Changes of brainstem auditory and somatosensory evoked

Objective: to investigate the characteristics and clinical value of evoked potentials in late infantile form of metachromatic leukodystrophy. Methods: Brainstem auditory, and somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded in 6 patients, and compared with the results of CT scan. Results: All of the 6 patients had abnormal results of BAEP and MNSEP. The main abnormal parameters in BAEP were latency prolongation in wave I, inter-peak latency prolongation in Ⅰ-Ⅲ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ. The abnormal features of MNSEP were low amplitude and absence of wave N9, inter-Peak latency prolongation in Ng-N13 and N13-N20, but no significant change of N20 amplitude. The results also revealed that abnormal changes in BAEP and MNSEP were earlier than that in CT. Conclusion: The detection of BAEP and MNSEP in late infantile form of metachromatic leukodystrophy might early reveal the abnormality of conductive function in nervous system and might be a useful method in diagnosis.     

神经电生理监测颅内动脉瘤介入治疗

Objective To study the application of neuroelectrophysiological monitoring for interventional therapy of intracranial aneurysms. Methods 22 patients with intracranial aneurysm were received neuroelectrophysiological monitoring during interventional therapy. Somatosensory evoked potential(SSEP) 、brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and visual evoked potential(VEP) were monitored during operation according to the position of intracranial aneurysm. Results 20 patients recovered well after operation. Temporary and hemiplegia were observed in 1 patient respectively. SSEP changes were observed in 8 patients, BAEP change in 1, and VEP change in 1. Cerebral ischemia was detected in 8 patients by neuroelectrophysiological monitoring and patients were given adequate management immediately. The therapeutic schedule of 2 patients were changed during neuroelectrophysiological monitoring in order to decrease the risk. 1 patient was evaluated again during neuroelectrophysiological monitoring so that the original interventional therapy schedule was not given up. Conclusion Neuroelectrophysiological monitoring is significantly important during interventional therapy of intracranial aneurysm, which could reduce the risk of cerebral ischemia and enhance treatment security.     

神经电生理监测颅内动脉瘤介入治疗

目的 探讨神经电生理技术在颅内动脉瘤介入治疗中的应用价值.方法 对22例颅内动脉瘤患者在介入治疗过程中实施术中神经电生理监测,在术中按动脉瘤部位监测体感诱发电位(SSEP)、脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)、视觉诱发电位(VEP),观察术中监测的变化对颅内动脉瘤介入治疗的指导作用.结果 术后恢复良好20例,短暂性偏瘫1例,永久性偏瘫1例,其中SSEP变化8例,BAEP变化1例,VEP变化1例.其中8例在神经电生理监测下发现不同原因导致的脑组织缺血,及时采取相应措施,避免严重医源性神经功能损伤;2例在神经电生理监测指导下改变治疗方案,降低原治疗方案风险;1例通过术中神经电生理监测对患者条件进行重新评估,避免了放弃介入治疗方案,使介入治疗取得成功.结论 神经电生理监测对颅内动脉瘤介入治疗有显著的指导意义,具有重要的应用价值.可最大限度地减少动脉瘤介入治疗过程中的缺血性并发症,提高手术的安全性.

Abstract：

Objective To study the application of neuroelectrophysiological monitoring for interventional therapy of intracranial aneurysms. Methods 22 patients with intracranial aneurysm were received neuroelectrophysiological monitoring during interventional therapy. Somatosensory evoked potential(SSEP) 、brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and visual evoked potential(VEP) were monitored during operation according to the position of intracranial aneurysm. Results 20 patients recovered well after operation. Temporary and hemiplegia were observed in 1 patient respectively. SSEP changes were observed in 8 patients, BAEP change in 1, and VEP change in 1. Cerebral ischemia was detected in 8 patients by neuroelectrophysiological monitoring and patients were given adequate management immediately. The therapeutic schedule of 2 patients were changed during neuroelectrophysiological monitoring in order to decrease the risk. 1 patient was evaluated again during neuroelectrophysiological monitoring so that the original interventional therapy schedule was not given up. Conclusion Neuroelectrophysiological monitoring is significantly important during interventional therapy of intracranial aneurysm, which could reduce the risk of cerebral ischemia and enhance treatment security.     

神经电生理监测颅内动脉瘤介入治疗

Objective To study the application of neuroelectrophysiological monitoring for interventional therapy of intracranial aneurysms. Methods 22 patients with intracranial aneurysm were received neuroelectrophysiological monitoring during interventional therapy. Somatosensory evoked potential(SSEP) 、brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and visual evoked potential(VEP) were monitored during operation according to the position of intracranial aneurysm. Results 20 patients recovered well after operation. Temporary and hemiplegia were observed in 1 patient respectively. SSEP changes were observed in 8 patients, BAEP change in 1, and VEP change in 1. Cerebral ischemia was detected in 8 patients by neuroelectrophysiological monitoring and patients were given adequate management immediately. The therapeutic schedule of 2 patients were changed during neuroelectrophysiological monitoring in order to decrease the risk. 1 patient was evaluated again during neuroelectrophysiological monitoring so that the original interventional therapy schedule was not given up. Conclusion Neuroelectrophysiological monitoring is significantly important during interventional therapy of intracranial aneurysm, which could reduce the risk of cerebral ischemia and enhance treatment security.     

体感诱发电位监测在前循环动脉瘤血管内介入治疗中的应用

目的 探讨体感诱发电位(SEP)监测技术在颅内前循环动脉瘤血管内介入治疗中的应用价值.方法 将2007年3月至2010年7月期间102例前循环动脉瘤血管介入栓塞术患者根据研究开始前生成的随机编码入组,52例术中进行SEP动态监测,50例术中未用该监测手段,对比分析两组术后1 d新发神经功能障碍及6个月后随访的预后情况(良好、致残、死亡).结果 两组患者术后出现新的神经功能障碍例数差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),6个月后随访预后良好和致残比率组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而死亡率组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 在介入栓塞术中应用SEP监测可以早期反映前循环供血区神经组织由于缺血引起的功能异常,并及时给予术中干预,对降低患者致残率及提高预后良好率有极其重要的意义.

Abstract：

Objective We applied somatosensory evoked potential(SEP)monitoring during endovascular embolization for intracranial anterior circulation aneurysm,and explored the values.Methods From March 2007 to July 2010 we treated 102 patients of intracranial anterior circulation aneurysm with endovascular embolization.102 patients were randomly classified two groups,group one with 52 patients with SEP monitoring and group two with 50 patients without SEP monitoring.Postoperative new nerve impairment and prognosis(good prognosis,disability,death)at the six month after leaving hospital of two groups were compared statistically.Results Comparing the monitoring group with the non-monitoring group,the numbers of patients with postoperative new nerve impairment was statistically significant differences(P＜0.01),the rates of good prognosis and disability were statistics difference(P＜0.05).But there was not statistics difference at the rates of death(P＞0.05).Conclusions Applying SEP monitoring in endovascular embolization can early reflect abnormal function of the brain tissue which supplied by anterior circulation.It is significant to reduce the occurrence of disability and improve prognosis.     

电生理监测下高颈段髓内室管膜瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨高颈段髓内室管膜瘤的显微外科治疗.方法 回顾性分析23例高颈段脊髓髓内室管膜瘤,均行显微外科切除,术中均采用联合体感诱发电位(SEP)和运动诱发电位(MEP)监测辅助肿瘤切除.结果 手术全切除肿瘤17例,近全切或大部分切除5例,部分切除1例;全组无手术死亡;术后门诊或电话随访22例,随访3个月至6年,神经功能改善16例(73%),稳定无变化4例(18%),加重2例(9%),随访期间无复发;术中诱发电位结果:真阴性18例(18/19),假阴性1例,真阳性2例(2/3).结论 尽早显微手术切除是高颈段脊髓髓内室管膜瘤的有效治疗措施,术中联合SEP和MEP监测可提高肿瘤全切率,减少术后并发症,最大程度地稳定和改善神经功能.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the mieroneurosurgcial management for intmmedullary spinal ependymomas in the superior cervical spinal cord.MethodsClinical data of 23 patients with intramedullary ependymoma in the superior cervical spinal cord were analyzed retrospectively.All the patients were treated by microsurgery assisted with somatosensory evoked potential(SEP)and motor evoked potential(MEP).Results Total removal was achieved in 17 cases,subtotal removal in 5 cases and partial resection in 1 case.No patients died.A follow up of 3 months to 6 years by out-patient review and telephone interview were performed in 22 cases:neurological function was improved in 16 cases(73%),no changes occurred in 4(18%),deteriorated in 2(9%)and none was recurrence.Results of introperative monitoring:18 patients presented true negative findings,while 2 patient presented true positive findings,1 false positive findings.Conclusions Early microsurgical treatment is the most effective measure for intramedullary ependymoma in the superior cervical spinal cord.The combined applications of intraoperative SEP and MEP monitoring can increase removal rate,reduce postoperative complication,and improve the prognosis of the patients.     

颅内镜像动脉瘤17例临床分析

目的 探讨颅内镜像动脉瘤的临床特征和手术方法.方法 解放军第二五一医院神经外科自2006年1月至2010年6月行显微外科手术治疗颅内镜像动脉瘤患者17例,回顾性分析患者的临床资料和疗效.结果 本组动脉瘤直接夹闭35个,未作处理1个,患者行一期手术9例,夹闭动脉瘤20个.二期手术7例,第一次手术夹闭动脉瘤7个,第二次手术夹闭动脉瘤7个.1例患者行一侧动脉瘤夹闭后对侧动脉瘤未处理;11例患者术后行CTA复查,夹闭的23个动脉瘤中2例瘤颈残留,余动脉瘤均消失,载瘤动脉通畅.GOS评分显示恢复优良12例,轻残4例,重残1例.结论 显微外科手术治疗颅内镜像动脉瘤效果显著.正确判断责任动脉瘤并首先处理,根据动脉瘤的部位、Hunt-Hess临床分级及患者周身状况等选择一期、分期手术可达到良好效果.

Abstract：

Objective To study the clinical characteristics and microsurgical skills of intracranial mirror-image aneurysm. Methods The clinical data and post-operative outcomes of 17 patients with 36 intracranial mirror-image aneurysms who underwent microsurgical operation were analyzed retrospectively. Results Thirty-five aneurysms were clipped directly and 1 did not give any treatment. One-time surgery was performed in 9 patients and 20 aneurysms were clipped. Two-stage operation was performed in the other 7 patients: 7 aneurysms were clipped in the first surgery and 7 in the second one. One patient received aneurysm clipping only in one side of the brain. CTA was performed again on 11 patients, noting that residual aneurysm neck of the 2 aneurysms existed in 23 clipped aneurysms, that the other aneurysms disappeared, and that the parent arteries were clear. GOS indicated that good surgical outcomes were achieved in 12 patients, light disability in 4 and severe disability in 1.Conclusion The surgical outcomes of intracranial mirror-image aneurysm performed microsurgical operation are predominance. Criminal aneurysms should be determined correctly and clipped firstly; and according to the sites and grades of the aneurysms and the patient's condition, good outcomes can be achieved by choosing one-time operation or two-stage operation.     

Identification of injury type using somatosensory and motor evoked potentials in a rat spinal cord injury model

The spinal cord is at risk of injury during spinal surgery.If intraoperative spinal co rd injury is identified early,irreve rsible impairment or loss of neurological function can be prevented.Different types of spinal cord injury result in damage to diffe rent spinal cord regions,which may cause diffe rent somatosensory and motor evoked potential signal res ponses.In this study,we examined electrophysiological and histopathological changes between contusion,distra ction,and dislocation spinal co...     

Intraoperative diffusion tensor imaging predicts the recovery of motor dysfunction after insular lesions

Insular lesions remain surgically challenging because of the need to balance aggressive resection and functional protection. Motor function deficits due to corticospinal tract injury are a common complication of surgery for lesions adjacent to the internal capsule and it is therefore essential to evaluate the corticospinal tract adjacent to the lesion. We used diffusion tensor imaging to evaluate the corticospinal tract in 89 patients with insular lobe lesions who underwent surgery in Chinese PLA General Hospital from February 2009 to May 2011. Postoperative motor function evaluation revealed that 57 patients had no changes in motor function, and 32 patients suffered motor dysfunction or aggravated motor dysfunction. Of the affected patients, 20 recovered motor function during the 6-12-month follow-up, and an additional 12 patients did not recover over more than 12 months of follow-up. Following reconstruction of the corticospinal tract, fractional anisotropy comparison demonstrated that preoperative, intraoperative and follow-up normalized fractional anisotropy in the stable group was higher than in the transient deficits group or the long-term deficits group. Compared with the transient deficits group, intraoperative normalized fractional anisotropy significantly decreased in the long-term deficits group. We conclude that intraoperative fractional anisotropy values of the corticospinal tracts can be used as a prognostic indicator of motor function outcome.     

Electroencephalogram and brainstem auditory evoked potential in 539 patients with central coordination disorder

BACKGROUND： Electroencephalogram （EEG） and brainstem auditory evoked potential （BAEP） are objective non-invasive means of measuring brain electrophysiology. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the value of EEG and BAEP in early diagnosis, treatment and prognostic evaluation of central coordination disorder. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This case analysis study was performed at the Rehabilitation Center of Hunan Children＇s Hospital from January 2002 to January 2006. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 593 patients with severe central coordination disorder, comprising 455 boys and 138 girls, aged 1-6 months were enrolled for this study. METHODS： EEG was monitored using electroencephalography. BAEP was recorded using a Keypoint electromyogram device. Intelligence was tested by professionals using the Gesell scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） The rate of abnormal EEG and BAEP, （2） correlation of abnormalities of EEG and BAEP with associated injuries, （3） correlation of abnormalities of EEG and BAEP with high risk factors. RESULTS： The rate of abnormal EEG was 68.6% （407/593 patients）, and was increased in patients who also had mental retardation （P 〈 0.05）. The rate of abnormal BAEP was 21.4% （127/593 patients）. These 127 patients included 67 patients （52.8%） with peripheral auditory damage and 60 patients （47.2%） with central and mixed auditory damage. The rate of abnormal BAEP was significantly increased in patients who also had mental retardation （P 〈 0.01 ）. Logistic regression analysis showed that asphyxia （P 〈 0.05）, jaundice, preterm delivery, low birth weight and the umbilical cord around the neck were closely correlated with abnormal EEG in patients with central coordination disorder, lntracranial hemorrhage, jaundice （P 〈 0.05）, low birth weight and intrauterine infection （P 〈 0.05） were closely correlated with abnormal BAEP in patients with central coordination disorder. CONCLUSION： Central coordination disorder is often associated with abnormal EEG an     

Ischemia changes and tolerance ratio of evoked potential monitoring in intracranial aneurysm surgery

Objective

We assessed the relationship between cerebral ischemia-induced changes in evoked potentials and the degree of ischemia tolerance.

Methods

47 patients underwent somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring in intracranial aneurysm surgery. Three duration parameters (time) were recorded: Time 1, from the starting of temporary occlusion unavoidable in aneurysm surgery to the time the evoked potentials decrease from basal level to reaching the warning criterion; Time 2, from evoked potentials reaching the warning criterion to the time the blood flow was resumed; Time 3, after resuming the blood flow, the time it took the evoked potentials to recover to baseline. All three times can be reliably calculated in the SEP recording, but not in the MEP recording which consisted of either unchanged amplitudes or abruptly changing amplitudes, making it impossible to obtain Time 1. The ischemic tolerance ratio (ITR) was calculated as ITR = time 2/time 1 × 100%. New decreasing myodynamia and fresh infarction after the surgery were employed for evaluating neurological deficits postoperatively, and their correlations with the ischemia-induced changes of evoked potentials recorded during the surgery were analyzed.

Results

We found a change in SEPs in 12 patients whose cerebral ischemia was induced by temporary occlusion of the aneurysm's parent artery. We also found the development of postoperative neurological deficits in 4 patients whose ischemic tolerance ratio (ITR) reached over 80%, while no deficits were found in the other 8 patients whose ITR was less than 50%. MEP changes were seen in 4 patients whose cerebral ischemia was caused by accidentally clamping the perforating branches, causing the development of postoperative neurological deficits but not necessarily leading to significant SEP changes.

Conclusion

The Ischemia tolerance ratio (ITR) in SEP recordings is valuable to predicting postoperative neurological deficits caused by temporary occlusion of aneurysm's parent artery. Maintaining the ITR under 50% during operation can effectively avoid postoperative neurological deficits, while an ITR above 80% reliably forecasts postoperative neurological deficits. Complementary to SEPs, MEP recordings are particularly valuable in monitoring ischemic effects caused by accidentally clamping perforating branches. Taken together, this system of monitoring makes it possible to promptly adjust surgery procedures and minimize postoperative neurological deficits.     

皮层电极在颅内动脉瘤术中监测中的应用研究

目的 研究颅内动脉瘤术中应用皮层电极进行皮层脑电图(EEG)和皮层运动诱发电位(MEP)监测的价值和意义.方法 42例颅内动脉瘤患者,翼点开颅夹闭动脉瘤术中常规行头皮EEG、体感诱发电位(SEP)、MEP和皮层EEG、MEP监测,将监测变化结果与术后神经功能做前瞻性研究.结果 36例可诱发出皮层MEP,8例监测出现了变化,其中SEP 4例、皮层EEG 6例、头皮EEG 2例、皮层MEP 7例、头皮MEP 5例.皮层MEP出现变化的6例非大脑前动脉系统动脉瘤中仅3例头皮MEP出现了变化.结论 皮层MEP所需刺激量小,较适合于非大脑前动脉动脉瘤的术中监测,其敏感性高于头皮MEP.皮层EEG监测的敏感性明显高于头皮EEG.     

颅内前循环动脉瘤术中诱发电位监测效果评估

目的 探讨全静脉麻醉下经颅电刺激运动诱发电位(TES-MEPs)联合体感诱发电位(SEP)监测颅内前循环动脉瘤手术及预防缺血性卒中的应用价值.方法 47例颅内动脉瘤夹闭手术患者,术中行SEP和TES-MEPs联合监测,以神经功能检查作为评价指标,比较术前和术后神经功能的改变和诱发电位变化之间的关系.结果 43例神经功能未见显著改变,4例神经功能出现不同程度下降,其中3例MEP及SEP同时出现波幅下降＞50%或消失,且手术结束时未恢复至基线水平,与术后神经功能障碍发生具有一致性.结论 术中监测指标的改变可较早地获得脑缺血的证据,联合SEP与MEP监测有利于降低术后缺血性脑卒中的发生.     

Need for head and neck repositioning to restore electrophysiological signal changes at positioning for cervical myelopathy surgery

ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of significant intraoperative electrophysiological signal changes during surgical positioning, and to assess the effectiveness of head and neck repositioning on the restoration of signals, among patients undergoing surgery for cervical myelopathy.Material and methodsWe used multimodal intraoperative monitoring (somatosensory [SEP] and motor evoked potentials [MEP] and spontaneous electromyography) before and after patients’ positioning in a consecutive cohort of 103 patients operated for symptomatic cervical myelopathy. Significant changes were defined as > 50% attenuation in amplitude or > 10% increase in latency of SEP, or abolishment or 50–80% attenuation of MEP.ResultsOut of 103 patients (34.9% female, median age 54.5 years) 88 underwent laminectomy (85.4%) and 15 (14.6%) anterior approach. At the time of positioning, signal alterations occurred in 44 patients (42.7%), yet only 11 patients (10.7%) showed alarming changes. Immediate neck repositioning of these resulted in complete (n = 6) or partial (n = 4) restoration of potentials, yielding no postoperative deficits. The patient in which signals could not be restored after repositioning resulted in added postoperative deficit. The accuracy (true positives plus true negatives) of monitoring to detect new neurological deficits was 99.0% (102/103) for the entire cohort, and 100% (11/11) for those showing significant changes at the moment of positioning. Overall, only 1 patient, with non-significant SEP attenuation, experienced a new postoperative deficit, yielding a 0.97% rate of false negatives.ConclusionAmong patients undergoing surgery for cervical myelopathy, 10.7% showed alarming electrophysiological signal changes at the time of positioning. Immediate repositioning of the neck resulted in near always restoration of potentials and avoidance of added neurological damage. Complete or partial restoration of potentials after repositioning yielded no postoperative deficits.     

Monitoring of sensory evoked potentials during surgery of skull base tumours

Despite advances in instrumentation and the use of microsurgical techniques, neurosurgical procedures involving extensive areas of skull base or other critical areas of brain still carry significant risk for neurological injury. The use of intraoperative recording of sensory evoked potentials (SEP) has been advocated to monitor neurologic function during these major neurosurgical procedures to reduce the risk of injury to neural structures. This report summarizes our experience with intraoperative monitoring of SEP in over 200 patients, and details our findings in a group of 12 patients with skull base and posterior fossa tumours. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) were monitored in all patients, and brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) in five. While minor changes in BAEP and SSEP parameters were noted in most patients, significant changes occurred in five. Irreversible loss of BAEP in one patient was associated with complete hearing loss postoperatively. Marked, persistent alteration of both BAEP and SSEP was associated with postoperative brainstem dysfunction. No patient with stable BAEP and SSEP at the end of the procedure suffered additional neurological deficit. We conclude that intraoperative SEP monitoring may be valuable in minimizing neural injury during major neurosurgical procedures.     

运动诱发电位联合体感诱发电位监测在脊髓髓内肿瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨全静脉麻醉下运动诱发电位(MEP)联合体感诱发电位(SEP)术中监测应用于脊髓髓内肿瘤手术的优越性、可靠性及临床应用价值.方法 对72例脊髓髓内肿瘤患者术中行SEP和MEP联合监测,参照McCormick评分标准对术前、术后脊髓功能的改变和诱发电位变化之间的关系进行统计分析.结果 14例脊髓神经功能改善,18例术后脊髓神经功能下降者与诱发电位监测结果具有一致性(P＜0.05).结论 对脊髓髓内肿瘤手术进行SEP与MEP监测有利于避免"假阴性/假阳性"结果及术后神经功能障碍的发生.     

The use of electrophysiological monitoring in the intraoperative management of intracranial aneurysms

OBJECTIVES: Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) have been increasingly utilised during surgery for intracranial aneurysms to identify cerebral ischaemia. Between July 1994 and April 1996, we surgically treated 70 aneurysms in 49 consecutive patients (58 operations) with the aid of intraoperative evoked potential monitoring. This study sought to evaluate the usefulness of SSEP and BAEP monitoring during intracranial aneurysm surgery. METHODS: Mean patient age was 51.9 (range 18-79) years. The sizes of the aneurysms were 3-4 mm (15), 5-9 mm (26), 10-14 mm (11), 15-19 mm (seven), 20-24 mm (six), and >25 mm (five). SSEPs were monitored in 58 procedures (100%) and BAEPs in 15 (26%). The neurological status of the patients was evaluated before and after surgery. RESULTS: Thirteen of the 58 procedures (22%) monitored with SSEPs had SSEP changes (12 transient, one persistent); 45 (78%) had no SSEP changes. Three of 15 patients (20%) monitored with BAEPs had changes (two transient, one persistent); 12 (80%) had no BAEP changes. Of the 14 patients with transient SSEP or BAEP changes, these changes resolved with adjustment or removal of aneurysm clips (nine), elevating MAP (four), or retractor adjustment (one). Mean time from precipitating event to electrophysiological change was 8.9 minutes (range 3-32), and the mean time for recovery of potentials in patients with transient changes was 20.2 minutes (range 3-60). Clinical outcome was excellent in 39 patients, good in five, and poor in three (two patients died), and was largely related to pretreatment grade. CONCLUSIONS: SSEPs and BAEPs are useful in preventing clinical neurological injury during surgery for intracranial aneurysms and in predicting which patients will have unfavourable outcomes.     

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in Beh?et's disease: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study with 44 patients comparing clinical, neuroradiological, somatosensory and brain-stem auditory evoked potential findings.

OBJECTIVES: To compare neurological involvement in Beh?et's disease as documented by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with clinical, neuroradiological, somatosensory (SEP) and auditory evoked potential (BAEP) findings. METHODS: Forty-four patients were studied over an 8 year period. Nine patients had follow-up studies done. TMS central motor conduction (CMC) studies to upper and lower limb muscles, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), SEP, and BAEP testing were conducted. RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients had CMC slowing, decreased amplitude or absent motor evoked potentials (MEP); 5 of these patients were neurologically normal. Concordance of TMS results, clinical deficits, and MRI findings occurred in 36 of the 39 patients. SEP and BAEP testing proved non-complementary to MEP. Generally, follow-up studies revealed faster CMC and higher MEP amplitude. However, in two patients the CMC time to one target muscle became prolonged with diminished MEP amplitude over a period of 1.5-3 years. CONCLUSIONS: TMS can be useful in detecting and quantifying motor tract dysfunction in Beh?et's disease and provides functional information complementary to imaging studies. TMS is more sensitive than either SEP or BAEP. Our longitudinal studies suggest that TMS studies may be valuable in monitoring disease activity or therapeutic response.     

体感诱发电位动态监测在神经外科手术中保护运动功能的应用

目的探讨体感诱发电位(SEP)监测技术在神经外科手术中保护运动功能的临床应用价值。方法对54例神经外科患者手术中实时监测SEP,当术中波形发生异常变化时调整手术操作以改善SEP,评估发生各型变化的患者术后运动功能情况。分析对比术中、术毕SEP变化与术后肌力的改变,并应用χ2检验进行统计学分析。结果术中36例患者出现Ⅰ型SEP变化,其中34例患者术后肌力未见明显异常,2例患者肌力较前减退;7例患者出现Ⅱ型SEP变化,术后均未出现运动功能障碍;5例患者出现Ⅲ型SEP变化,术后均出现肌力减退;6例患者出现Ⅳ型SEP变化,术后5例患者出现肢体完全偏瘫。术中术毕SEP无变化组肌力下降率显著低于变化组。结论在神经外科手术中动态监测SEP能实时发现神经功能损伤,便于术者及时采取措施保护神经功能。根据SEP的改变还有助于预测患者术后的运动功能。     

Continuous and simultaneous monitoring of EEG spectra and brainstem auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials in the intensive care unit and the operating room

Individual monitoring of EEG and evoked potentials is gradually becoming standard in neurosurgery: compressed power spectra during carotid endarterectomy, brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) during posterior fossa surgery, and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) mainly during spinal cord surgery. In this paper, a new technique is described in which EEG, BAEP, and SEP are recorded and evaluated simultaneously and continuously. This allows a better survey of different neuronal structures and systems in the brain and brainstem. First results from intraoperative and intensive care patient monitoring are reported.