TVT术并发症及其处理（附6例报告）

目的探讨经阴道无张力尿道悬吊术（TVT）治疗女性压力性尿失禁的并发症及处理方法。方法回顾性分析行TVT术的48例压力性尿失禁（SUI）患者中出现并发症的6例患者的临床资料。结果膀胱穿孔1例,尿道穿孔2例,术后膀胱过度活动2例,术后排尿困难1例。结论TVT术有发生并发症发生的风险,但通过一定的处理后,能取得较好的疗效。     

TVT-O治疗女性压力性尿失禁的临床分析（附38例临床报告）

目的分析经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术（TVT—O）治疗女性压力性尿失禁（SUI）的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析38例用TVT—O治疗的女性SUI的临床资料。结果38例患者术后随访15±3．9月（2～20月）,均临床治愈,无SUI复发,完全改善率92．1％（35／38）,症状显著好转率7．9％（3／35）。术中无膀胱、闭孔血管神经等损伤;术后3例暂时性排尿困难,尿道扩张并膀胱锻炼后缓解;23例患者术后6月尿流动力学检测显示．平均尿流率（Qave）及最大尿道闭合压（MUCP）明显回复,而其他指标无明显变化;2例患者于术后3周尿失禁复发,术后8周行尿流动力学检查,并以此分别对2例患者进行吊带调整及Burch阴道壁悬吊术,术后未复发。结论TVT—O操作简单、微创、并发症少,是治疗女性压力性尿失禁安全有效的方法。     

阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的临床观察

目的探讨应用经阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊带术（TVT）治疗女性压力性尿失禁（SUI）患者的疗效。方法回顾性分析采用TVT悬吊术治疗女性SUI患者56例。结果全部患者随访6～36个月,平均20.6个月。53例治愈,2例有效,1例术后6个月发现吊带部分嵌入膀胱颈,经尿道电切镜切除嵌入部分后再次出现尿失禁。结论TVT悬吊术是一种治疗女性SUI患者安全、有效和微创的治疗手段。     

TVT与TVT-O治疗女性压力性尿失禁对比研究

目的比较无张力性尿道中段悬吊术（tension-free vaginal tape,TVT）和经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术（tension-free vaginal tape-obturator,TVT-O）治疗女性压力性尿失禁（stress urinary incontinence.SUI）的有效性及并发症。方法 31例女性SUI患者,16例行经阴道TVT,15例行TVT-O。SUI诊断主要根据患者症状、妇科检查、压力试验及尿动力学检查。术前及术后3、6、12、24月按照自制尿失禁问卷调查表进行评分,评价其主观治愈率。记录手术时间、术中及术后并发症、术中失血量、术后尿管留置时间、住院天数、术后2年随访结果。结果 TVT-O组手术平均时间比TVT组明显缩短（P〈0.05）。TVT-O组无膀胱穿孔及排尿困难,TVT术中2例出现膀胱穿孔（12.5%）,术后1例出现短暂性尿潴留（6.2%）,1例出现急迫性尿失禁（6.2%）,TVT-O组2例术后出现大腿内侧疼痛（13.3%）。两组手术出血量、尿管留置天数及住院天数均无明显差异。两组均未出现吊带腐蚀现象。随访2年结果：TVT治愈率为93.7%,TVT-O治愈率为93.3%。两组术后尿失禁生活质量量表（incontinence quality of life,I-QOL）评分明显高于术前,盆腔器官脱垂-尿失禁患者性功能问卷（organ prolapse/urinary incontinence sexual function questionnaire,P-ISQ）性生活质量评分术前术后无明显改变。结论 TVT与TVT-O手术效果相当,均是治疗女性SUI有效的方法,但TVT-O手术时间较短,并发症相对较少。     

经闭孔无张力吊带尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁28例

目的探讨经闭孔无张力吊带尿道中段悬吊（TVT—0）术治疗女性压力性尿失禁（SUI）的临床效果及并发症。方法对28例压力性尿失禁患者行TVT-0手术治疗,并记录手术时间和出血情况,随访术后1年内的效果,观察其疗效及并发症情况。结果28例患者手术时间为30～60min,平均为40．5min,术中出血量少,无膀胱及尿道损伤,无神经损伤。术后1例1周后无效,2例吊带外露。1例术中大出血。28例患者术后随访3～12个月,27例主观治愈,1例无效。结论TVT—0手术作为一种治疗SUI的新型外科手术,具有微创、安全、有效的特点,术中不需常规行膀胱镜检查,但手术的长期效果有待随访观察。     

TVT术治疗女性压力性尿失禁68例

目的探讨TVT悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)患者的疗效及并发症。方法报告68例女性压力性尿失禁患者应用TVT悬吊术治疗的临床资料,观察其疗效及并发症。结果术后随访6个月~2年,平均14.6个月。62例(91.18%)治愈,5例(7.35%)有效,1例(1.47%)失败。10例发生(14.71%)手术并发症,其中手术中发生膀胱穿刺损伤3例(4.41%),术后发生排尿困难6例(8.82%),耻骨后血肿1例(1.47%)。结论TVT悬吊术是一种治疗女性压力性尿失禁安全、有效和微创的治疗手段,并发症少见,若能及时发现和正确处理,仍能取得较好疗效。     

经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊治疗女性压力性尿失禁效果观察

目的：探讨经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术（ TVT－O）治疗女性压力性尿失禁（ SUI）的近期临床效果。方法：总结分析2010年1月～2013年11月间我院收治的17例经TVT－O手术治疗女性SUI患者临床资料。结果：17例患者手术均1次完成,手术时间19．5±4．2分钟,术中出血量30．4±3．2ml,术后住院时间4．2±2．6天,术后出现轻微尿失禁2例,阴道吊带外露1例,经对症治疗后缓解,无明显膀胱损伤、阴道穿孔,感染、血肿等并发症发生。随访6～14个月,17例患者中治愈15例,约占88．2％,改善2例,约占11．8％,无复发病例,5例并发阴道前壁轻度膨出者明显改善,无排尿困难发生。结论：TVT－O治疗女性SUI不需常规膀胱镜检查,操作简便,创伤小,并发症少,患者生活质量提高,近期疗效肯定,值得临床推广应用。     

TVT治疗女性压力性尿失禁及其并发症预防

目的 评估阴道无张力尿道悬吊术(TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)临床疗效及其并发症防治。方法 26例女性压力性尿失禁患者采用TVT治疗。结果 26例SUI均得到满意的控尿疗效。1例患者术后的剩余尿100ml，但主观评价明显改善。随访6～28个月，无SUI症状复发，无排尿困难及尿路感染。结论 TVT是治疗女性压力性尿失禁微创、有效和安全的手术方法之一，可以大大减少患者的痛苦和缩短住院时间。     

无张力尿道中段悬吊术联合骶棘韧带固定术治疗压力性尿失禁的疗效分析

目的研究无张力尿道中段悬吊术（TVT）中同时行骶棘韧带固定术（SSLF）治疗压力性尿失禁（SUI）的安全性及有效性。方法收集23例在同时行TVT术及SSLF治疗的女性SUI患者，回顾性分析其临床疗效，并进行平均27个月的随访研究。结果术后1例压力试验阳性；3例重新出现尿频、尿急症状，经保守治疗后症状消失；1例出现吊带侵蚀。客观治愈率为95.7％（22／23），主观改善治愈率为100％。结论TVT术中同时行SSLF，可安全有效地治疗女性SUI。     

TVT和TVT-O治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效评价

目的 探讨经耻骨后无张力尿道中段吊带术（TVT）及经闭孔无张力尿道中段吊带术（TVT-O）治疗女性压力性尿失禁（SUI）的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析25例经临床和尿动力学检查诊断为SUI的女性患者,其中行TVT术11例,TVT-O术14例,对两组患者术中情况及术后疗效进行分析.结果 TVT组和TVT-O组手术时间、术中出血量、术后平均住院时间比较,差异均有显著性（P＜0.01）.所有患者均随访3～19个月,无尿失禁复发.结论 TVT-O较TVT更为简捷、微创,并发症少.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.