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TRENDS IN CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION IN AUSTRALIA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. D. WOODWARD 《Internal medicine journal》1984,14(4):405-407
Historical trends are presented showing an increase in total cigarette consumption but a fall in the number of adult male smokers. The prevalence of smoking among children appears to have increased. The role of tobacco advertising and reduced cigarette prices are discussed. The need to prevent children from taking up smoking is emphasised, and recent data show that the earlier a child begins to smoke, the higher will be the subsequent daily cigarette consumption. 相似文献
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本文对河南省老年人感染寄生虫的调查资料进行了分析,在39个县(市)164个点的5421人中,共查见人体寄生虫22种,总感染率为56.2%,以蛔虫、鞭虫、钩虫、蛲虫、溶组织内阿米巴、贾第虫感染较为普遍,且感染率亦较高,就这6种寄生虫的感染情况进行了分析,并对河南老年人今后的寄生虫病防治工作提出了建议。 相似文献
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Department of Disease Control Ministry of Health People′s Republic of China Center for AIDS Surveillance Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine Group of National HIV Sentinel Surveillance Program 《中国艾滋病性病》1998,(4)
1997年,全国HIV监测哨点共调整为60个,分布在27个省(自治区、直辖市)。性病门诊哨点和长卡哨点中只检出极少数HIV感染者。1997年,在3个暗娼哨点中的检出率约为1%~2%,而1996年同期仅为不到0.5%;在12个吸毒哨点中有7个哨点(包括2个新增哨点)报告了HIV感染者,而在1996年同期8个哨点中有3个哨点报告了感染者。新疆自治区报告了83例(20.8%)感染者,而在前几年同期同一哨点只有32例(8.0%)。在大部分吸毒监测哨点中的静注比例正不断增加或保持一个较高水平。暗娼人群中有60%从不使用避孕套。该监测结果表明,局部地区吸毒者中HIV感染率在不断上升,HIV波及的地区在不断地增多,HIV感染已开始向性乱人群扩散;可引起HIV流行的危险因素在不断增加,目前我国迫切需要开展有效的各种干预措施 相似文献
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H. VETTER R. STRASS J.-M. BAYER R. BECKERHOFF H. ARMBRUSTER W. VETTER 《Clinical endocrinology》1977,6(1):1-4
Short-term fluctuations in plasma cortisol were determined overnight in twelve patients with Cushing's syndrome: eight patients with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia of hypothalamic-pituitary origin, three patients with a cortisol producing adenoma and one patient with a carcinoma of the adrenal cortex. While either secretory episodes in plasma cortisol or a fixed pattern of cortisol secretion were observed both in patients with pituitary dependent and in those with pituitary independent hypercorticism, a typical night-day variation in plasma cortisol was only found in one of the eight patients with Cushing's syndrome of hypothalamic-pituitary origin. The patient with a cortisol producing carcinoma showed only minor fluctuations in plasma cortisol throughout the test period. The results indicate that no discrimination can be made between patients with pituitary dependent or independent Cushing's syndrome by demonstrating an episodic or a fixed secretion of cortisol. It seems, however, that the finding of a typical night-day variation in hormone secretion points to hypercorticism of hypothalamic-pituitary origin. 相似文献
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[目的 ]探讨应用糖皮质激素 (GC)诱发大鼠卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎 (Pneumocystiscariniipneumonia ,PCP)的免疫应答。 [方法 ]SD大鼠皮下注射GC建立免疫抑制PCP模型 ,测定外周血淋巴细胞比例、CD4+ T细胞 /CD8+ T细胞比例 ,肺泡灌洗液 (bronchoalveolarlavagefluid ,BALF)中淋巴细胞比例、sIL 2R和TNF α值。 [结果 ]①免疫抑制后外周血淋巴细胞比例、CD4+ T细胞 /CD8+ T细胞比例降低 ,BALF中淋巴细胞比例、TNF α、sIL 2R均降低 ;②BALF中TNF α、外周血CD4+ T细胞 /CD8+ T细胞比值在PCP组中最低 ;③PCP组的BALF中淋巴细胞比例比PC阴性对照组明显升高。 [结论 ]使用GC造成大鼠免疫抑制 ,诱发PC感染后 ,CD4+ 减少及TNF α分泌降低。 相似文献
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CHANGES IN CORTICAL AND TRABECULAR BONE IN ALGODYSTROPHY 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
We studied the pattern of bone loss in the hand of 77 patientswith Colles' fracture using metacarpal morphometry, single photonabsorptiometry and a radiographic scoring system. Forty-fourpatients had post-traumatic algodystrophy and the remainderserved as controls. Both groups were immobilized in the samemanner and for the same period of time and both showed lossof bone during immobilization. The loss of bone 7 weeks afterfracture was significantly greater in algodystrophy than incontrols both at cortical (P<0.05) and at trabecular sites(P<0.05). Recovery of bone occurred in the control patientsby 19 weeks after fracture at cortical sites and by 31 weeksin trabecular bone. In contrast, the bone loss seen in patientswith algodystrophy persisted for the 6-month duration of thefollow-up, and up to 1 year in all nine patients studied forlonger. These findings indicate that post-traumatic algodystrophyis associated with regional skeletal losses greater than thosefollowing uncomplicated fracture and may result in irreversiblechanges in the structure and thus the strength of the bony architecture. KEY WORDS: Colles' fracture, Bone density, Photon absorptiometry, Metacarpal morphometry, Immobilization, Reflex sympathetic dystrophy 相似文献