能损害加重,HBV DNA水平升高,前者有显著性差异,后者无显著性差异。结论HBV感染与肝癌发生密切相关,而且以HBsAg、抗HBe、抗HBc 3项同时阳性模式最多见,该模式中大部分患者HBV DNA处于复制活跃状态;介入治疗引起肝功能损害加重,对HBV DNA水平的影响应引起重视。     

乙型肝炎患者血清HBV DNA与前白蛋白定量检测的意义

目的探讨乙型肝炎(乙肝)患者HBV DNA与血清前白蛋白(PA)定量检测的意义,比较两者在乙肝中的临床应用价值。方法采用荧光定量PCR法和免疫比浊法,对312例5组携带乙肝不同病毒标志物的慢性乙肝患者进行HBVDNA定量和PA检测。结果临床各型慢性乙肝患者PA水平均降低,组间比较有显著性差异(F=63.97,P<0.05),PA值随肝病病情加重呈进行性下降,下降幅度与肝脏病变严重程度相平行。HBV DNA阳性率与慢性乙肝病情的严重程度不一致,乙肝患者HBV DNA阳性组与阴性组间PA水平及异常率均无明显差异(F=0.86,P>0.05;χ2=2.14,P>0.05),HBV复制组PA水平与HBV不复制组比较,亦无显著性差异(t=0.236,P>0.05)。结论慢性乙肝患者HBVDNA定量检测是了解HBV复制和感染的可靠指标,但HBV DNA不能反映乙肝病情的临床严重程度。血清PA是反映肝细胞受损的敏感指标,对乙肝病情和预后判断有重要价值。PA水平与HBV复制及HBV DNA含量无明显关系。     

Update on Chronic Hepatitis B

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects over 350 million people worldwide and over 1 million die annually of HBV-related chronic liver disease. The prolonged immunologic response to HBV infection leads to the development of cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in up to 40% of patients. The implementation of mass immunization programs has dramatically decreased the incidence of HBV infection among infants, children, and adolescents in many countries, but there remains a large number who were infected with HBV before such programs. A variety of host, viral, and external factors influence HBV disease progression and the risk of chronic infection. Six drugs are currently FDA-approved for the treatment of chronic HBV infection. While novel antiviral drugs have improved the management of cirrhosis, strategies to prevent and treat HCC remain inadequate.