输精管吻合术后不育原因的实验研究精子密度与睾丸功能

14只成年日本大耳白兔,双侧输精管结扎12月后,以显微外科技术行双侧输精管吻合术,3月后与雌兔配对交配,观察2个月,根据妊娠与否分为输精管吻合育组(VFG)和输精管吻合不育组(VIG),各7只。另设输精管结扎组(VG)和假手术组(SOG)作为对照。结果表明,(1)VFG的精子密度与SOG比较虽为低值(P<0.01),但显著地高于VIG(P<0.01)。(2)精子密度与睾丸ACE活力、Na~+,K~+-ATPasc活力、Mg~(++)-ATPasc活力、睾丸cAMP含量均呈显著的正相关。(3)精子密度、cAMP含量与ABP呈明显的负相关。(4)VFG血清睾酮含量与VIG比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。VFG、VIG中血清睾酮水平与精子密度呈明显的正相关(r=0.60、P<0.05)。     

The Effects of Sperm Antibodies on Fertility After Vasectomy Reversal*

ABSTRACT: Antisperm antibodies have been measured in serum and in seminal plasma in 130 males before and after vasectomy reversal, and the occurrence of pregnancy has been analyzed in those partners who were trying to produce a pregnancy. All patients have been followed for at least one year. Sperm-agglutinating antibodies were found in the serum of 79% of patients; seminal plasma antibodies were present in only 9.5% before reversal, and this rose to 29.5% afterwards. Overall, pregnancies occurred in the partners of 44.6% of those men who were trying to produce children. Production of pregnancy was significantly less likely when the preoperative serum antisperm antibody titer was 512 or more, but no decrease in fertility was seen with titers below this. Similar numbers of pregnancies were produced by patients with or without seminal plasma antibodies in titers of up to 16; there are too few patients with titers above this level to permit further analysis. A randomized controlled trial of perioperative steroids showed that they produced no benefit. It appears that the antisperm antibodies associated with vasectomy reversal may differ fundamentally from those occurring in naturally subfertile males.     

次声对雄性大鼠精子质量和睾丸组织抗氧化系统的影响

目的： 观察次声作用对大鼠精子质量的影响,初步探讨次声对雄性生殖系统的作用机制。方法: 成年雄性SD大鼠分别经8Hz、90dB或130dB的次声作用l、7、14、2l d（2 h/d）,取副睾检测其精子计数、畸形率和活动率,取同侧睾丸检测谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和丙二醛（MDA）水平。结果: 8Hz、90dB和130dB次声作用组随次声作用时间延长,精子质量下降,MDA水平升高,GSH-Px下降。在同一时点上,130　dB次声作用组的各项指标与90dB组相比,变化更为显著。结论: 次声对睾丸的生物学效应与其作用参数有关,抗氧化系统失衡可能是该效应的发生机制。     

Effects on Fertility of Rabbits After Active Immunization With Rat Testicular Cytochrome ct

ABSTRACT: A Male rabbit was immunized with rat testicular cytochrome (Cyt) c_t and mated with normal, unimmunized females. The matings resulted in abnormal pregnancies: no offspring or stillborn or undersized liveborn offspring weighing 25–30 gm each. Another unusual observation was that fur-pulling behavior, normally exhibited by pregnant female rabbits at the end of the gestational period, was absent in all of these pregnancies. Therefore, immunization of a normal rabbit with testicular cyt c_t appeared to interfere with physiological and behavioral aspects of pregnancy in normal female rabbits. The immunological basis of these findings remains to be determined.     

输精管结扎4月大鼠血清与前列腺组织的前列腺酸性磷酸酶活力变化

成年Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠２０只，随机分为输精管结扎组（ＶＧ）和假手术组（ＳＯＧ）。术后第４个月检测了前列腺酸性磷酸酶（ＰＡＰ）等代表前列腺功能与肿瘤标志的酶学指标。结果表明，（１）血清ＰＡＰ活力，ＶＧ为４．９６±３．４Ｕ／ｍｌ，ＳＯＧ为５．６３±１．６９Ｕ／ｍｌ，两组无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；ＶＧ前列腺组织ＰＡＰ活力（１８．００±８．８１Ｕ／ｇ）略高于ＳＯＧ的（１５．０４±１１．９０Ｕ／ｇ），但无显著性。Ｐ／Ｔ百分比值ＶＧ为６５．０２±２５．３６％，ＳＯＧ为６８．６５±１１．６５％，Ｐ大于０．０５。（２）血清与前列腺组织碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）与磷酸肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）活力，两组均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

实验性精索静脉曲张大鼠睾丸组织和血清一氧化氮和一氧化氮合酶的改变

目的：检测实验性精索静脉曲张大鼠睾丸组织和血清NO含量和NOS活性的改变，以进一步阐明精索静脉曲张的发生机制。方法：通过手术方法建立大鼠精索静脉曲张模型，检测NO和NOS的变化。结果：实验组左侧睾丸组织NO含量显著高于对照组左侧睾丸含量；实验组血清NOS活力明显低于对照组。结论：实验性精索静脉曲张大鼠睾丸组织和血清NO和NOS有改变。     

Effect of Unilateral Damage to Sciatic Nerve on Phenotype of Lumbrical Muscles in Experimental and Contralateral Legs in Rats

Expression of slow myosin in fast lumbrical muscle during unilateral damage to the sciatic nerve was studied in rats. Four weeks after unilateral excision of sciatic nerve segment or its crushing, the content of slow fiber in the lumbrical muscle of the contralateral leg tended to increase (detected using monoclonal antibodies against slow myosin). The extrapyramidal system seems to modulate the phenotype of muscle fibers via motoneurons of the spinal cord, while the compensatory activation of this system manifests in pronounced “deceleration” of both the fast and slow muscles in the hind legs.__________Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 139, No. 5, pp. 589–591, May, 2005     

化学阻断交感神经对脾脏形态学的影响及其抗氧化机制的研究

目的研究使用六羟多巴胺(6-OHDA)化学性阻断交感神经对小鼠脾脏形态原的影响及其抗氧化机制。方法应用组织学、免疫组织化学、MTT等方法研究了化学性阻断交感神经对小鼠脾脏组织结构、脾淋巴细胞体内和体外增殖以及抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果 6-OHDA组的脾脏平均重量下降,动脉周围淋巴鞘面积和脾小体直径均分别低于对照组12.62%和20.21%。脾小体和边缘区以及动脉周围淋鞘细胞的PCNA的阳性率分别比对照组降低了82.23%、30.37%和33.16%,但在红髓内差异不显著。用ConA诱发体外T淋巴细胞增殖,实验组的刺激指数均低于对照组,尤其在6、15μg/ml时差异极显著;用LPS诱导脾脏B细胞增殖的结果可见实验组的刺激指数在15μg/ml和25μg/ml分别低于对照组9.39%和12.31%。6-OHDA组SOD、GSH-Px和T-AOC均低于对照组,而MDA含量高于对照组49.94%。结论阻断交感神经造成脾脏组织的氧化损伤,表现为脾脏重量下降,动脉周围淋巴鞘的面积和脾小体直径减少以及脾淋巴细胞增殖水平降低。     

实验性精索静脉曲张大鼠睾丸组织TNF-α和NO含量的变化

目的：研究精索静脉曲张（VC）对大鼠睾丸组织TNF-α和NO含量的影响。 方法： 将成熟雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为手术结扎（ VG）组，n=30；手术非结扎(SOG)组，n=20。分别测定两组大鼠睾丸组织中TNF-α和NO的含量，并加以比较。 结果： ①VG组左侧睾丸TNF-α、NO含量分别显著高于SOG组（P＜0.01)；②TNF-α与NO呈正相关（r=0.523, P＜0.01)。 结论: VC时睾丸TNF-α和NO的变化, 可能是造成睾丸损伤、精子生成障碍甚至不育的原因之一。     

Effects of copulation on reproductive function in aged female rats

Old female rats in persistent vaginal estrus (PVE) were exposed to varying degrees of copulatory stimulation. While limited mating experiences had no noticeable effects on reproductive function, cohabitation with sexually vigorous males or other forms of exposure to extended mating experiences disrupted the PVE state. Prolonged diestrus, irregular cycles, pseudopregnancy and pregnancy were observed subsequent to extensive copulatory experiences. Except for a tendency to be less receptive to initial mounts old females displayed sexual behavior comparable to that observed in younger, virgin animals. Ten or more intromissions disrupted the PVE. Induction of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy appears to require 30 or more intromissions in these animals. It is concluded that the PVE observed in aged female rats is at least partly due to the absence of coital stimulation. These observations are taken to suggest that age-related changes in the reproductive capacity of female rats may be attributable to alterations in the sensitivity of ovulatory and progestational mechanisms to hormonal and sensory influences.     

雌激素对运动防治骨质疏松效果的影响

目的 探讨雌激素对运动防治骨质疏松效果的影响.方法 48只5个月龄SD雌性大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、假手术加运动组(Sham+run组)、单纯去卵巢组(Ovx组)、去卵巢加运动组(Ovx+run组)、去卵巢加运动加1/4雌激素组(Ovx+run+e1组)和去卵巢加运动加雌激素组(Ovx+run+e2组).其中Ovx+run+e1组和Ovx+run+e2组于术后1周开始皮下注射不同剂量的己烯雌酚,Ovx+run+e1组剂量为0.025mg/kg,1次/4d;Ovx+run+e2组为0.025mg/kg,1次/d,持续12周.Sham+run组、Ovx+run组、Ovx+run+e1组、Ovx+run+e2组于术后1周开始采用大鼠专用跑笼进行运动训练12周.术后13周行股骨远端骨密度和生物力学测量,并对胫骨近端进行骨组织计量学测量.结果 (1)Ovx组股骨远端骨密度值最低[(0.10±0.01)g/cm2],与其他各组相比差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);Ovx+run+e2组与Sham+run组骨密度值相当[分别为(0.14±0.02)g/cm2和(0.13±0.02)r/cm2],均显著高于其他各组(均P＜0.05);Sham组、Ovx+run组和Ovx+run+e1组之间骨密度值差异无统计学意义[(0.11±0.01)g/cm2比(0.12±0.01)g/cm2比(0.12±0.01)g/cm2,均P＞0.05].(2)Sham组骨小梁的厚度、骨小梁面积百分比和骨小梁数量与Ovx+run+e2组、Sham+run组差异无统计学意义,且均高于Ovx+run+e1组、Ovx+run组和Ovx组(均P＜0.05);而骨小梁分离度在Sham组、Ovx+run+e2组和Sham+run组之间差异也无统计学意义,但低于Ovx+run+e1组、Ovx+run组和Ovx组(均P＜0.05).骨小梁面积百分比和骨小梁数量:Ovx组＜Ovx+run组＜Ovx+run+e1组(均P＜0.05);骨小梁分离度:Ovx组＞Ovx+run组＞Ovx+run+e1组(均P＜0.05);骨小梁厚度在3组间差异无统计学意义.(3)Ovx组极限剪切载荷、剪切强度极限、最大剪应变、剪切弹性模量明显低于其他各组(均P＜0.05).Ovx+run+e2组的极限剪切载荷、剪切强度极限、最大剪应变与Sham+run组相当,均高于其他各组(均P＜0.05);剪切弹性模量则与Sham+run组、Ovx+run组相当,均高于Sham组、Ovx组、Ovx+run+e1组(均P＜0.05).Sham组、Ovx+run+e1组与Ovx+run组极限剪切载荷、剪切强度极限、最大剪应变之间差异均无统计学意义.Sham组剪切弹性模量小于Ovx+run组(P＜0.05),但Sham组与Ovx+run+e1组、Ovx+run+e1组与Ovx+run组之间差异无统计学意义.结论 雌激素水平对运动防治骨质疏松的效果有显著影响.雌激素充足,对运动防治骨质疏松效果起协同作用;雌激素不足,则对运动防治骨质疏松效果无协同作用.     

输精管结扎6月与25月家兔T淋巴细胞与巨噬细胞功能的观察

本文应用输精管结扎６月，２５月家兔的动物模型，观察了海马培养上清胸腺细胞调节因子活性，胸腺细胞自身增殖反应性与脾脏的Ｔ，Ｂ细胞功能，及外周血巨噬细胞功能的变化。结果表明，（１）海马培养上的清胸腺细胞调节因子活性，胸腺细胞自身增殖反应，输精管结扎６月组和输精管结扎２５月组与相应的对照组比较差异均无显著性；（２）ＣｏｎＡ诱导的脾细胞增殖反应性和ＩＬ－２，ＩＬ－６活性，输精管结扎６月组均呈低值，且ＩＬ－     

硝酸镧对大鼠睾丸7型水通道基因表达的影响

目的:观察不同剂量稀土元素-镧对大鼠睾丸7型水通道(aquaporin7,AQP7)基因表达水平的影响。方法:取硝酸镧灌胃6个月大鼠的睾丸组织提取总RNA进行Northernblot分析。结果:低剂量La(NO₃)₃(0.1mg/kg)抑制大鼠睾丸AQP7的mRNA表达,而高剂量La(NO₃)₃(20mg/kg)的作用与对照组比较无明显差别。结论:大鼠睾丸内可见AQP7mRNA的表达;硝酸镧能影响大鼠睾丸AQP7mRNA表达的强度。     

Effect of extract of Hibiscus on the ultrastructure of the testis in adult mice

Hibiscus sabdariffa extract is a popular beverage in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. Although, Hibiscus tea is known for its medicinal effects for thousands of years, scientific evidence of its systemic safety is very limited. The current study aimed to assess the potential adverse effects of H. sabdariffa extract on sperm morphology and testicular ultrastructure of albino mice. Thirty adult male albino mice were divided into three equal groups and were given: (a) distilled water, (b) cold Hibiscus aqueous extract, and (c) boiled Hibiscus aqueous extract. Hibiscus extract was administered orally daily for 4 weeks in a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight/mouse. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, mice were decapitated and the testes and epididymides were excised and processed for transmission electron microscopy to assess ultrastructural and sperm abnormalities. The results clearly demonstrate that aqueous extracts from dried calyx of H. sabdariffa, either cold or boiled, alter normal sperm morphology and testicular ultrastructure and adversely influence the male reproductive fertility in albino mice. The current data suggest that Hibiscus extract should be consumed with caution, and reasonable estimates of the human risk associated with its consumption should be provided.     

Effects of alpha-tocopherol on cadmium-induced toxicity in rat testis and spermatogenesis

Cadmium is known to exert toxic effects on multiple organs, including the testes. To determine if alpha-tocopherol, an antioxidant, could protect testicular tissues and spermatogenesis from the toxic effects of cadmium, six-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive cadmium at doses of 0 (control), 1, 2, 4 or 8 mg/kg by the intraperitoneal route (Group A) or alpha-tocopherol for 5 days before being challenged with cadmium (Group B) in an identical dose-dependent manner. When both groups received cadmium at 1 mg/kg, there were no changes in testicular histology relative to controls. When Group A received cadmium at 2 mg/kg, undifferentiated spermatids and dead Sertoli cells increased in the seminiferous tubules while interstitial cells decreased and inflammatory cells increased in the interstitial tissues. On flow cytometric analysis, the numbers of elongated spermatids (M1) and round spermatids (M2) decreased while 2c stage cells (M3, diploid) increased. In contrast, when Group B received cadmium at 2 mg/kg, the histological insults were reduced and the distribution of the germ cell population remained comparable to controls. However, alpha-tocopherol had no protective effects with higher cadmium doses of 4 and 8 mg/kg. These findings indicate that alpha-tocopherol treatment can protect testicular tissue and preserve spermatogenesis from the detrimental effects of cadmium but its effectiveness is dependent on the dose of cadmium exposed.     

Effect of guanethidine sympathectomy on intake and body weight of intact and LHA-lesioned rats

The present study investigated the role of direct sympathetic nervous system innervation of the viscera in the reduced body weight levels maintained by animals bearing lesions of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). Adult, male rats with, and without, electrolytic lesions of the (LHA) were treated with guanethidine sulphate (25 mg/kg IP daily for 6 weeks) to produce destruction of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. LHA-lesioned rats displayed the expected reduced body weight compared to intact rats. Sympathectomy in lesioned rats resulted in an identical pattern of effects to that seen in intact rats. Transitory reductions in intake were effected and weight was significantly depressed by one week of guanethidine treatment. However, weight had recovered to control levels in both intact and lesioned drug-treated groups by the end of the experiment. The reduced body weight level maintained by LHA-lesioned rats was not altered by guanethidine sympathectomy. The major conclusions are (1) the reduced body weights maintained following LHA lesions are not dependent upon an intact sympathetic nervous innervation of visceral organs, and (2) peripheral sympathectomy in intact adult rats has no chronic effects on either body weight or food and water intake.     

Chemical castration with cyproterone acetate (Androcur®) and sexual behavior in the laboratory-housed male stumptailed maceque (Macaca arctoides)

Seven pairs of stumptailed monkeys were tested twice weekly (30-min behavior tests) and female-male interactions scored while males received IM injections of CA for 12 weeks, or oil vehicle. Paris served as their own controls. CA was injected in increasing doses: 6 weeks, 100 mg/week/♂, 2 weeks 150 mg/week/♂, 4 weeks 210 mg/week/♂. Serum testosterone levels were significantly lowered during CA, whereas serum cortisol was not affected by CA. Testis size also decreased with CA. Male sexual behavior (frequency of mounts and ejaculations) was increased significantly with CA. Sexual motivation, as measured by latency to first mount and to first ejaculation was not affected. During CA treatment the males became more social: they significantly groomed their female partner longer. This study also revealed striking intra-pair consistencies and inter-pair differences. It is concluded that cyproterone acetate does not diminish libido and potency in the male stumptailed monkey. It is discussed that in the human male CA probably does exert its sexual inhibition through anxyolitic-tranquilizing action, rather than through its hormonal action.     

Effects of guanethidine sympathectomy on feeding, drinking, weight gain and amphetamine anorexia in the rat

Adult female rats that underwent sympathectomy induced by guanethidine treatment (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg) exhibited markedly increased water intake, but did not display significant alterations of either food intake, body weight, or the Lee Index of obesity. Guanethidine treatment did not attenuate amphetamine anorexia as evidenced by comparable dose-dependent reductions in food intake to d-amphetamine sulfate (0.25, 0.50, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg) in sympathectomized and control rats. These data are not consistent with the hypothesis that amphetamine anorexia is partially mediated via enhanced BAT thermogenesis.     

胃电刺激对大鼠VMH胃扩张敏感神经元电活动及脑内催产素表达的影响

目的： 给予胃窦部以2组不同参数的电刺激，观察大鼠下丘脑腹内侧核（VMH）胃扩张（GD）敏感性神经元放电频率的变化及脑内有促进摄食作用的神经肽-催产素(OT) 表达的变化，为胃电刺激（GES）治疗肥胖的中枢作用机制及临床上治疗肥胖参数的选择提供理论依据。方法: ① 电生理实验：采用细胞外记录神经元单位放电方法，记录下丘脑腹内侧核神经元自发放电活动，根据神经元对胃扩张刺激反应的不同，分为胃扩张兴奋性神经元（GD-E）和胃扩张抑制性神经元（GD-I）， 并观察不同参数电刺激胃窦部，VMH内GD-E和GD-I放电频率的变化。②免疫组化实验：采用免疫荧光组织化学染色方法观察胃电刺激 2 h 对大鼠脑内OT阳性神经元表达的影响。结果: ① 电生理结果：GES1和GES2分别使60.4%和75.0%的GD敏感性神经元兴奋（P>0.05）。GES2和GES1分别可使GD-E神经元的放电频率平均增加343.59%±89.19%和97.44±33.67% (P<0.05)，GD-I神经元的放电频率平均增加366.30%±87.20%和112.00%±14.67% (P<0.05)。②免疫组化结果：GES1刺激胃窦部 2 h，室旁核（PVN）和视上核（SON）OT 免疫阳性神经元明显增加（P<0.05）。结论: GES可通过兴奋“饱中枢”-VMH内胃扩张敏感性神经元和增加脑内OT的表达来抑制摄食，且GES的作用效应与其强度有关。     

国产血管生成素对微血管稀少及血管内皮细胞作用

本研究旨在研究国产血管生成素对微血管稀少和血管内皮细胞的作用。观察对象为WKY鼠5周龄组、8周龄组、13周龄组和血管生成素治疗组。观察指标为微动脉A2、A3和A4。研究结果提示血管生成素可以预防微血管稀少并延缓靶器官细胞损害。